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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

A Parallel Implicit Adaptive-mesh-refinement Scheme for Hypersonic Flows with an Equilibrium High-temperature Equation of State

Wood, Alistair Henry Cameron 30 July 2008 (has links)
A parallel implicit adaptive-mesh-refinement scheme is proposed for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations as applied to two-dimensional steady-state hypersonic laminar flows in conjunction with an equilibrium high-temperature equation of state. A finite-volume discretization is applied to the governing equations. Limited piecewise-linear solution reconstruction and Riemann solvers (Roe and HLLE, both modified for a general equation of state) are used to evaluate the inviscid fluxes. The gradients in the viscous fluxes are calculated using diamond-path reconstruction. The system of non-linear algebraic equations resulting from the finite-volume discretization are solved using an inexact Newton method with GMRES to solve the update step of the Newton method. GMRES is preconditioned with Schwarz preconditioning with local block-fill incomplete lower-upper factorization. Multigrid and pseudo-transient continuation are used for startup. Numerical results, including flows at Mach numbers of 7.0, are discussed and demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the scheme.
12

A Parallel Implicit Adaptive-mesh-refinement Scheme for Hypersonic Flows with an Equilibrium High-temperature Equation of State

Wood, Alistair Henry Cameron 30 July 2008 (has links)
A parallel implicit adaptive-mesh-refinement scheme is proposed for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations as applied to two-dimensional steady-state hypersonic laminar flows in conjunction with an equilibrium high-temperature equation of state. A finite-volume discretization is applied to the governing equations. Limited piecewise-linear solution reconstruction and Riemann solvers (Roe and HLLE, both modified for a general equation of state) are used to evaluate the inviscid fluxes. The gradients in the viscous fluxes are calculated using diamond-path reconstruction. The system of non-linear algebraic equations resulting from the finite-volume discretization are solved using an inexact Newton method with GMRES to solve the update step of the Newton method. GMRES is preconditioned with Schwarz preconditioning with local block-fill incomplete lower-upper factorization. Multigrid and pseudo-transient continuation are used for startup. Numerical results, including flows at Mach numbers of 7.0, are discussed and demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the scheme.
13

On the Thermodynamics of Planetary Impact Events

Kraus, Richard Gordon 07 June 2014 (has links)
The history of planet formation and evolution is strongly tied to understanding the outcomes of a wide range of impact events, from slow accretionary events to hypervelocity events that melt and vaporize large fractions of the colliding bodies. To better understand impact processes, their effects on planetary evolution, and how to interpret geochemical data, we need to improve our knowledge of the behavior of materials over the entire range of conditions accessed by collisions. Here I present experimental results from gas gun, laser driven, and pulsed power facilities. Together these facilities can access the tremendously wide range of pressure and temperature conditions achieved in natural impact events. This work focuses on the thermodynamics of impacts to better understand the phase transitions that most strongly affect the dynamics and chemical consequences of a collision. I show that the entropy generation during collisions is the most natural means of interpreting the thermodynamic processes that occur during an impact event. For materials with sufficient thermodynamic data at high pressures and temperatures, I present a method for obtaining the entropy generation during an impact. With the knowledge of the entropy, I present new shock-and-release techniques to investigate the liquid-vapor region of the phase diagram. I also show that for materials without sufficient data to calculate the entropy generation during an impact, one can use the shock-and-release techniques described here to determine the entropy in the high pressure shock state. With better equation of state models that are constrained by our experimental data, our confidence in impact models improves dramatically. Using a high fidelity equation of state for \(H_2O\). ice, I derive scaling laws for how much \(H_2O\) ice melts and vaporizes for impacts onto icy bodies. Recognizing that icy bodies are not pure ice, I have performed experiments to show how the impact energy partitions between the disparate phases. Finally, I discuss some of the uncertainties in using the laboratory experiments to directly interpret the effects of impacts in nature. / Earth and Planetary Sciences
14

