Norska pappersmassaindustrin Norske Skog Saugbrugs AS använder flera olika biobränslen i en bränslemix vid produktion av ånga för internt bruk. Biobränslen visar stora variationer i asksammansättning och producerad askmängd, varför syftet var att studera dessa i förhållande till bränslemixen, via en statistisk analys av Saugbrugs befintliga data. Rökgaserna från förbränningen renas med ett elektrofilter med tre avskiljningsfält för askstoftet, och en teori om fraktionering av aska från de olika fälten vad gäller innehåll av ekotoxiska metaller fanns. Provtagning, analys av partikelstorlek och laboratorieanalys av askstoft i rökgasen samt aska avskilt av de olika fälten i elektrofiltret var därför motiverat. Förbränningen som helhet alstrar stora mängder aska som sedan deponeras. En undersökning av alternativa användningsområden i enlighet med myndighetskrav för aska gjordes baserat på resultaten från den statistiska analysen och de fyra provuttagningarna. Att statistiskt sammanföra bränslena i en varierande bränslemix med asksammansättning gav litet resultat, men bekräftade att stora variationer finns. Askmängden varierade till följd av vilka bränslen som eldades, snarare än mängden bränsle. Det ackrediterade laboratoriet hade använt sig av två olika analysmetoder vars resultat visade olika koncentrationer för vissa ämnen. Multivariat dataanalys tyder på att koncentrationerna var likvärdiga mellan den gamla och den nya metoden, därmed berodde koncentrationsförändringen inte på Saugbrugs förbränning eller bränslemix. Den befintliga askan innehåller höga koncentrationer av arsenik, bly och krom, och är inte direkt lämplig för alternativ användning. Innehållet av ekotoxiska metaller beror troligtvis främst på förbränning av RT-flis, men till viss del även slam och eget avfall. Mikroskopisk analys av askproven visar att partikelstorleken minskar ju längre in i rökgasreningen askstoftet kommer, och kemisk analys visar en tydlig fraktionering mellan de olika fälten där halten ekotoxiska metaller ökar med minskande partikelstorlek. Askan i de två sista fälten innehåller kritiska koncentrationer av ekotoxiska metaller. Askan uppfyller därmed inte myndighetskrav för skogsspridning eller liknande, och särskilt arsenikkoncentrationen är mycket hög. Saugbrugs aska måste fraktioneras eller behandlas om den skall användas. Fraktionering av aska för olika ändamål kan vara möjligt, men variationer kan förekomma och bör beaktas. Lämpligast vid alternativ användning är att späda askan eller en askfraktion med en annan aska, eller kalk. / The Norwegian paper pulp industry Norske Skog Saugbrugs AS combusts a variety of biofuels in a fuel mix, producing steam for internal use. Biomass is often associated with large variations in ash composition and produced ash quantity, thus the aim was to study these in relation to the used fuel mix through a statistical analysis of Saugbrugs existing data. Flue gases from the combustion are purified with an electrostatic precipitator (ESP), which consists of three fields for ash trapping. Other studies have shown that fractionation of ash from the different fields regarding the content of ecotoxical metals is possible; therefore the study also included sampling, particle size analysis and chemical analysis of samples from ash in the flue gas and ash from the three fields in the ESP respectively. The combustion produces large amounts of ash which is landfilled. An investigation of alternative uses in accordance with regulations for ash was made based on results from the statistical analysis and the four ash samples. The statistical analysis of the fuel mix in relation to the ash composition yielded little results, but showed that large variations exist. The produced ash quantity also varied due to the type of fuel used, rather than how much fuel is combusted. The existing data was based on different analytical methods at the accredited laboratory resulting in different substance concentrations. With multivariate analysis it was concluded that the different concentrations are equivalent between the old and the new method, thus the change is not due to Saugbrugs combustion or fuel mix. The ash contains high concentrations of arsenic, lead and chrome, and is not directly suitable for alternative use. The content of ecotoxic metals in the ash is mainly due to combustion of demolition wood, but also to sludge and waste in some extent. Analysis of the samples show that particle size decreases as the ash moves further in the flue gas purification process, and a distinct fractionation between the different fields where the content of ecotoxic metals increase with decreasing particle size. The ash collected in the two last fields therefore contains critical concentrations of ecotoxic metals. The ash does not meet the requirements regarding forest spreading or similar, and the concentration of arsenic is particularly high. Saugbrugs ash must be fractionated or treated if it is to be used alternatively. Fractionation of ash for various purposes might be possible, although variations may occur and must be considered. The most suitable approach is to dilute the ash or ash fraction with another ash, or lime.

