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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Participa??o do v?rus sincicial respirat?rio, das esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio e da autofagia na forma??o de redes extracelulares de eosin?filos na asma

Silveira, Josiane Silva 26 October 2018 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-11-01T18:12:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Josiane Silva Silveira vers?o final corrigida.pdf: 4036302 bytes, checksum: cdea806bf90b79da9a4047282152d203 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-11-05T12:55:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Josiane Silva Silveira vers?o final corrigida.pdf: 4036302 bytes, checksum: cdea806bf90b79da9a4047282152d203 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T13:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Josiane Silva Silveira vers?o final corrigida.pdf: 4036302 bytes, checksum: cdea806bf90b79da9a4047282152d203 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / INTRODUCTION: asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by secretion of elevated levels of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13), reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy and eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) release in airway. Moreover, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection may facilitate allergic sensitization development as well as exacerbate asthma symptoms. Recently, studies have demonstrated an increase of autophagy in eosinophils of asthmatic patients, contributing to an increase in inflammatory response. In asthma, an increase in EETs release may cause tissue damage and an increase in mucus viscosity, which contribute to airway obstruction and reduction of lung function. However, the mechanism of EETs formation and its pathophysiologic role in asthma are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: the aim of this dissertation was to elucidate some mechanisms involved in EETs release in asthma. We investigated whether the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) could induce EETs in vitro in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophils of an experimental asthma model. Moreover, we evaluated ROS and autophagy participation in mechanisms involved in EETs formation. METHODS: in order to perform the experimental model of asthma, BALB/cJ mice were sensitized with two subcutaneous injections of ovalbumin (OVA) on days 0 and 7, followed by three intranasal challenges with OVA on days 14, 15 and 16 of the protocol. In paper 1, BALF eosinophils of OVA group and control group were stimulated with RSV (103 PFU/mL) in vitro for 3 hours. After that, culture supernatant was collected in order to perform the analyses proposed in this study which were evaluated according to the specific objectives of this paper. In paper 2, during the experimental asthma protocol, mice were treated intranasally with a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NDPH oxidase) inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), or a glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In paper 3, mice were treated intranasally with an autophagy inhibitor, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA). Treatments were performed 45 minutes before of the three intranasal administrations with OVA. At the end of the protocol, BALF and lung tissue were collected to perform the techniques discribed in each of the papers, according to their specific objectives. RESULTS: in paper 1, we verified an increase in EETs release in BALF eosinophils from OVA group stimulated with RSV in vitro. RSV in vitro decreased IFN-? in BALF cells when compared to the OVA group. In paper 2, we showed that in NAC-treated OVA group there was a decrease in the inflammatory cells in BALF and lung tissue. DPI or NAC treatments reduced EPO activity, goblet cells hyperplasia, inflammatory cytokines and NF?B p65 immunocontent in lung, and they helped in decreasing ROS production in lung. Furthermore, NAC increased catalase (CAT) activity in lung. However, only NAC treatment improved mitochondrial energy metabolism in lung. We showed that DPI or NAC reduced EETs formation in BALF from the OVA group. In paper 3, we showed that in 3-MA-treated OVA group there was a decrease in the inflammatory cells, EPO activity, goblet cells hyperplasia, inflammatory cytokines, NF?B p65 immunocontent, and oxidative stress in airway. Moreover, 3-MA was able to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism and increase Na+,K+-ATPase activity. We also demonstrated that 3-MA decreased light chain 3B (LC3B) in BALF cells and lung tissue as well as reduced EETs formation in BALF. CONCLUSION: our results verified an important role for RSV in the induction of EETs release. Moreover, DPI, NAC and 3-MA treatments decreased airway inflammation, oxidative stress and EETs release in asthma. Our data suggested that RSV, ROS and autophagy participate in the mechanisms for EETs release in asthma. Thus, identification of mechanisms that regulate EETs formation in asthma may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this chronic inflammatory disease which damages patients? quality of life and is responsible for a