Análise de equações de estado para polímeros

Padilha Júnior, Erlí José January 2014 (has links)
O estudo do comportamento termodinâmico de polímeros, através da relação pressão-volume-temperatura (PvT), é essencial para analisar os processos físicos que ocorrem durante o seu processamento e para prever as propriedades finais dos produtos. Existem diversos estudos que comparam a precisão de várias equações de estado (EdE) na descrição do comportamento termodinâmico de polímeros. Segundo a literatura, as que usualmente apresentam os melhores resultados são as equações teóricas dos modelos de célula e de vazios, e as equações empíricas Tait e Hartmann- Haque (HH). Entretanto, não há trabalhos que avaliem a qualidade da estimação dos parâmetros e a sensibilidade da predição das propriedades termodinâmicas com relação aos parâmetros das equações. Além disso, há poucos estudos que contemplem a predição dos coeficientes de expansão térmica e de compressão. Com base nessas observações, o objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma análise mais detalhada das equações de estado Tait, HH, MCM (modelo de célula modificado) e SHT (teoria de vazios simplificada) na predição do comportamento PvT de polímeros, para os estados físicos fundido e sólido. As EdE foram analisadas com relação à: (i) qualidade na estimação dos parâmetros, (ii) sensibilidade das suas predições para cada um dos seus parâmetros, (iii) qualidade na predição do volume específico, e (iv) qualidade na predição do coeficiente de expansão térmica isobárica e da compressibilidade isotérmica. Os resultados apontaram que todas as equações de estado proporcionaram uma descrição satisfatória do comportamento PvT no estado fundido, com uma leve superioridade da EdE Tait. As EdE apresentaram baixos desvios padrão na estimação dos parâmetros, sensibilidade paramétrica adequada e predições plausíveis do volume específico, do coeficiente de expansão térmica e da compressibilidade isotérmica, com exceção da EdE Tait que apresentou uma predição do coeficiente de expansão térmica que não está de acordo com o esperado teoricamente. No estado sólido, a equação de estado Tait exibiu desempenho semelhante ao apresentado para o estado fundido na predição de dados PvT. A EdE HH apresentou resultados satisfatórios para os polímeros amorfos e dificuldade no ajuste da curva PvT de polímeros semicristalinos. / The study of the pressure-volume-temperature (PvT) behavior of polymers is essential to the analysis of the physical processes that occur during processing, and to predict the properties of the final products. In literature, there are several studies that compare the accuracy of various equations of state (EoS) in describing the PvT behavior of polymers, indicating that the best results are usually obtained with the theoretical equations of cell and hole models, and the Tait and Hartmann-Haque (HH) empirical equations. However, most of these studies do not provide information about the quality of the estimated parameters or the sensitivity of the prediction of thermodynamic properties to the parameters of the equations. Furthermore, there are few studies exploring the prediction of thermal expansion and compression coefficients. Based on these observations, the objective of this study is to deepen the analysis of Tait, HH, MCM (modified cell model) and SHT (simplified hole theory) equations of state in prediction the PvT behavior of polymers, for molten and solid states. In this sense, the EoS were analyzed with respect to: (i) quality in the estimation of its parameters, (ii) sensitivity of their predictions to each of its parameters, (iii) quality of the prediction of the specific volume, and (iv) quality in the prediction of isobaric thermal expansion coefficient and isothermal compressibility. The results showed that all equations of state provided an adequated description of the PvT behavior in the molten state, with light superiority of the Tait EoS. All equations presented low standard deviations in the estimation of parameters, adequate sensitivity of its parameters and plausible prediction of specific volume, thermal expansion, and isothermal compression coefficients, except Tait EoS that show a prediction of the dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient with the temperature that is not in agreement with the theoretical expectations. In the solid state, the Tait equation exhibited performance similar to the one obtained for the molten state. HH EoS showed a satisfactory result for amorphous polymers and a difficulty in fitting the PvT curve of semicrystalline polymers.
15

