Introdução: A existência de uma relação importante entre o uso de produtos para a assistência à saúde e a ocorrência de infecções, torna prioritário estabelecer medidas eficazes de processamento daqueles passíveis de reuso.O Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) tem como missão fornecer produtos para saúde (PPS) seguramente processados, ou seja, limpos, desinfetados ou esterilizados, livres de biofilmes, de endotoxinas, de proteínas priônicas e de substâncias tóxicas, e ainda funcionalmente efetivos.No Brasil, o CME tem as suas Boas Práticas regulamentadas por legislação federal da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária desde 15/03/2012 por meio da Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº 15. Expirado o prazo de 24 (vinte e quatro) meses contados a partir da data de sua publicação para que os CME fizessem as adequações necessárias, pode-se inferir que muitos dos serviços de saúde e das empresas processadoras abrangidos por esta Resolução não conseguiram atender integralmente as exigências legais. Analisando a RDC ANVISA nº 15, nem todos os itens se encaixam no mesmo nível desegurança para os PPS processados,ou seja, numa situação de inspeção sanitária as inconformidades não devem ser consideradas com a mesma gravidade. Apresente análise das inconformidades do Centro de Material e Esterilização com base na RDC ANVISA nº15/2012 para julgamento da gravidade validada por especialistaspoderá subsidiaro gestor do CME na priorização de planos de ação junto à administração do Estabelecimento de Saúde para tornar o serviço conforme com a legislação vigente. Objetivo: Analisar asinconformidades apresentadas pelo CME, com base na RDC ANVISA nº15/2012 para julgamento da gravidade esubmeter a validação por especialistas. Materiais e métodos: Tratou-se deuma pesquisa metodológica, que consistiu na atribuiçãode gravidade para 132 inconformidades em relação ao não cumprimento de 89 itens da RDC ANVISA nº 15/2012. Atribuiu-se gravidadealtapara itens da lei cujo não cumprimento comprometia a segurança do processamento seguro do PPS, ou baixa para itens que permitiam um tempo maior para adequação às exigências legais, sem comprometimento do processamento seguro do PPS.Posteriormente, a atribuição da gravidade foi validada por um grupo de 14 especialistas por meio da técnica Delphi, em duas rodadas.Resultados: Das 132 inconformidades referentes ao não cumprimento dos artigos da RDC ANVISA nº15/2012, julgou-se 108 inconformidades como gravidade alta referentes à infra-estrutura, aos equipamentos, aos processos de limpeza, de inspeção, de preparo, de acondicionamento, de desinfecção, de esterilização, de monitoramento da esterilização e do transporte, que poderiam comprometer a segurança do PPS, 105 validadas pela concordância acima de 70% dos juízes especialistas. Julgou-se como gravidade baixa 24 inconformidades; destas, 13 foram validadas, com consenso de mais de 70%, que se referiram à saúde ocupacional, à climatização, à estrutura física e aos equipamentos e 11 não obtiveram a concordância no percentual necessário para validação. Estes itens não validados referiram-se à climatização, à separação de áreas limpas e sujas, à desinfecção química, à qualidade da água de enxágue de PPS, à atribuição do CPPS e ao CME classe I processando materiais complexos. Conclusão: Para as 132 inconformidades referentes ao não cumprimento de 89 artigos da RDC ANVISA nº15/2012, validou-se 118 inconformidades quanto ao grau de gravidade atribuído 105 como gravidade alta e 13 como gravidade baixa. Das inconformidades elencadas como sendo de gravidade baixa, 11 não obtiveram a concordância no percentual necessário para validação. Evidenciou-se lacunas de conhecimento científico na área de processamento de produtos para saúde, como a influência do diferencial de pressão na área de limpeza de PPS como fator de segurança para os profissionais, e o efeito do desgaste/abrasão do PPS limpo com material abrasivo na facilitação da adesão de biofilmes. / Introduction: The existence of an important relationship between the use of products for health care and the occurrence of infections makes it a priority to establish effective measures for the processing of those that can be reused. The purpose of the Material and Sterilization Center (CME) is to provide safely processed, cleaned, disinfected or sterilized health products (PPS) free from biofilms, endotoxins, prion proteins and toxic substances, and still functionally effective . In Brazil, the CME has its Good Practices regulated by federal legislation of the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency since 03/15/2012 through the Resolution of the Collegiate Board of Directors (RDC) No. 15. The term of twenty-four (24) month, counted from the date of its publication for the CME to make the necessary adjustments, it can be inferred that many of the health services and processing companies covered by this Resolution have not been able to fully meet the legal requirements. Analyzing RDC ANVISA No. 15, not all items fit the same level of safety for the processed PPS, that is, in a sanitary inspection situation, nonconformities should not be considered with the same seriousness. The present analysis of the nonconformities of the Center of Material and Sterilization based on the ANVISA RDC nº15 / 2012 for severity validated by specialists can subsidize the CME manager in the prioritization of action plans with the Administration of the Health Establishment to make the service conform With current legislation. Objective: To analyze the nonconformities presented by CME, based on ANVISA RDC nº15 / 2012, to assess severity and to submit validation by specialists. Materials and methods: This was a methodological research, which consisted in the attribution of seriousness to 132 nonconformities in relation to the non-compliance of 89 items of DRC ANVISA nº 15/2012. High severity was assigned to items of law whose non-compliance compromised the security of PPS\'s secure processing, or lowering to items that allowed longer time to conform to legal requirements without compromising PPS\'s secure processing. Subsequently, the assignment of gravity was validated by a group of 14 specialists using the Delphi technique, in two rounds. Results: Of the 132 nonconformities related to the non-compliance of the articles of DRC ANVISA nº15 / 2012, 108 non-conformities were judged as \"high severity\" regarding infrastructure, equipment, cleaning, inspection, preparation, packaging , Disinfection, sterilization, sterilization and transport monitoring, which could compromise the safety of the PPS, validated by the agreement of more than 70% of the expert judges. It was judged as \"low gravity\" 24 nonconformities; Of these, 13 were validated, with a consensus of more than 70%, referring to occupational health, air conditioning, physical structure and equipment and 11 did not obtain agreement on the percentage required for validation. These items were not validated, they referred to the air conditioning, the separation of clean and dirty areas, the chemical disinfection, the quality of the rinsing water of PPS, the assignment of CPPS and the CME class I processing complex materials. Conclusion: For the 132 nonconformities regarding non-compliance with 89 articles of the ANVISA RDC nº15 / 2012, 118 nonconformities were validated regarding the degree of severity attributed - 105 as high severity and 13 as low severity. Of the nonconformities listed as being of low severity, 11 did not obtain the agreement in the percentage necessary for validation. There was evidence of gaps in scientific knowledge in the area of health products processing, such as the influence of the pressure differential in the PPS cleaning area as a safety factor for professionals, and the wear / abrasion effect of clean PPS with abrasive material In facilitating biofilm adhesion.

