The following work deals with a design of switched mode power supply. In this essay, there is detailed description of non-isolated and isolated topologies of SMPS, used in industry. Next, there are calculations for design and analysis which are needed for space design. There will also be selected devices, which could be used in final device. Based on experience and ECSS requirements, there will be chosen parameters of SMPS, which could be then used as a module for future space design. Chosen topology of SMPS will be created as engineering model assembled with commercial components. One part of this work is dedicated to design and realization of planar transformer and coupled inductor.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13002号 / 論医博第2110号 / 新制||医||1016(附属図書館) / 32930 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 柳田 素子, 教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 長船 健二 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The development of phased array antenna systems requires considerable resources and time. Due to this constraint, the Naval Air Command (NAVAIR) needs a phased array that can be physically reconfigured to meet the demands of multiple missions without added development time or cost. This work develops and demonstrates a solution to this problem by implementing an adaptive calibration approach to the development of electronically steerable antennas (ESAs). In contrast to previous analog adaptive beamformer systems, this system allows for an arbitrary antenna configuration with a variable number of antenna elements and locations. A simulation model of arbitrary phased array configurations was developed to test the beamformer calibration algorithm and was used to show practical tile locations. To demonstrate this approach, four 4x4 ULA phased array antenna tiles were built and tested together in various configurations to show the viability of developing a physically reconfigurable phased array system.

One of the major remaining question about Mars is its habitability - if the requirements necessary to allow for life are presently fulfilled. One of the most relevant ingredients for life, as we know it, is water. Indirect evidence of transient liquid water on Mars has been retrieved from both rover [Martín-Torres et al., 2015] and orbiter [Ojha et al., 2015]. [Martín-Torres et al., 2015] inferred the existence of an active water cycle, driven by chlorate and perchlorate salts, which are commonly found on the Martian surface, and absorb atmospheric water to form stable hydrated compounds and liquid solutions. This happens through a process called deliquescence (absorption of moisture from the atmosphere by the salts and dissolving into a liquid solution). One of the goals of HABIT is to confirm the hypothesis about the water cycle on Mars. HABIT will record the behavior of a selection of salts on Mars, and will also record Martian environmental conditions (UVdose, air and ground temperatures). The Field-Site Prototype for HABIT (FSP-HABIT) was the first prototype of HABIT deployed during field-site campaigns. Three campaigns took place during summer 2016: First, a short preparatory campaign in Abisko, Sweden, was carried out. The second campaign took place in Iceland, within the EU COST Action TD1308 ORIGINS (Origins and evolution of life on Earth and in the Universe), and the third campaign was conducted within the NASA Spaceward Bound India Program in Ladakh. After providing the corresponding background on the mission framework and the scientific background, this document covers the mechanical, electrical, and software design of the instrument. Afterwards, the steps taken to test the instrument and their results are covered, followed by a rating of the instrument and ideas for future improvements. Instruments like FSP-HABIT will enable the characterization of hygroscopic salts by their conductivity as liquid brines are good conductors, hydrated salts are poor conductors, and dehydrated salts are insulators. During the field-site campaigns, the measurements of FSP-HABIT were used to characterize the near surface environment by its temperature, pressure and relative humidity. Now, these measurements are available for comparison with microbiological studies of the water, ice and soils to characterize the habitability of the explored site. The lessons learned while designing and building FSP-HABIT can be used to inform the development of further prototypes for space missions such as HABIT. / Habitability, Brines, Irradition and Temperature (HABIT)

This dissertation demonstrates the feasibility of using novel electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) methods to fabricate linear and nonlinear optical thin films and components. The ESA process involves the layer-by-layer alternate adsorption of anionic and cationic complexes from aqueous solutions. Selection of the molecules in each layer, their orientation at the molecular level, and the order in which the layers are assembled determine the film's bulk optical, electronic, magnetic, thermal, mechanical and other properties. In this work, the capability of nanoscale control over film optical properties allowed the fabrication of complicated refractive index profiles required for linear optical interference filters. The inherent ordered nature of ESA films yielded extremely stable noncentrosymmetric thin films for second-order nonlinear optical applications. The ESA technique offers numerous advantages over conventional thin film fabrication methods and offers great potential in commercial applications such as reflectance and AR filters, EO waveguides and modulators and other optoelectronic devices. The structure of each monolayer in ESA films is dependent on the processing parameters, producing subsequent variations in bulk film properties both intentionally and incidentally. As this method is still in its infancy, variations in ESA processing methods, including process automation, are considered first in this document. These results allowed carefully controlled refractive index experiments and the synthesis of both step and graded index structures, several microns thick. Dielectric stack, Rugate, and antireflection optical interference filters were designed, synthesized and demonstrated. c(2) films of both commercially available polymer dyes and novel polymers designed specifically for the ESA process were demonstrated using second harmonic generation. UV/vis spectroscopy, ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy analysis are presented. / Ph. D.

