This investigation seeks to determine whether certain personality traits of college students are related to their smoking habits. The purpose of the study is to determine whether significant personality differences exist among college students who can be classified as light smokers, heavy smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers and to determine the nature of the differences. The study involved four male experimental groups and four female experimental groups, assigned on the basis of sex and cigarette smoking habits as ascertained from a questionnaire. A total of 191 subjects from two junior colleges comprised the sample. The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS), the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS), and a questionnaire to obtain information on each subject's smoking habits were administered to the subjects at one sitting. Comparisons of the group means of each of the four classifications of smokers and nonsmokers were accomplished by a one-way analysis-of-variance design.

Within a defined geographical area, all patients, 192 in total, with insulin- dependent diabetes of at least 2 years' duration and free from long-term diabetic complications were identified. Their experiences of the influence of the disease on daily living, tedium, and smoking habits were evaluated using a questionnaire and related to metabolic control. A case-referent study concerning smoking habits among 25 patients with good, and 25 with poor metabolic control was performed. The influence of mentruation on metabolic control was studied among 20 diabetic women and 20 healthy controls. Coping strategies and their outcomes were studied among 20 patients, using the interview technique. Among those with unsatifactory metabolic and/or emotional outcomes, plans for nursing intervention were agreed on, using diagnostic reasoning. Only a minority of the patients reported that the disease caused them considerable problems in their daily lives. The greatest problems occurred in connection with regularity in daily life, diet management, and exercise. Patients with good metabolic control (HbAic&lt;6.7) had a higher number of hypo-glycemic cornata (7 vs 1, p&lt;0.001). Patients with poor metabolic control (HbAic&gt;9.0) reported more often that they were smokers (pcO.Ol) and the women fertile aged in this group more often reported problems with metabolic control during menstruation (p&lt;0.05). Twenty-nine (18%) were defined as suffering from tedium. There was a higher proportion (NS) of high tedium scores among patients in both good and poor metabolic control groups than in those with intermediate metabolic control. Sixty (31%) of the patients were smokers, prevalence of smoking increased significantly with increasing HbAic- levels (17.5% among patients with the best metabolic control, 47.5% among those with the worst metabolic control). In the case referent study exposure to smoking was found to be significantly more common among those with poor control (odds ratio 6.0). No systematic change in metabolic control during the menstrual cycle could be found. Problem-solving coping strategy based on the monitoring of blood glucose in combination with sensitivity to signs of actual blood glucose level and logical reasoning, was found to have the best coping outcome, both regarding metabolic control and well-being. The results are summarized in a model for diagnostic reasoning in nursing. / <p>S. 1-46: sammanfattning, s. 47-117: 6 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-08-18T13:22:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BARBARA MARIOTTO BORDIN.pdf: 616329 bytes, checksum: 1c5d8ba717c3f2049b989263d9efa19f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T13:22:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BARBARA MARIOTTO BORDIN.pdf: 616329 bytes, checksum: 1c5d8ba717c3f2049b989263d9efa19f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-16 / Oestrogen Receptor (ER ) gene plays an important role in the regulation of fertility in both males and females. The RsaI polymorphism in exon 5 of ER has been shown to be associated with male infertility in Caucasian patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of this polymorphism in the etiology of idiopathic male infertility and to correlate with smoking and ethylism habits, xenobiotic contact and mumps. We analyzed 287 Brazilian men, including 161 infertile and 126 fertile men to evaluate the association of RsaI polymorphism in male infertility. The RsaI variant alleles (AA, AG or GG) of the patients were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Compared with a control group (normozoospermic men), the frequency of the heterozygous RsaI AG-genotype was four times higher in infertile men (9,94 vs. 2,38%; P = 0,01), five times higher in azoospermic men (11,36 vs. 2,38%; P = 0,02) and seven