The concern of increasing energy consumption with depleting energy resources is ever growing. Though the solution to this problem lies in part in renewable energies, it is becoming increasingly clear that sustainable building design also plays a critical role. Controlling solar gain, for example, can greatly reduce the cooling energy consumption and lowering the peak cooling load. Having the ability to model these effects can have a substantial impact on the sizing of equipment and further reduce operational costs of a building. As a result, renewed interest has been invested by researchers and industry to promote the development and use of building simulation tools to aid in the design process. Efforts at the University of Waterloo’s Advanced Glazing Systems Laboratory have resulted in a set of shading device models, with emphasis on generality and computational efficiency, tailored for use in building simulation. These models have been validated with measurements at the component level and with measurements performed at the National Solar Test Facility (NSTF) on a full scale window system, giving confidence to model validity. Continued research has resulted in the integration of these shading device models into ESP-r via the Complex Fenestration Construction (CFC) module, capable of modelling multi-layer glazing and shading layer systems and greatly improving the value of ESP-r as a design tool. The objective of the current research was to implement shading device models for roller blinds, pleated drapes and insect screens to the CFC module. These would be in addition to the venetian blind model which had previously been established. A Monte-Carlo ray tracing analysis of pleated drape geometry and incident angle dependent fabric characteristics gave further confidence to the view factor or net reduction method used by the implemented models. On model implementation, a preliminary comparison was performed between a high-slat angle venetian blind, a roller drape and drapery fabric, all given the same material properties, with similar results. Further comparison was then performed using EnergyPlus shading device models to establish further confidence in the functionality of the models. Though there was some discrepancy between the results, primarily due to convective models, good agreement was found, and the effect of the shading device models on building performance was demonstrated. The successful implementation of roller blind, pleated drape and insect screen shading models to the CFC module in ESP-r has been demonstrated in the current research. It should also be noted that the convective models for indoor shading attachments is a worthwhile topic for further research, at which point it would then be beneficial to conduct further empirical validation on the ESP-r simulation.

A dust layer, especially based on high-resistivity dust, at the collecting electrodes may cause a back corona discharge in electrostatic precipitators (ESP). It can significantly reduce the ESP efficiency and as a result cause ecological damages. To study the dust layer influence inside ESPs, it is necessary to derive an adequate model of the ESP precipitation process with a dust layer at the collecting electrode. The research of the present thesis is focused on stationary studies of the precipitation process with a dust layer at the collecting electrode in ESPs. Three mathematical models are proposed as a description of the precipitation process with a dust layer at the collecting electrode. The models are based on Maxwell’s equations and the finite element method (FEM). COMSOL Multiphysics software is used for their implementation. In all models the dust layer has constant conductivity and the air region has constant ion mobility. In the first model there are no coupling conditions, which is required in mathematics, are given between the two regions. The solution found by COMSOL Multiphysics does not provide physically acceptable coupling conditions. In the second model, a continuous transition zone is introduced between the two regions so that no coupling conditions are required. With the large derivatives in the transition zone, the nonlinear solver in COMSOL Multiphysics does not converge. Finally, in the third model, the dust layer and the grounded collecting electrode are replaced with a boundary condition for the air region. The properties of the third model are investigated, and these models can be used to study the influence of the dust layer. The results of these investigations are reported and discussed.