Hu, Yong. / Thesis submitted in: October 2007. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-129). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Background and Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Objectives of the Thesis --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3. --- Scope of the Thesis --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4. --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Review of Related Technologies --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1. --- Scope and Requirements of the Supply Chain Traceability --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2. --- Automatic Identification and Data Collection Technologies --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Introduction to the AIDC Technologies --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1.1. --- The Barcode --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1.2. --- The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1.3. --- The Sensors for Food --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.1.4. --- The Global Positioning System (GPS) --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Frequencies of the RFID Systems --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Encoding Mechanisms for the RFID Tags and Barcode Labels --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3. --- Standards and Specifications of the EPCglobal --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- The EPCglobal Architecture Framework --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- The EPCglobal EPCIS Specification --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- The EPCglobal Tag Data Standards --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4. --- RFID Applications in Food Supply Chain Management --- p.43 / Chapter 2.5. --- Anti-counterfeit Technologies and Solutions --- p.45 / Chapter 2.6. --- Data Compression Algorithms --- p.47 / Chapter 2.7. --- Shelf Life Prediction Models --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Architecture and Scope of the Application System --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1. --- Application System Architecture --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2. --- Application System Scope --- p.55 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- The Tracking and Tracing Management Module --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1. --- Overview --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2. --- AIDC Technologies Adopted for the Traceable Items --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3. --- Mechanism to Achieve the Nested Visibility --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4. --- Information Integration in the EPCIS --- p.75 / Chapter 4.5. --- Anti-counterfeit Mechanism --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- The Storage and Transportation Monitoring Module --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1. --- Overview --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2. --- Compression of the Sensor Data --- p.93 / Chapter 5.3. --- Management of the Sensor Data --- p.95 / Chapter 5.4. --- Responsive Warning Mechanism --- p.102 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- The Sensor Networks Enabled Assessment Module --- p.108 / Chapter 6.1. --- Overview --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2. --- Management of the Sensor Network Data --- p.110 / Chapter 6.3. --- Active Warning Mechanism --- p.114 / Chapter Chapter 7. --- Conclusions --- p.122 / Chapter 7.1. --- Contributions --- p.122 / Chapter 7.2. --- Future Work --- p.124