times higher in teratozoospermic men ( 17,79 vs. 2,38%; P = 0,001). The frequency of the heterozygous RsaI AG-genotype was three times higher in infertile smokers (23,8 vs. 7,4%; P = 0,038) compared with infertile nonsmokers and nine times higher in azoospermic smokers (66,7 vs. 6,9%; P = 0,035), compared with azoospermic nonsmokers. The RsaI polymorphism in the ER gene may have modulating effects on human spermatogenesis. There seems to be consistent association between RsaI polymorphism and smoking habits in infertile men. / O gene Receptor de estrogênio (RE ) desempenha um papel importante na regulação da fertilidade tanto em homens e mulheres. O polimorfismo RsaI no éxon 5 do RE tem-se mostrado associada com infertilidade masculina em caucasianos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a freqüência deste polimorfismo na etiologia da infertilidade idiopática masculina e sua correlação com o tabagismo, etilismo, contato com xenobióticos e caxumba. Nós analisamos 287 brasileiros, incluindo 161 inférteis e 126 homens férteis para avaliar a associação do polimorfismo RsaI do gene RE com a infertilidade masculina. Os alelos variantes do polimorfismo RsaI (AA, AG ou GG) foram determinadas pela reação em cadeia da polimerase alelo-específica. Em comparação com um grupo controle (homens normozoospérmicos), a freqüência do genótipo heterozigoto RsaI-AG foi quatro vezes maior em homens inférteis (9,94 vs. 2,38%, P = 0,01), cinco vezes maior em azoospérmicos (11,36 vs. 2,38% , P = 0,02) e sete vezes maior em teratozoospérmicos (17,79 vs. 2,38%, P = 0,001). A freqüência do genótipo heterozigoto RsaI-AG foi três vezes maior nos fumantes inférteis (23,8 vs. 7,4%, P = 0,038) em comparação com não fumantes inférteis e nove vezes maior em fumantes azoospérmicos (66,7 vs. 6,9%, P = 0,035), comparado com não fumantes azoospérmicos. O polimorfismo RsaI no gene RE pode ter efeitos sobre a modulação da espermatogênese humana. Parece haver uma associação consistente entre o polimorfismo RsaI e tabagismo em homens inférteis.

Non-small cell lung carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. There are gender and smoking associated differences both in tumour types and clinical outcome. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are more frequent among smoking men while females develop adenocarcinomas (ADCA). NSCLC among never smokers are mainly ADCA, and occurs mostly in females. The present thesis elucidates the role of estrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR/HER2-4) in NSCLC in the perspective of gender and histology as well as the influence of smoking on those biomarkers. A recently developed technique, tissue micro array (TMA), was employed.The question of how much of a tumour tissue that needed to be included in a TMA for biomarker analysis was analyzed by a statistical approach. Data indicates a sample size of three cylinders of tumour tissue with a diameter of 0.6 mm each as being appropriate and cost-effective. In order to optimally use the up to thousands of different tumour samples within a TMA, it would be optimal to serially cut and store slides before performing in situ detection of proteins and nucleic acids. Applying up to date methodology, and by evaluation with image analysis, data are presented that shows that such handling of TMA slides would be possible without any loss of biomarker information. ERα is more frequently observed in ADCA and in females and a local estradiol synthesis is supported by the presence of aromatase. ERβ is identified as a positive prognostic marker in ADCA. Smoking is associated to increased levels of ERβ mRNA. EGFR over expression is associated with a ligand. Independent phosporylation of ERα. HER-4 intracellular domain may also act as a co-activator to ERα in ADCA, especially among neversmokers. The question of ER and EGFR family signalling crosstalk as a potential target for combined targeted therapy is raised.

Aim. To assess the association of smoking prevention program with children knowledge and attitudes towards smoking as well as with their smoking behavior. Methods. Survey targeted at the 11-15 years old pupils and was carried out in four schools in Latvia and four schools in Liverpool before and after peer-to-peer pilot intervention. 931 questionnaires in Riga and 836 in Liverpool were used for data analysis. SPSS 15.0 for Windows has been utilized for processing the statistical data. The statistical significance of the data in question was tested, by using the chi-square (χ2) and Z criteria. Results. 15% of pupils in Riga (12% girls and 19% boys) and 8% in Liverpool (13% and 5%) smoked during last month, from which 3% and 1% - smoked daily. 92% of respondents in Liverpool and 94% in Riga knew that smoking is harmful for health. Before intervention 85% of pupils in Riga and 90% in Liverpool declared not smoking if one of the best friends offered a cigarette, ever smokers were less likely to resist. 