L'activit?? humaine est responsable des changements environnementaux globaux, incluant le d??clin d'esp??ces sauvages. Cependant, certaines esp??ces r??ussissent ?? y survivre et b??n??ficient d'une augmentation de la disponibilit?? des ressources et d'une diminution de la comp??tition. L'??nergie suppl??mentaire acquise gr??ce aux sources de nourritures artificielles pourrait ??tre investie dans leur succ??s reproducteur, leur croissance ou leur masse corporelle. Toutefois, l'effet de ces ressources sur la masse corporelle ne fait le th??me que de quelques articles et les r??sultats sont souvent contradictoires. Chez les mammif??res, la masse corporelle est un trait d'histoire de vie important puisqu'elle influence la survie et la reproduction des individus et est influenc??e par les facteurs intrins??ques, tel que l'??ge et le sexe, et par l'environnement. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de ma ma??trise ??tait d???explorer l???effet de l???anthropisation sur la masse corporelle d'une esp??ce "exploitante"; le raton laveur (Procyon lotor). Les deux objectifs sous-jacents ??taient de: 1) documenter le patron de masse ??ge-sp??cifique chez le raton laveur dans le sud du Qu??bec; et 2) identifier les variables de l'environnement, li??es ?? l'activit?? humaine ainsi qu'au climat, qui influencent la masse corporelle du raton laveur dans le sud du Qu??bec, et ce, ?? diff??rentes ??chelles spatiales. Pour ce faire, j'ai utilis?? les donn??es r??colt??es par le MRNF de 2007 ?? 2009 dans le cadre des op??rations de lutte contre la rage du raton laveur. Le patron de masse ??ge-sp??cifique a r??v??l?? une grande variabilit?? de la masse chez le raton laveur. La densit?? de population humaine a affect?? positivement les femelles et n??gativement les m??les. Les sources de nourritures artificielles ont influenc?? n??gativement les femelles et positivement les m??les. La s??v??rit?? de l'hiver pr??c??dent la capture a eu un effet n??gatif et les pr??cipitations moyennes annuelles ont eu un effet positif sur la masse des ratons laveurs. Ces r??sultats sugg??rent que les m??les et les femelles adoptent des tactiques diff??rentes face ?? l'activit?? humaine. Les m??les utiliseraient les ressources pour engraisser alors que les femelles auraient plus de jeunes, la diminution de leur masse corporelle proviendrait donc d'un plus grand investissement dans la reproduction.

The concern of increasing energy consumption with depleting energy resources is ever growing. Though the solution to this problem lies in part in renewable energies, it is becoming increasingly clear that sustainable building design also plays a critical role. Controlling solar gain, for example, can greatly reduce the cooling energy consumption and lowering the peak cooling load. Having the ability to model these effects can have a substantial impact on the sizing of equipment and further reduce operational costs of a building. As a result, renewed interest has been invested by researchers and industry to promote the development and use of building simulation tools to aid in the design process. Efforts at the University of Waterloo’s Advanced Glazing Systems Laboratory have resulted in a set of shading device models, with emphasis on generality and computational efficiency, tailored for use in building simulation. These models have been validated with measurements at the component level and with measurements performed at the National Solar Test Facility (NSTF) on a full scale window system, giving confidence to model validity. Continued research has resulted in the integration of these shading device models into ESP-r via the Complex Fenestration Construction (CFC) module, capable of modelling multi-layer glazing and shading layer systems and greatly improving the value of ESP-r as a design tool. The objective of the current research was to implement shading device models for roller blinds, pleated drapes and insect screens to the CFC module. These would be in addition to the venetian blind model which had previously been established. A Monte-Carlo ray tracing analysis of pleated drape geometry and incident angle dependent fabric characteristics gave further confidence to the view factor or net reduction method used by the implemented models. On model implementation, a preliminary comparison was performed between a high-slat angle venetian blind, a roller drape and drapery fabric, all given the same material properties, with similar results. Further comparison was then performed using EnergyPlus shading device models to establish further confidence in the functionality of the models. Though there was some discrepancy between the results, primarily due to convective models, good agreement was found, and the effect of the shading device models on building performance was demonstrated. The successful implementation of roller blind, pleated drape and insect screen shading models to the CFC module in ESP-r has been demonstrated in the current research. It should also be noted that the convective models for indoor shading attachments is a worthwhile topic for further research, at which point it would then be beneficial to conduct further empirical validation on the ESP-r simulation.