high economic cost for the Brazilian Single Health System (SUS). / INTRODU??O: a asma ? uma doen?a inflamat?ria cr?nica caracterizada pela secre??o de elevados n?veis de citocinas do perfil T helper 2 (Th2) como interleucina (IL)-4, IL-5 e IL-13, esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio (EROs), aumento da autofagia e forma??o redes extracelulares de eosin?filos (EETs). A infec??o pelo v?rus sincicial respirat?rio (VSR) pode facilitar o desenvolvimento da sensibiliza??o al?rgica bem como exacerbar os sintomas da doen?a. Recentemente, estudos t?m demonstrado o aumento da autofagia em eosin?filos das vias de pacientes asm?ticos, contribuindo para o aumento da resposta inflamat?ria nas vias a?reas. Na asma, a produ??o excessiva de EETs pode causar dano tecidual e aumento da viscosidade do muco, podendo contribuir para o aumento da obstru??o da via a?rea e redu??o da fun??o pulmonar. Entretanto, os mecanismos de forma??o das EETs e seu papel fisiopatol?gico na asma s?o pouco compreendidos. OBJETIVO: esta disserta??o teve como objetivo elucidar alguns mecanismos envolvidos na libera??o de EETs na asma. Avaliamos a participa??o do VSR in vitro, das EROs e da autofagia nos mecanismos envolvidos na libera??o das EETs em eosin?filos do lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) em um modelo experimental de asma. METODOLOGIA: para o desenvolvimento do modelo experimental de asma, camundongos BALB/cJ foram sensibilizados com duas inje??es subcut?neas de ovalbumina (OVA) nos dias 0 e 7 seguidos por tr?s desafios intranasais com OVA nos dias 14, 15 e 16 do protocolo. No artigo cient?fico 1, eosin?filos do LBA de animais do grupo OVA e do grupo controle foram estimulados com VSR (103 PFU/mL) in vitro por 3 horas. Ap?s este per?odo, o sobrenadante da cultura foi coletado para a realiza??o das t?cnicas avaliadas conforme os objetivos espec?ficos deste artigo cient?fico. No artigo cientifico 2, durante o protocolo experimental de asma, os animais foram tratados via intranasal com um inibidor da nicotinamida adenina dinucleot?deo fosfato oxidase (NADPH oxidase), difenileno-iod?nio (DPI), ou com um precursor da glutationa, N-acetilciste?na (NAC), 45 minutos antes dos tr?s desafios intranasais com OVA. J? no artigo cientifico 3, os animais foram tratados via intranasal com um inibidor de autofagia, 3-metiladenina (3-MA), 45 minutos antes dos tr?s desafios intranasais com OVA. Ao final do protocolo o LBA e o tecido pulmonar foram coletados para a realiza??o das t?cnicas avaliadas em cada um dos artigos cient?ficos, conforme seus objetivos espec?ficos. RESULTADOS: no artigo cientifico 1, observamos um aumento na libera??o de EETs em eosin?filos do LBA de animais submetidos ao modelo experimental de asma e estimulados com VSR in vitro. Por outro lado, o VSR in vitro foi capaz de diminuir os n?veis de IFN-? no sobrenadante da cultura de eosin?filos do LBA. Em rela??o aos resultados do artigo cient?fico 2, verificamos que no grupo OVA tratado com NAC ocorreu uma diminui??o no n?mero de c?lulas inflamat?rias no LBA bem como uma redu??o no infiltrado inflamat?rio pulmonar. Al?m disso, os animais do grupo OVAM tratados com DPI ou NAC apresentaram uma redu??o da enzima EPO, hiperplasia de c?lulas caliciformes, citocinas inflamat?rias e da prote?na fator nuclear kappa B (NF?B p65). Os tratamentos com DPI ou NAC foram capazes de reduzir a forma??o de EROs, aumentar a atividade da enzima catalase antixidante (CAT). Por outro lado, par?metros do metabolismo energ?tico mitocondrial aumentaram somente com o tratamento com NAC. Por fim, demonstramos que os tratamentos com DPI ou NAC foram capazes de reduzir a forma??o de EETs do LBA. No artigo cient?fico 3, observamos que no grupo OVA tratado com o inibidor de autofagia, 3-MA, ocorreu uma diminui??o no n?mero de c?lulas inflamat?rias no LBA bem como uma redu??o do infiltrado inflamat?rio pulmonar. Al?m disso, os animais tratados com 3-MA apresentaram uma redu??o nos n?veis da enzima EPO, hiperplasia de c?lulas caliciformes, citocinas inflamat?rias e da prote?na NF?B p65. O tratamento com 3-MA foi capaz de reduzir a forma??o de EROs bem como aumentar os n?veis da enzima antioxidante CAT. O tratamento com 3-MA tamb?m melhorou par?metros do metabolismo energ?tico mitocondrial e a atividade da enzima Na+,K+ATPase. Demonstramos tamb?m que o tratamento com 3-MA diminuiu o imunoconte?do da prote?na light chain 3B (LC3B) em eosin?filos do LBA e no tecido pulmonar e reduziu a forma??o de EETs no LBA. CONCLUS?O: Nossos resultados demonstram um importante papel do VSR na indu??o da libera??o de EETs. Al?m disso, verificamos que os tratamentos com DPI, NAC e 3-MA foram capazes de reduzir a inflama??o das vias a?reas, o estresse oxidativo e a libera??o de EETs no LBA. Demonstramos que o VSR, as EROs e a autofagia participam dos mecanismos que regulam o processo de libera??o das EETs na asma. Assim, a identifica??o de alguns desses mecanismos envolvidos na libera??o de EETs na asma pode contribuir para uma melhor compreens?o da patog?nese desta doen?a inflamat?ria cr?nica que prejudica a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e ? respons?vel por um alto custo econ?mico para o Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS).

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