The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase integral in regulating cell growth, survival, and migration. EGFR signaling, which is dependent on localization of the receptor within lipid rafts, is often hijacked during colon tumorigenesis. Previous work has found that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is protective against colon cancer. This fatty acid is proposed to function in part by perturbing lipid rafts and thereby altering cell signaling. The overall objective of this work was to determine whether DHA alters EGFR function and signaling. We assessed EGFR localization and ligand-induced phosphorylation in YAMC cells treated with fatty acids. We found that DHA reduced the localization of EGFR to lipid rafts. Concomitant with altering receptor localization, DHA was found to increase EGFR phosphorylation. However, DHA paradoxically suppressed EGFR signal transduction. We found that DHA uniquely altered EGFR activity, and other long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid did not exert the same effect. We additionally observed similar effects on EGFR activation and signaling by feeding mice a diet enriched in fish oil (high in DHA), and this was attendant with reduced colon tumorigenesis. We next probed the mechanism by which DHA enhances EGFR phosphorylation. We found that DHA facilitates receptor dimerization to increase phosphorylation. We additionally identified Ras activation as the site of perturbation of signal transduction. DHA suppressed signal transduction by both changing the localization of EGFR within the plasma membrane and increasing receptor endocytosis and degradation. Lastly, we extended our observations into a wounding model. Although DHA uniquely altered ligand-stimulated EGFR activity, both DHA and EPA altered EGFR transactivation and signaling upon injury. This culminated in reduced wound healing in DHA and EPA treated cells. In an animal model, we found that diets enriched in either DHA or EPA altered EGFR signaling in the colonocytes of wounded animals. Overall, we found that DHA modifies EGFR signaling, which can be beneficial or detrimental for health depending on the disease state of an individual. These data help elucidate a mechanism by which DHA protects against colon cancer, as well as indicating a potential downside of n-3 PUFA therapy.

In this study, we hypothesize that human acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) binds and is regulated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and that AMCase interacts with Galectin-3 (Gal-3) to mediate anti-apoptotic functions. We further hypothesize that asthma-associated polymorphisms of AMCase alter chitinase activity and modulate anti-apoptotic effects. We investigated the interactions between AMCase, Gal-3 and EGFR by establishing binding and co-expression in vitro; apoptotic effects were evaluated via Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining. Molecular cloning was performed to generate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AMCase associated with asthma. Our data showed that co-expression of AMCase and EGFR induces chitinase activity; we found that AMCase and Gal-3 bind each other in vitro, and that they co-localize in the cytoplasm of cells. Co-transfection of AMCase and Gal-3 demonstrates greater anti-apoptotic effect than Gal-3 alone, while recombinant Gal-3 induces apoptosis, which is not blocked by incubation with recombinant AMCase. From these data, we conclude that AMCase is regulated by EGFR, and that AMCase and Gal-3 physically interact, however contrary to our hypothesis, the anti-apoptotic effects of AMCase are unlikely to be mediated by Gal-3. Further exploration of this pathway using SNP constructs generated in this study will shed light on the mechanism of AMCase in asthma.

L'hypervascularisation artérielle bronchique des dilatations des bronches contribue à l'afflux local de cellules inflammatoires et de protéines plasmatiques et favorise la survenue de saignements bronchiques. Les mécanismes de l'angiogénèse des vaisseaux bronchiques dans les dilatations des bronches sont peu connus, mais pourraient impliquer la voie du facteur de croissance endothélial (VEGF)-A.Nous avons émis l'hypothèse que l'infection bronchique dans les dilatations des bronches contribue à l'angiogénèse des vaisseaux bronchiques. Nous avons développé chez la souris un modèle d'infection bronchique persistante par l'instillation intratrachéale de billes d'agarose contenant du Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nos résultats indiquent que l'infection bactérienne provoque l'angiogénèse des vaisseaux péribronchiques en 7 jours. P. aeruginosa induit la synthèse de VEGF-A par l'épithélium respiratoire in vitro et chez la souris par l'activation du récepteur de l'epidermal growth factor (EGF).Nous avons ensuite évalué l'effet de la perte de fonction de CFTR, l'anomalie caractéristique de la mucoviscidose (une cause génétique de dilatation des bronches), sur l'angiogénèse bronchique et l'expression de facteurs pro-angiogéniques. Ces études ont été menées à partir de poumons de patients mucoviscidosiques, chez des souris mutées pour le gène cftr et par inhibition de CFTR sur des cultures de cellules épithéliales.Nos données indiquent que l'infection bronchique contribue à l'angiogénèse péribronchique, qui nécessiterait une communication épithélium/endothélium. L'épithélium bronchique de la mucoviscidose est dans un état pro-angiogénique en l'absence d'infection.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Non-small cell lung carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. There are gender and smoking associated differences both in tumour types and clinical outcome. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are more frequent among smoking men while females develop adenocarcinomas (ADCA). NSCLC among never smokers are mainly ADCA, and occurs mostly in females. The present thesis elucidates the role of estrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR/HER2-4) in NSCLC in the perspective of gender and histology as well as the influence of smoking on those biomarkers. A recently developed technique, tissue micro array (TMA), was employed.The question of how much of a tumour tissue that needed to be included in a TMA for biomarker analysis was analyzed by a statistical approach. Data indicates a sample size of three cylinders of tumour tissue with a diameter of 0.6 mm each as being appropriate and cost-effective. In order to optimally use the up to thousands of different tumour samples within a TMA, it would be optimal to serially cut and store slides before performing in situ detection of proteins and nucleic acids. Applying up to date methodology, and by evaluation with image analysis, data are presented that shows that such handling of TMA slides would be possible without any loss of biomarker information. ERα is more frequently observed in ADCA and in females and a local estradiol synthesis is supported by the presence of aromatase. ERβ is identified as a positive prognostic marker in ADCA. Smoking is associated to increased levels of ERβ mRNA. EGFR over expression is associated with a ligand. Independent phosporylation of ERα. HER-4 intracellular domain may also act as a co-activator to ERα in ADCA, especially among neversmokers. The question of ER and EGFR family signalling crosstalk as a potential target for combined targeted therapy is raised.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-154). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Toxicology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-176). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2008. / Title from title page. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.