• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modulation of B cell access to antigen by passively administered antibodies : an explanation for antibody feedback regulation?

Xu, Hui January 2016 (has links)
Antibody responses can be up- or down-regulated by passive administration of specific antibody together with antigen. Depending on the structure of the antigen and the antibody isotype, responses can be completely suppressed or enhanced up to a 1000-fold of what is seen in animals immunized with antigen alone. IgG suppresses primary antibody responses against erythrocytes. Suppression works well in mice lacking Fc-receptors for IgG, C1q, C3, or complement receptor 1 and 2 (CR1/2). Here, we demonstrate that IgG anti-NP given to mice together with NP-conjugated sheep erythrocytes, suppresses the generation of NP-specific extra-follicular antibody-secreting cells, NP-specific germinal center B cells, induction of memory and long-lived plasma cells. IgG increases antigen clearance but this does not explain the suppressed antibody response. It is demonstrated that IgG-mediated suppression of IgG responses is epitope specific, suggesting that epitope masking is the dominant explanation for IgG-mediated suppression of antibody responses. Both IgE and IgG3 can enhance antibody responses against soluble antigens. IgE-antigen complexes bind to recirculating B cells expressing CD23, an Fc-receptor for IgE.  Thirty minutes after intravenous administration, IgE-antigen is found in splenic follicles. Subsequently, germinal center responses, antigen-specific T cell proliferation, and antibody responses are enhanced. We show that also antigen conjugated to anti-CD23 can bind to CD23+ B cells and be transported to splenic follicles. CD11+ spleen cells, rather than CD23+ B cells, present IgE-antigen complexes to T cells. Here, it is demonstrated that CD8α− conventional dendritic cells is the CD11c+ cell population presenting IgE-antigen to T cells. IgG3-mediated enhancement is dependent on CR1/2. We find that IgG3-antigen complexes, administered intravenously to mice, bind to marginal zone B cells via CR1/2. These cells then transport IgG3-antigen into splenic follicles and deposit antigen onto follicular dendritic cells. Mice treated with FTY720, a drug which dislocates marginal zone B cells from the marginal zone, impairs this transport. Studies in bone marrow chimeric mice show that CR1/2 on both B cells and follicular dendritic cells are crucial for IgG3-mediated enhancement. In summary, these observations suggest that antibodies can feedback regulate antibody responses by modulating the access of antigen to the immune system.
2

The Human B Cell Response to a Multi-Antigen Complex (Bexsero)

Yalley, Prince 04 July 2019 (has links)
Multi-Antigen-Komplexe wurden in der Vakzinologie als effizientes Modell genutzt, um eine breite Impfstoffabdeckung gegen mehrere Stämme desselben Pathogens zu erzielen. Hier werden die Ergebnisse zur menschlichen B-Zell-Reaktion auf einen Multi-Antigen-Komplex (Bexsero) in drei Impfstoffen (Vax1, Vax2 und Vax3) dargestellt. Bexsero ist ein Impfstoff, der aus vier Antigenen (fHbp-GNA2091, NHBA-GNA1030, NadA und OMV (NZ98-254)) für Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) B besteht. Bei allen drei Impfstoffen konnten außerordentlich diverse Immunglobuline (Ig) beobachtet werden, die als Reaktion auf Bexsero mit einzigartigen Ig-Genselektionsmustern erzeugt wurden. Die Daten zeigen auch Igs, die eine Reihe von Spezifitäten aufweisen (Bexsero-spezifisch-reaktive Igs (nur Vax3) oder polyreaktive Igs (Vax2, Vax3 und Vax4)) und Affinitäten (hochbindende, mäßig bindende, schwach bindende und nicht reaktive Igs). Es wurde keine eindeutige Korrelation zwischen spezifischen Ig-Genmerkmalen und Ig-Reaktivitätseigenschaften beobachtet, obwohl Igs von allen Impfstoffen kollektiv unterschiedliche Affinitäten innerhalb/zwischen Cluster-Igs und zwischen Nicht-Clustern von Bexsero aufweisen, was potenzielle Vorteile für einen breiten Schutz mit sich bringt. Ig-Gen-Merkmale und Antigen-Reaktivitätseigenschaften von Igs, die gegen NHBA (22 Igs), fHbp (2 Igs) und NadA (2 Igs) erzeugt wurden, sind ebenfalls gezeigt. Diese Ig zeigten schwache Bindungsaffinitäten, wenn sie an endogen exprimierten Antigenen auf Nm mc58 getestet wurden, möglicherweise aufgrund eines ungeordneten N-Terminus von NHBA. Es wurde eine Anreicherung von hochmutierten polyreaktiven Ig beobachtet. Es werden unterschiedliche Immunoselektivitätsgrade für die verschiedenen Antigene beobachtet, was auf eine Antigenimmunodominanz sowie auf Hinweise auf eine Epitopmaskierung hindeutet. Mit einem kontrollierbaren System von 4 Antigenen eröffnen die Daten die Möglichkeit die menschliche B-Zell-Reaktion auf Multi-Antigen-Komplexe zu verstehen und zeigen, dass ein umfassendes Verständnis über die feinen zellulären und humoralen Einzelheiten der Immunantworten des Impfstoffs während klinischer Studien erforderlich ist. / Multi-antigen complexes have been exploited in vaccinology as an efficient model, to achieve broad vaccine coverage against multiple strains of the same pathogen. Here, the findings on the human B cell response to a multi-antigen complex (Bexsero) in three vaccinees (Vax1, Vax2 and Vax3) are shown. Bexsero is a vaccine comprising of four antigens (fHbp-GNA2091, NHBA-GNA1030, NadA and OMV (NZ98-254)) for Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) B. Immensely diverse (isotype distribution, IgVH and IgJH gene usage, CDR3 length distribution and clonal selection) immunoglobulins (Igs) generated in response to Bexsero with unique Ig gene selection patterns in all three vaccinees was observed. The data also shows Igs that exhibit a range of specificities {Bexsero-specific-reactive Igs (Vax3 Only) or polyreactive Igs (Vax2, Vax3 and Vax4)} and affinities (highly binding, moderately binding, weakly binding and unreactive Igs). No unique correlation between specific Ig gene features and Ig reactivity properties was observed, albeit Igs from all vaccinees collectively exhibit varied affinities within/between cluster Igs, and amongst non-clusters to Bexsero, with potential advantages for broad protection. Ig gene features and antigen-reactivity properties of Igs generated against NHBA (22 Igs), fHbp (2 Igs) and NadA (2 Igs) are also shown. These Igs exhibited weak binding affinities when tested on endogenously expressed antigens on Nm mc58, potentially due to disordered N-terminal of NHBA. Enrichment of highly mutated polyreactive Igs was observed. Varying degrees of immunoselectivity to the different antigens, suggesting antigen immunodominance as well as evidence of epitope masking are observed. With a controllable system of 4 antigens, the data opens a potential window to understanding the human B cell response to multi-antigen complexes and evinces the need for expansive understanding of the fine cellular and humoral details of vaccine immune responses during clinical trials.

Page generated in 0.0689 seconds