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008. / Title from screen (viewed on August 27, 2009). Department of English, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Ulla Connor, Aye Nu E. Duerksen, Honnor Orlando. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-70).

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-06T10:47:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 laura_araujo_garcia_santos.pdf: 2256828 bytes, checksum: c1830193f40ba15c0f686de05bafc34c (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-06T10:48:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 laura_araujo_garcia_santos.pdf: 2256828 bytes, checksum: c1830193f40ba15c0f686de05bafc34c (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-06T10:47:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 laura_araujo_garcia_santos.pdf: 2256828 bytes, checksum: c1830193f40ba15c0f686de05bafc34c (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-06T10:48:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 laura_araujo_garcia_santos.pdf: 2256828 bytes, checksum: c1830193f40ba15c0f686de05bafc34c (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-06T10:48:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 laura_araujo_garcia_santos.pdf: 2256828 bytes, checksum: c1830193f40ba15c0f686de05bafc34c (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a estrutura da comunidade arb?rea, diversidade, riqueza e fun??es ecol?gicas das esp?cies de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. O estudo foi conduzido em uma ?rea de Reserva Legal pertencente ? empresa Anglo Ferrous Minas-Rio Minera??o S.A no munic?pio de Dom Joaquim (MG), nas coordenadas 19?00'09'' S e 43?11'38'' W e com altitude m?dia de 738m. O fragmento possui aproximadamente 105 ha e encontra-se disposto em encostas com declividades acentuadas, com pequenos cursos d??gua entre as mesmas.Foram observados sinais de impactos naturais causados pela alta intensidade dos ventos, que ocasionam quedas de ?rvores e aberturas do dossel. Para o invent?rio florestal foram alocadas trinta parcelas de 20 ? 20 m (400 m?) totalizando ?rea amostral de 1,2 hectare.Nestas foram amostrados todos os indiv?duos arb?reos com circunfer?ncia ? altura do peito (CAP) > 15,7 cm, exceto lianas e indiv?duos mortos. As esp?cies amostradas foram classificadas em quatro sistemas de guildas (dispers?o, poliniza??o, toler?ncia ? desseca??o e densidade da madeira). Foram mensurados 2056 indiv?duos distribu?dos em 156 esp?cies, 104 g?neros e 46 fam?lias.A distribui??o por classes diam?tricas dos indiv?duos da comunidade arb?rea obteve uma tend?ncia de J-invertido, comportamento esperado para florestas inequi?neas. Por?m, a an?lise para algumas esp?cies isoladas n?o possu?ram esse padr?o, fato este relacionado com a ecologia populacional de cada esp?cie ou com limita??es no recrutamento.Foi verificado um alto valor de H?, o que indica uma ?rea com diversidade relativamente alta e uma fraca domin?ncia ecol?gica de esp?cies verificada tanto pelo elevado valor de J? como pela reduzida porcentagem do somat?rio das dez principais esp?cies para todos par?metros fitossociol?gicos. No fragmento tamb?m foram levantadas esp?cies que est?o inseridas na lista das esp?cies amea?adas de extin??o do IBAMA, sendo estas Euterpe edulis, Zeyheria tuberculosa, Apuleia leiocarpa, Dalbergia nigra, Melanoxylon bra?na, Syagrus macrocarpa, Ocotea odorifera e Almeidea coerulea. Na guilda de dispers?o a ?nica s?ndrome considerada significativa foi a anemoc?rica (indiv?duos foram mais frequente que o esperado nos estratos intermedi?rio e superior), o que ocorreu devido nestes locais haver uma maior a??o do vento e aus?ncia de obst?culos. A s?ndrome de dispers?o zooc?rica, predominou em todos os estratos, por?m estatisticamente n?o houve diferen?as significativas. Este resultado parece estar fortemente relacionado ao habitat dos animais, j? que s?o nessas ?reas que a fauna encontram maior prote??o contra preda??o. Para poliniza??o tamb?m foi constatado