Análise de equações de estado para polímeros

Padilha Júnior, Erlí José January 2014 (has links)
O estudo do comportamento termodinâmico de polímeros, através da relação pressão-volume-temperatura (PvT), é essencial para analisar os processos físicos que ocorrem durante o seu processamento e para prever as propriedades finais dos produtos. Existem diversos estudos que comparam a precisão de várias equações de estado (EdE) na descrição do comportamento termodinâmico de polímeros. Segundo a literatura, as que usualmente apresentam os melhores resultados são as equações teóricas dos modelos de célula e de vazios, e as equações empíricas Tait e Hartmann- Haque (HH). Entretanto, não há trabalhos que avaliem a qualidade da estimação dos parâmetros e a sensibilidade da predição das propriedades termodinâmicas com relação aos parâmetros das equações. Além disso, há poucos estudos que contemplem a predição dos coeficientes de expansão térmica e de compressão. Com base nessas observações, o objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma análise mais detalhada das equações de estado Tait, HH, MCM (modelo de célula modificado) e SHT (teoria de vazios simplificada) na predição do comportamento PvT de polímeros, para os estados físicos fundido e sólido. As EdE foram analisadas com relação à: (i) qualidade na estimação dos parâmetros, (ii) sensibilidade das suas predições para cada um dos seus parâmetros, (iii) qualidade na predição do volume específico, e (iv) qualidade na predição do coeficiente de expansão térmica isobárica e da compressibilidade isotérmica. Os resultados apontaram que todas as equações de estado proporcionaram uma descrição satisfatória do comportamento PvT no estado fundido, com uma leve superioridade da EdE Tait. As EdE apresentaram baixos desvios padrão na estimação dos parâmetros, sensibilidade paramétrica adequada e predições plausíveis do volume específico, do coeficiente de expansão térmica e da compressibilidade isotérmica, com exceção da EdE Tait que apresentou uma predição do coeficiente de expansão térmica que não está de acordo com o esperado teoricamente. No estado sólido, a equação de estado Tait exibiu desempenho semelhante ao apresentado para o estado fundido na predição de dados PvT. A EdE HH apresentou resultados satisfatórios para os polímeros amorfos e dificuldade no ajuste da curva PvT de polímeros semicristalinos. / The study of the pressure-volume-temperature (PvT) behavior of polymers is essential to the analysis of the physical processes that occur during processing, and to predict the properties of the final products. In literature, there are several studies that compare the accuracy of various equations of state (EoS) in describing the PvT behavior of polymers, indicating that the best results are usually obtained with the theoretical equations of cell and hole models, and the Tait and Hartmann-Haque (HH) empirical equations. However, most of these studies do not provide information about the quality of the estimated parameters or the sensitivity of the prediction of thermodynamic properties to the parameters of the equations. Furthermore, there are few studies exploring the prediction of thermal expansion and compression coefficients. Based on these observations, the objective of this study is to deepen the analysis of Tait, HH, MCM (modified cell model) and SHT (simplified hole theory) equations of state in prediction the PvT behavior of polymers, for molten and solid states. In this sense, the EoS were analyzed with respect to: (i) quality in the estimation of its parameters, (ii) sensitivity of their predictions to each of its parameters, (iii) quality of the prediction of the specific volume, and (iv) quality in the prediction of isobaric thermal expansion coefficient and isothermal compressibility. The results showed that all equations of state provided an adequated description of the PvT behavior in the molten state, with light superiority of the Tait EoS. All equations presented low standard deviations in the estimation of parameters, adequate sensitivity of its parameters and plausible prediction of specific volume, thermal expansion, and isothermal compression coefficients, except Tait EoS that show a prediction of the dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient with the temperature that is not in agreement with the theoretical expectations. In the solid state, the Tait equation exhibited performance similar to the one obtained for the molten state. HH EoS showed a satisfactory result for amorphous polymers and a difficulty in fitting the PvT curve of semicrystalline polymers.
16

Representação de mistura de petróleos com abordagem composicional / Representation of petroleum mixture with composicional approach