Many space probes have conducted in situ explorations of asteroids, in recent decades, intent on identifying evidence of the solar system's earliest processes of formation within the asteroids' interiors. Several future asteroid missions are planned, among which include ESA's Hera mission to explore the Didymos binary asteroid pair. An ion mass analyzer is currently being designed at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics for use as part of the Hera mission. This thesis aims to optimize the instrument such that each of its parameters meets the requirement for performance. A computer simulation is used to calculate the trajectories of low-energy ions inside the instrument, where the electrostatic potential are imposed by grids and electrodes embedded inside the instrument. From the data analysis of the simulation results, the performance for each parameter can be derived. By changing the settings of the grids and electrodes (e.g., positions and voltages), the instrument parameters are to be optimized. Two tasks are set up in this project--- the first task is to optimize the focusing system of the incoming ions at the instrument's entrance, and the second task is to investigate the reflectron system so that the mass resolution of the instrument can be optimized via reducing the spread of the ions' time of flight spectra. The focusing system is found to already be optimized, but instead, a relation between its position of the grid at the instrument's entrance and the instrument's performance is derived. The method of and parameters for optimization within the reflectron are extensively tested individually during this project. Although several performances in each trial from the reflectron analysis cannot meet at least one of the requirements, enough scenarios are examined such that every parameter tested ends with a value suitable to be applied individually to optimize the ion mass analyzer. The findings from the individual tests done in this project can be applied to further optimization, particularly to optimize multiple parameters simultaneously in the near future.

Aufgrund des Mißerfolges der Mars Observer Mission 1992 und allgemeiner sinkender Raumfahrtetats, entwickelte NASA 1995 die „Faster Better Cheaper“ (FBC) Philosophie. Diese sah vor, daß planetare Missionen innerhalb eines kurzen Zeitraumes und mit begrenzten Budgets geplant, gebaut, getestet und gestartet werden sollten. Dabei sollten neue Technologien und neue Betriebsmethoden zum Einsatz kommen. Mögliche Fehlschläge durch unerprobte Instrumente oder Prozesse wurden dabei nicht ausgeschlossen. Der Mißerfolg der Mars-Missionen im Jahr 1999 und weiterer Projekte zwangen jedoch zu einem Umdenken der „Faster Better Cheaper“ Philosophie. Eine Vielzahl von Abhandlungen und Untersuchungen wurden daraufhin veröffentlicht, die Fehler der FBC Philosophie aufzeigten, ohne dabei jedoch auf mögliche Verbesserungen einzugehen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht in der Ermittlung effektiver Maßnahmen, so daß Ressourcen während des Lebenszyklus eines Projektes optimal eingesetzt werden können. Aus der Analyse der fehlgeschlagenen Missionen und einer Erläuterung der Funktionen verschiedener planetarer Missionskonzepte, werden mögliche Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der Kosten ermittelt. Die Effektivität dieser Maßnahmen wird anhand eines Bewertungskataloges im Rahmen einer Simulation zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten einer Mission bestimmt. Es wird dabei eine Handlungshilfe erstellt, mit der ein Projektmanager die Verteilung von Ressourcen optimieren kann. Die Systemtechnik bietet hierzu eine Vielzahl von Analyse- und Simulationsmethoden, mit der die hier gemachten Angaben bewertet und überprüft werden können. / Due to the failure of the Mars Observer Mission in 1992 and decreasing budgets, NASA developed a new philosophy for the development, design and operations called „Faster Better Cheaper“ (FBC). New technologies and new management methods were deployed to reduce lift cycle costs. Possible mission failures were expected. After the losses of the Mars Missions in 1999 and other missions, NASA was forced to rethink its FBC approach. Numerous papers have been published in the meantime which identified the mistakes of the missions and of FBC, but none have identified potential improvements. The objective of this paper is the development of potential measurements for the design of the operations of unmanned space missions that should be applied during its life cycles. A new tool in form of an EXCEL spreadsheet will be developed based on historical missions, which can be used a program manager who can allocate resources in optimal way. Systems Engineering Techniques will be used in various ways to identify problems and to measure potential improvements.