uma domin?ncia de indiv?duos polinizados por animais em todos os estratos, por?m tamb?m sem diferen?as significativas. Esse predom?nio sugere a import?ncia do papel da fauna na garantia do fluxo g?nico. J? a guilda toler?ncia a desseca??o apresentou em todos os estratos analisados diferen?as significativas entre as categorias de toler?ncia, onde indiv?duos com sementes recalcitrantes foram mais frequente que o esperado nos estrato inferior e emergente, sugerindo que no fragmento ocorreu algum dist?rbio a m?dio prazo de tempo e que este se encontra em pleno processo de sucess?o secund?ria, j? que h? indiv?duos de sementes recalcitrantes (est?gio sucessional avan?ado) jovens que substituir?o os indiv?duos situados nos estratos superiores. Corroborando com a toler?ncia ? desseca??o, a densidade da madeira apresentou um predom?nio de indiv?duos madeira pesada (est?gio sucessional mais avan?ado) no estrato inferior, evidenciando mais uma vez a substitui??o de indiv?duos de est?gio sucessional intermedi?rio. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT This study aimed to know the structure of the tree community, the richness, diversity and ecological functions of the species in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragment. The study was conducted in a Legal Reserve area belonging to the company Anglo Ferrous Minas-Rio Minera??o S.A. in the municipality of Don Joaquim (MG), at coordinates 19? 00'09'' S and 43? 11'38'' W and average altitude of 738 m. The fragment has approximately 105 ha and is arranged on slopes with steep slopes, with small streams between them. Signs of natural impacts caused by the high intensity of the winds, which cause falling trees and canopy openings were observed. For the forest inventory were allocated thirty plots of 20 ? 20 m (400 m?) of the total sampled area of 1.2 hectare. In these, were sampled all the trees with circumference at breast height (CBH) > 15.7 centimeters, except lianas and dead individuals. Sampled species were classified into four guilds systems (dispersal, pollination, desiccation tolerance and wood density). 2056 individuals were measured, distribuite in: 156 species 104 genus and 46 families. The distribution by diameter classes of individuals of the tree community, obteined a trend of inverted-J behavior, expected for uneven aged forest. However, the analysis of some isolated species did not possess this pattern, a fact related to the population ecology of each species or the limitations in recruitment. A high value of H' was found, which indicates an area with relatively high diversity and low ecological dominance of species, verified by the high value of J' and for the small percentage of the sum of the ten major species for all phytosociological parameters. In the fragment were collected species that are also included in the list of endangered species of IBAMA, such as Euterpe edulis, Zeyheria tuberculosa, Apuleia leiocarpa, Dalbergia nigra, Melanoxylon brauna, Syagrus macrocarpa, Ocotea odorifera and Almeidea coerulea. In the dispersion guild, the only syndrome that was considered significant was the anemocoric (individuals were more frequent than expected in the intermediate and superior stratas), which occurred because these sites have a higher wind action and absence of obstacles. The zoochoric dispersion syndrome, predominated in all stratas, but statistically there were no significant differences. This result appears to be strongly related to the habitat of the animals, since these are areas that the fauna found a greater protection against predation. For pollination, have been found the predominance of individuals pollinated by animals in all strata, but also without significant differences. This predominance suggests the importance of the role of fauna in ensuring the gene flow. The guild presented desiccation tolerance in all stratas analyzed significant differences between categories of tolerance, where individuals with recalcitrant seeds were more frequent than expected in emerging and inferior strata, suggesting that in the fragment occured some disturbance in the medium and long term that this is in the process of secondary succession, since there are individuals of young recalcitrant seeds (late successional state) that will replace individuals on the superior strata. Corroborating with desiccation tolerance, the wood density showed a prevalence of individuals with heavy wood (more advanced successional stage) in the lower stratum, showing once again the replacement of individuals of intermediate successional stage.