This note examines the behavior of a competitive firm that faces joint price and inflation risk. Given that the price risk is negatively correlated with the inflation risk in the sense of expectation dependence, the firm optimally opts for an over-hedge if the firm's coefficient of relative risk aversion is everywhere no greater than unity. Furthermore, banning the firm from forward trading may induce the firm to produce more or less, depending on whether the price risk premium is positive or negative, respectively. While the price risk premium is unambiguously negative in the absence of the inflation risk, it is not the case when the inflation risk prevails. In contrast to the conventional wisdom, forward hedging needs not always promote production should firms take in inflation seriously.

This note examines the behavior of a competitive firm that faces joint price and inflation risk. Given that the price risk is negatively correlated with the inflation risk in the sense of expectation dependence, the firm optimally opts for an over-hedge if the firm's coefficient of relative risk aversion is everywhere no greater than unity. Furthermore, banning the firm from forward trading may induce the firm to produce more or less, depending on whether the price risk premium is positive or negative, respectively. While the price risk premium is unambiguously negative in the absence of the inflation risk, it is not the case when the inflation risk prevails. In contrast to the conventional wisdom, forward hedging needs not always promote production should firms take in inflation seriously.

Abstracting from self-insurance and self-protection effects of production choices, exporting firms usually have access to a number of risk sharing markets that have an efficient risk management role. Two of the most striking results achieved from the existence of risk sharing markets are the separation theorem and the full-hedging theorem. This note examines the optimal production for exports and hedging decisions of a risk-averse firm facing both hedgeable exchange rate risk and non-hedgeable (background) risk. While the separation property holds in this context, the full-hedging property does not.The correlation between the non-hedgeable income risk and the hedgeable foreign exchange rate risk is pivotal. We show that the concept of expectation dependence is useful in determining the optimal financial risk management.