Bedienstete Internationaler Organisationen stehen in einem speziellen Rechtsverhältnis zu ihrem Arbeitgeber, das ihnen ermöglicht, belastende Maßnahmen von speziell für Personalrechtsangelegenheiten errichteten internationalen Verwaltungsgerichten (Administrative Tribunals) überprüfen zu lassen. Anläßlich einer konkreten Streitigkeit (ESA) um Gehaltskürzungen befaßt sich der Beitrag sowohl mit prozeduralen als auch mit materiell-rechtlichen Fragenstellungen und erörtert, wie weit hier bereits allgemeine Rechtsgrundsätze existieren.

The subject of this diploma thesis is to analyse the development of public debt in the Czech Republic between years 1993 and 2014. The text is divided into two main parts, the section about theoretical basis of this topic and the section which contains practical knowledge about specific aspects of the Czech public sector. The theoretical part briefly defines basic terms and facts of the public debt, such as public sector, budgetary system and public debt classification. The second part focuses on real-life functioning of the Czech public sector, so there are introduced Czech budgetary system and budget process and various methodological frameworks for debt analyses. The final and most significant part of the thesis deals with the real values of state, municipality and government indebtedness, emphasis is placed on the development trends.

Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur la description analytique des phénomènes acoustophorétiques, en solutions et suspensions. L'acoustophorèse est la création d'un champ électrique par une onde acoustique.La première partie porte sur les solutions d'électrolytes, et est basée sur l'analyse critique de la littérature. A partir des différents articles, un modèle original, basé sur la résolution des équations de la dynamique pour les ions est trouvé, lequel permet la prédiction, sans paramètres ajustables, de l'acoustophorèse des sels simples pour des solutions allant de très diluées à assez concentrées. Ce modèle est ensuite étendu aux cas de solutions avec trois espèces ioniques différentes, et un programme informatique calculant l'acoustophorèse en fonction de la concentration est en annexe. Une seconde extension est faite pour les liquides ioniques, et permet de déduire le volume des ions. Des tentatives d'extension du modèle sont faites pour les micelles et les colloïdes, en précisant les écueils. Une deuxième approche, basée sur la thermodynamique irréversible et les relations de réciprocité d'Onsager, est faite dans le cas des suspensions colloïdales. Les principaux résultats sont la proportionnalité entre l'acoustophorèse et la mobilité électrique des colloïdes, et donc l'applicabilité de cette technique à la caractérisation des suspensions, y compris concentrées ; le lien rigoureux entre l'acoustophorèse et son corollaire, la création d'une onde acoustique et son champ électrique ; enfin une procédure pour séparer le signal des colloïdes du signal de l'électrolyte support dans l'acoustophorèse des suspensions réelles. / This Ph.D. thesis is on the analytical description of acoustophoretic phenomena, in solutions and suspensions. Acoustophoresis is the creation of an electric field by an acoustic wave.First part is on electrolytic solutions, and it begins by a critical review of literature, from Debye first paper to a recent Ph.D. thesis on the same subject. Hypotheses are carefully selected, and a new model is deduced. This model, using pressure, friction, electric, inertia and corrective force, allows the prediction of acoustophoresis up to 0,3 molar for a simple salt, without any fitting parameter. An extension to solutions with three ionic species is done, and a Fortran program to compute the acoustophoresis as a function of the concentration is given in annex. Extension of the model, in the case of ionic liquid, allows the measurement of the volume of ions. A brief point is done on micellar and colloidal suspensions. A second part is on the application of non-equilibrium thermodynamic, especially Onsager reciprocal relation, to the acoustophoresis of suspensions. Acoustophoresis is shown to be proportional to the electric mobility, which allows the measurement of the latter in dark and concentrated suspensions. A link between acoustophoresis and the creation of acoustic wave by an electric field is also found, and a process to isolate contributions of colloids in real suspensions, with a supporting electrolyte, is proposed.