Han, Zuoyan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-81). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Bibliography: leaves 91-93.

The use of mobile bar code scanners is expanding to markets beyond popular manufacturing uses, such as healthcare, environmental testing and professional services. The successful interaction of users with mobile bar code scanners is of great importance from a business and technology perspective as well as from the user standpoint. Interaction problems associated with these devices may cause errors in data collection and affect job performance due to frustration, resulting in a potential impact on internal costs. The primary objective of this research was to develop design guidelines for the reengineering of keyboard designs for mobile bar code scanners. A secondary objective was to determine the effectiveness of current bar code scanner designs and how they can be related to other mobile technologies to develop a link across research areas. To accomplish these objectives, three different mobile bar code scanner keyboard designs were investigated: multiple-alphabetical, single-alphabetical and single split-Qwerty. A total of 42 subjects (18 females and 24 males) were recruited to participate in the experiment that was conducted to validate the research hypotheses. Time and accuracy data were recorded during the experiment and workload/subjective questionnaires were given to each participant following interaction with the different mobile bar code scanners. The following conclusions were reached based on the experimental results and are considered the major contributions of this research. First, an alphabetically laid out keyboard with multiple keys results in more time to find a character, a higher percentage of time spent typing incorrect lines, and a higher error rate than an alphabetically laid out keyboard with single keys. Perceived workload was also higher for a keyboard with multiple keys versus one with single keys. Second, no significant differences were found in the time to find a character, the percentage of time spent typing incorrect lines, and the error rate between keyboards with single keys, whether they are laid out alphabetically or in a split-Qwerty design. Finally, training a user on how to use a specific mobile bar code scanner keyboard layout often results in higher character rates, less time spent typing incorrect lines, and a lower error rate. / Graduation date: 2006

Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS's) not only convert energy, they also consume it. Typical operational efficiencies are approximately 25 to 60% for linear power supplies, and approximately 50-90% for switching power supplies. This means that products whose end-use electronics are dc, such as televisions and DVD players, could consume 50% less power when operating if the power supply were upgraded from 40% efficiency to 80% efficiency. Savings can occur not only from using SMPS's instead of linear power supplies, but also from specifying highly efficient switching power supplies. In many cases, efficiencies are still lagging to keep costs down, since the power consumption is considered to be relatively low (40W-700W range). Over time, however, efficiency improvement strategies will pay back based on the cost of energy. Therefore three common flyback converter topologies have been studied through this thesis in the Low (15W), Medium (40W), and High (150W) Power levels. Efficiency analysis on the three power level topologies showed that the greatest opportunity for efficiency improvement existed in the 40W (medium power) topology. Efficiency improvement and measurement approaches are investigated and an optimized medium-power flyback converter is proposed and implemented resulting in an efficiency improvement from 57.8% to 83.6%. / Graduation date: 2004

No description available.

No description available.