35% in Liverpool and 49% Riga thought that girls and accordingly, 29% and 40% boys who smoke have less friends. Majority of population in both cities thought that smoking makes young people look less attractive. Approximately, half of the smokers were willing to quit with higher percentage of those who smoked daily. 50% of children in Riga and 44% in Liverpool schools were exposed to ETS at least one day, last week (daily, 22% and 19%), which was strongly associated with... [to full text] / Paukštė E. Vaikų ir jaunimo rūkymo prevencijos organizavimas bendruomenėje. Visuomenės sveikatos vadybos magistro baigiamasis darbas / darbo vadovas doc. Veryga A.; Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas, Medicinos akademija, Visuomenės sveikatos fakultetas, Sveikatos vadybos katedra. – Kaunas, 2011. – 98 p. Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti vaikų rūkymo prevencijos programos reikšmę vaikų žinioms, nuostatoms apie rūkymą bei jų rūkymo įpročiams. Metodai. Anoniminė 11-15 metų moksleivių apklausa atlikta keturiose Latvijos ir keturiose Liverpulio mokyklose prieš ir po bendraamžis-bendraamžiui bandomają intervenciją. Į duomenų analizę buvo įtraukta 931 anketa Rygoje ir 836 anketos Liverpulyje. Statistinė duomenų analizė buvo atlikta naudojant statistinį programinį paketą SPSS 15.0 for Windows. Surinktų duomenų skirtumų patikimumas buvo vertinamas Chi kvadrato (χ2) ir Z kriterijais. Rezultatai. Nustatyta, jog per pastarąsias 30 dienų, Rygoje rūkė 15 proc. (12 proc. mergaičių ir 19 proc. berniukų) ir Liverpulyje 8 proc. moksleivių (13 proc. ir 5 proc.) iš kurių 3 proc. ir 1 proc. rūkė kasdien. 92 proc. moksleivių Liverpulyje ir 94 proc. Rygoje žinojo, jog rūkymas yra žąlingas sveikatai. 85 proc. vaikų Rygoje ir 90 proc. Liverpulyje prieš intervenciją teigė, jog nerūkytų jeigu vienas geriausių draugų pasiūlytų cigaretę. 35 proc. apklaustųjų Liverpulyje ir 49 proc. Rygoje manė, jog mergaitės ir atitinkamai, 29 proc. ir 40 proc. berniukai, kurie rūko turi mažiau draugų. Beto, didžioji... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Antecedents: No hi ha gaire coneixement sobre el neurodesenvolupament de preescolars i la seva susceptibilitat enfront a factors ambientals. Objectius: Avaluar les respostes del neurodesenvolupament en nens i les seves característiques psicomètriques, i, si factors ambientals primerencs (ex., duració de la lactància materna i mares que fumen) poden influir tals respostes. Mètodes: Dues cohorts prospectives des del naixement en població general (Menorca (N=421) i Ribera d'Ebre (N=79)) van se seguides fins als 4 anys d'edat durant un període de dos anys (2001-2003). Els nens van ser avaluats per tres psicòlegs i els seus respectius mestres per les funcions neuropsicològiques (MCSA), els comportaments de dèficit d'atenció i d'hiperactivitat (TDAH-DSM-IV) i la competència social (CPSCS); junt amb l'administració (en persona) a les mares de qüestionaris generals.Resultats: Les respostes van mostrar característiques psicomètriques acceptables i els patrons neuropsicològics del TDAH eren consistents amb altres troballes sobre TDAH. La lactància materna de llarga durada estava associada amb una millora de totes les àrees comportamentals avaluades. Fumar durant l'embaràs estava associat a puntuacions cognitives més baixes.Conclusions: Avaluar el neurodesenvolupament a preescolars sans és factible i necessari per investigar efectes primerencs de factors ambientals i aplicar polítiques preventives de salut pública. / Background: Little is known about neurodevelopment among preschoolers and its susceptibility to environmental factors.Objectives: Assess neurodevelopmental outcomes and their psychometric characteristics in children; and, if early environmental factors (i.e., duration of breastfeeding and maternal smoking) influence the neurobehavioral outcomes. Methods: Two prospective population-based birth cohorts (Menorca (N=421) and Ribera d'Ebre county (N=79)) were followed up at the age of 4 years during a two year period (2001-2003). Children were assessed by three psychologists and their respective teachers for neuropsychological functions (MCSA), inattention-hyperactivity behaviors (ADHD-DSM-IV) and social behavior (CPSCS); in addition to maternal in person general questionnaires. Results: Outcomes showed acceptable psychometric characteristics and ADHD neuropsychological patterns were consistent with other ADHD findings. Long-term breastfeeding was associated with the improvement of all behavioral areas assessed. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with lower cognitive scores.Conclusions: Assessing neurodevelopment in healthy preschoolers is feasible and necessary to investigate early effects of environmental factors and apply public health preventive policies.