Carpio, Rodrigo da Silva 08 February 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Denis José Schiozer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T09:40:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carpio_RodrigodaSilva_M.pdf: 1803760 bytes, checksum: be34100829b3b2eb8097997447806428 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Nos últimos anos com o aumento da complexidade dos projetos de produção exige-se que os simuladores de escoamento numéricos sejam capazes de simular novas situações e cenários de produção. No caso de pontos de convergência onde dois ou mais fluidos de diferentes caracterizações são misturados e representados através de uma abordagem composicional, a representação numérica torna-se de difícil descrição se comparada a uma abordagem Black-oil, pois diferentemente do tratamento Black-oil, não se tem apenas uma diferença de pressões de entrada a ser solucionada, mas também existem questões relacionadas à definição da composição resultante. A representação da mistura resultante (definição dos componentes e suas respectivas propriedades) impacta diretamente na predição do comportamento de fases em uma simulação. Uma maneira criteriosa de representar a mistura resultante é através de dados experimentais PVT (análise pressão-volume-temperatura), de um óleo ou gás, ajustados a uma equação de estado cúbica. Porém, na dificuldade de obtenção e comum ausência destes, procura-se trabalhar com os dados de cada fluido, de acordo com alguns métodos de ajuste para mistura disponíveis na literatura. Entretanto, devido à variação das correntes de entrada ao longo do tempo, no ponto de convergência, torna-se necessário um novo ajuste a cada passo de tempo, o que em termos práticos inviabilizaria uma simulação ao longo do tempo. Assim, faz-se necessário o uso de um método que automatize o ajuste da equação de estado dentro da rotina do simulador. Uma solução empregada em alguns programas comerciais é usar como dado de entrada as equações de estado previamente ajustadas de cada fluido a montante, e recalcular as propriedades termodinâmicas da equação de estado da mistura resultante, através do uso de regras de combinação. Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever o ajuste de uma equação de estado com o uso de regras de combinação, para representar uma mistura de dois petróleos, a fim de avaliar o uso das regras de combinação como alternativa para mistura de fluidos em uma simulação numérica de escoamento com abordagem composicional. Compara-se a solução empregada com duas outras técnicas de ajuste de misturas: weaved e splitting / Abstract: In recent years, with the increasing complexity of production projects requires that the numerical flow simulators are able to simulate new situations and production scenarios. In the case of convergence points where two or more fluids with different characterizations are mixed and represented by a compositional approach, the numerical representation it becomes difficult to describe an approach when compared to Black-oil, because unlike the Black-oil treatment, there is not only a difference of inlet pressures to be addressed, but there are also issues related to the definition of the resulting composition. The representation of the resulting mixture (setting of the components and their properties) directly affects the prediction of the phase behavior in a simulation. A careful way to represent the resulting mixture is through experimental PVT (pressurevolume- temperature analysis) data, from an oil or gas, adjusted to a cubic equation of state. But with the difficulty of obtaining these data and their common absence, it is advisable to work with the data of each fluid, according to some methods for adjusting the mixture, available in the literature. However, due to the variation of the input current over time, at the convergence point, it is necessary a new adjust every time step, which in practice would make the simulation impracticable over time. Thus, it is necessary to use a method that automates the adjustment of the equation of state within the simulator routine. The solution employed in several commercial software is to use as input data the equations of state previously adjusted to each fluid upstream and recalculate the thermodynamic properties of the resulting mixture equation of state by using mixing rules. This paper aims to describe the adjust of an equation of state with the use of mixing rules, to represent a mixture of two oils in order to evaluate the use of alternative combination rules for mixing fluids in a numerical simulation flow with compositional approach. The solution was compared with two other mixtures adjustment techniques such as: weaved and splitting / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
17

Análise de equações de estado para polímeros

Padilha Júnior, Erlí José January 2014 (has links)
O estudo do comportamento termodinâmico de polímeros, através da relação pressão-volume-temperatura (PvT), é essencial para analisar os processos físicos que ocorrem durante o seu processamento e para prever as propriedades finais dos produtos. Existem diversos estudos que comparam a precisão de várias equações de estado (EdE) na descrição do comportamento termodinâmico de polímeros. Segundo a literatura, as que usualmente apresentam os melhores resultados são as equações teóricas dos modelos de célula e de vazios, e as equações empíricas Tait e Hartmann- Haque (HH). Entretanto, não há trabalhos que avaliem a qualidade da estimação dos parâmetros e a sensibilidade da predição das propriedades termodinâmicas com relação aos parâmetros das equações. Além disso, há poucos estudos que contemplem a predição dos coeficientes de expansão térmica e de compressão. Com base nessas observações, o objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma análise mais detalhada das equações de estado Tait, HH, MCM (modelo de célula modificado) e SHT (teoria de vazios simplificada) na predição do comportamento PvT de polímeros, para os estados físicos fundido e sólido. As EdE foram analisadas com relação à: (i) qualidade na estimação dos parâmetros, (ii) sensibilidade das suas predições para cada um dos seus parâmetros, (iii) qualidade na predição do volume específico, e (iv) qualidade na predição do coeficiente de expansão térmica isobárica e da compressibilidade isotérmica. Os resultados apontaram que todas as equações de estado proporcionaram uma descrição satisfatória do comportamento PvT no estado fundido, com uma leve superioridade da EdE Tait. As EdE apresentaram baixos desvios padrão na estimação dos parâmetros, sensibilidade paramétrica adequada e predições plausíveis do volume específico, do coeficiente de expansão térmica e da compressibilidade isotérmica, com exceção da EdE Tait que apresentou uma predição do coeficiente de expansão térmica que não está de acordo com o esperado teoricamente. No estado sólido, a equação de estado Tait exibiu desempenho semelhante ao apresentado para o estado fundido na predição de dados PvT. A EdE HH apresentou resultados satisfatórios para os polímeros amorfos e dificuldade no ajuste da curva PvT de polímeros semicristalinos. / The study of the pressure-volume-temperature (PvT) behavior of polymers is essential to the analysis of the physical processes that occur during processing, and to predict the properties of the final products. In literature, there are several studies that compare the accuracy of various equations of state (EoS) in describing the PvT behavior of polymers, indicating that the best results are usually obtained with the theoretical equations of cell and hole models, and the Tait and Hartmann-Haque (HH) empirical equations. However, most of these studies do not provide information about the quality of the estimated parameters or the sensitivity of the prediction of thermodynamic properties to the parameters of the equations. Furthermore, there are few studies exploring the prediction of thermal expansion and compression coefficients. Based on these observations, the objective of this study is to deepen the analysis of Tait, HH, MCM (modified cell model) and SHT (simplified hole theory) equations of state in prediction the PvT behavior of polymers, for molten and solid states. In this sense, the EoS were analyzed with respect to: (i) quality in the estimation of its parameters, (ii) sensitivity of their predictions to each of its parameters, (iii) quality of the prediction of the specific volume, and (iv) quality in the prediction of isobaric thermal expansion coefficient and isothermal compressibility. The results showed that all equations of state provided an adequated description of the PvT behavior in the molten state, with light superiority of the Tait EoS. All equations presented low standard deviations in the estimation of parameters, adequate sensitivity of its parameters and plausible prediction of specific volume, thermal expansion, and isothermal compression coefficients, except Tait EoS that show a prediction of the dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient with the temperature that is not in agreement with the theoretical expectations. In the solid state, the Tait equation exhibited performance similar to the one obtained for the molten state. HH EoS showed a satisfactory result for amorphous polymers and a difficulty in fitting the PvT curve of semicrystalline polymers.
18