The thesis report presents the designs of compact planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas for wireless devices applications. Three main designs of UWB antennas are studied, namely, single UWB antennas, UWB multiple-input-multiple-out(MIMO)antennas, and transparent UWB antennas on the screens of mobile phones. For single UWB antennas, the designs of two compact planar monopole antennas with compact sizes of 26×28 mm2and 30×39.3mm2are presented. The UWB operations of the antennas are achieved using a ground slot under the feed line, offsetting the feed line and the radiator from the middle of the ground plane and smoothly transforming the feed line. Simulation and measurement show that the two antennas can achieve an ultra-wide bandwidth with approximately omnidirectional patterns. A deep notch-band in5.1-5.85 GHz is created in one of the UWB antennas by employing two pairs of meander lines (MLs), one pair being close to the feed line and the other pair along the upper edge of the ground plane. At the notch frequency, the simulated efficiency is only 4%. Three compact UWB-MIMO antennas with very compact sizes of 26×40 〖mm〗^2, 21×38 〖mm〗^2, and 22×36 〖mm〗^2 are designed. Each of them is designed using two UWB antenna elements perpendicularly or symmetrically placed. Different techniques such as using ground stubs besides the radiators, cutting inclined slots on the ground, and adding a T-shaped protruding from ground are proposed to lower mutual coupling between the two antenna elements. One of the antennas is designed to generate a notched band in 5.15-5.85 GHz using two ground strips. Simulation and measurement results show that these antennas can cover the entire UWB of 3.1-10.6GHz with mutual coupling of less than -15 dB, and envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.1. An UWB antenna is designed using a transparent conductive film for applications on mobile phone screens. The effects of a finger touching the screen are studied. Results show that, with the radiator on the bottom side of the screen and a thin film with a thickness of 0.05 mm on the top side to separate the finger and the antenna, the effects of the finger can be minimized. In measurement of monopole antennas with small ground planes, due to the feeding cable used, there are always discrepancies between the simulated and measured results in radiation patterns, efficiencies, and gains at lower frequencies. To verify that the discrepancies in the results of these studies are indeed due to the feeding cable used in measurement, the models of the feeding cables are developed and used for simulation. Results show that, by using the cable model, the simulated and measured results in radiation patterns, efficiencies, and gains agree very well. / published_or_final_version / Electrical and Electronic Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Micro-Doppler is defined as scattering produced by non-rigid-body motion. This dissertation involves the design of a multiple frequency continuous wave (MFCW) radar for micro-Doppler research and detection and classification algorithm design. First, sensor hardware is developed and tested. Various design tradeoffs are considered, with the application of micro-Doppler based detection and classification in mind. A diverse database of MFCW radar micro-Doppler signatures was collected for this dissertation. The micro-Doppler signature database includes experimental data from human, vehicle, and animal targets. Signatures are acquired from targets with varying ranges, velocities, approach angles, and postures. The database is analyzed for micro-Doppler content with a focus on its application to target classification. Joint time-frequency detection algorithms are developed to improve detection performance by exploiting noise-spreading and the micro-Doppler phenomenon. Following detection algorithm development, this dissertation covers the design of micro- Doppler feature extraction, feature selection, and classification algorithms. Feature selection is performed automatically via a Fisher score initialized sequential backward selection algorithm. Classification is performed using two distinct approaches: a generative statistical classification algorithm based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and a discriminative statistical classification algorithm based on support vector machines (SVMs). Classifier performance is analyzed in detail on a micro-Doppler signature database acquired over a three-year period. Both the SVM and GMM classifiers perform well on the radar target classification task (high accuracy, low nuisance alarm probability, high F-measure, etc.). The performance of both classifiers is remarkably similar, and neither algorithm dominates the other in any performance metric when using the chosen feature set. (However, the difference between SVM and GMM classification accuracy becomes statistically significant when many redundant features are present in the feature set.) The accuracy of both classifiers is shown to vary as a function of approach angle, which physically corresponds to the angular dependence of micro-Doppler. The results suggest that overall classifier performance is more sensitive to feature selection than classifier selection (with GMM being more sensitive to redundant features than SVM). Both classifiers are robust enough to handle human targets attempting to evade detection by either army crawling or hands-and-knees crawling. / text