An Assessment of State Equations of Air for Modeling a Blast Load Simulator

Emmanuelli, Gustavo 14 December 2018 (has links)
When an explosive detonates above ground, air is principally the only material involved in the transmission of shock waves that can result in damage. Hydrodynamic codes that simulate these explosions use equations of state (EOSs) for modeling the behavior of air at these high-pressure, high-velocity conditions. An investigation is made into the effect that the EOS selection for air has on the calculated overpressure-time waveforms of a blast event. Specifically, the ideal gas, Doan-Nickel, and SESAME EOSs in the SHAMRC code were used to reproduce experiments conducted at the Blast Load Simulator (BLS), a large-scale shock tube operated by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, that consisted of subjecting an instrumented rigid box at three angles of orientation inside the BLS to a blast environment. Numerical comparisons were made against experimentally-derived confidence intervals using peak values and several error metrics, and an attempt was made to rank the EOS based on performance. Issues were noted with the duration of decay from maximum pressure to negative phase that resulted in a general underprediction of the integrated impulse regardless of EOS, while the largest errors were noted for gages on faces at 45 to 90 degrees from the initial flow direction. Although no significant differences were noticed in the pressure histories from different EOSs, the ideal gas consistently ranked last in terms of the error metrics considered and simultaneously required the least CPU hours. Similarly, the Doan-Nickel EOS slightly performed better than SESAME while requiring additional wallclock time. The study showed that the Doan-Nickel and SESAME EOSs can produce blast signatures with less errors and more matches in peak pressure and impulse than the ideal gas EOS at the expense of more computational requirements.
19

Explicit Finite Element Comparison of the Lower Human Extremity under Blast Load

Oyeka, Onyema 11 May 2013 (has links)
Most studies on blast explosion focus on a single technique or software. This Thesis directly compares several methods of simulating blast loads using LS-DYNA, ABAQUS and CTH software. The techniques appraised in this thesis include; Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state (EOS), spherical incident wave formulation, and a direct planar blast load application. In the first section of this study, we analyzed a free air-blast generated by detonating 100 g of composition-4 (C-4). Next, we placed and examined the lower extremity model under the same blast parameters in different coupled and uncoupled scenarios. In the free air-blast study, all three codes gave similar results. The peak over pressure from ABAQUS was the closest in value to the experimentally measured data. In the second section, the JWL EOS method consistently produced higher-pressure response in the lower extremity elements compared to the other methods implemented.
20

High-pressure solubility of light gases in heavy n-alkanes from apredictive equation of state: Incorporating Henry’s law constant intobinary interaction parameter

Nasrifar, K., Rahmanian, Nejat 28 August 2014 (has links)
No / Using fugacity coefficient of a cubic equation of state, Henry’s law constant of a solute in a solvent isincorporated into binary interaction parameter of the classical attractive parameter mixing rule. Thedeveloped equation is a function of temperature. The binary interaction parameter is evaluated by purecomponent critical properties and acentric factors of the solute and the solvent and the Henry’s lawconstant of the solute in the solvent. The developed model accurately describes the solubility of gasesincluding methane, ethane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in heavy n-alkanes from lowto high pressure for wide range of temperature. The solubility of methane and carbon dioxide in wateris also predicted adequately.

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