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-06T23:44:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 lelis_vaz_leite_oliveira.pdf: 2388952 bytes, checksum: 4d43bd58c8b2ec58bf2ad86b22291639 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-06T23:46:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 lelis_vaz_leite_oliveira.pdf: 2388952 bytes, checksum: 4d43bd58c8b2ec58bf2ad86b22291639 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-06T23:47:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 lelis_vaz_leite_oliveira.pdf: 2388952 bytes, checksum: 4d43bd58c8b2ec58bf2ad86b22291639 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-06T23:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 lelis_vaz_leite_oliveira.pdf: 2388952 bytes, checksum: 4d43bd58c8b2ec58bf2ad86b22291639 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Impactos ambientais comprometem direta ou indiretamente a riqueza e estrutura tr?fica da avifauna local e regional e informa??es sobre esta tem?tica s?o escassas para as forma??es do Cerrado, em especial para a o Espinha?o Meridional. Assim, este estudo busca fornecer informa??es sobre a conserva??o, endemismo e estrutura tr?fica da avifauna em forma??es sav?nicas (cerrado t?pico e cerrado rupestre), de tr?s ?reas que se encontram em diferentes est?dios de conserva??o na Serra do Espinha?o Meridional. Em cada ?rea foi pr?-estabelecido um transecto de 5 km, os quais foram visitados mensalmente. Cada uma dessas visitas teve dura??o de oito horas, totalizando 120 horas/ ?rea. Ao percorrer tais transectos, foram registradas todas as aves vistas e/ou ouvidas. Foi avaliado o status de degrada??o de cada ?rea estudada, por meio de uma matriz de impactos e a quantifica??o estrutural da paisagem foi feita por meio de ?ndices de composi??o e configura??o espacial. No Parque Estadual do Biribiri e antigo dep?sito de lixos de Diamantina (BL) foram registradas 123 esp?cies de aves distribu?das em 34 fam?lias. Para o RP foram registradas 88 esp?cies e 28 fam?lias e para a ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental Pau-de-Fruta (PF) foram registradas 76 esp?cies e 23 fam?lias. Considerando que o pior cen?rio de impactos poss?vel, no qual todos os crit?rios est?o com a maior pontua??o alcan??vel some 132, o RP atingiu 25% (33 pontos), o PF 26,5% (35 pontos) e o BL 60,6% (80 pontos). Em rela??o ? estrutura tr?fica n?o houve diferen?as significativas entre as ?reas estudadas tanto para todo o per?odo analisado (H = 5,670; p = 0,127), como para as duas esta??es seca (H = 5,436; p= 0,145) e chuvosa (H = 4,744; p = 0,191) e demonstrou um predom?nio de esp?cies inset?voras, seguidas por frug?voras e on?voras. A insetivoria foi a guilda mais predominante durante as duas esta??es em todos os ambientes estudados. Houve uma consider?vel similaridade da avifauna entre as ?reas. Os padr?es encontrados por este estudo refor?am a necessidade melhor compreens?o de ambientes antropizados, principalmente aqueles em ?reas de forma??es sav?nicas, onde a avifauna indica uma tend?ncia a apresentar maior plasticidade e amplitude ambiental. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT Environmental impacts directly or indirectly compromise the richness and trophic structure of local and regional avifauna and information on this subject are scarce for the formations of the Cerrado, especially to the southern Espinha?o. Thus, this study aims to provide information about conservation, endemism and trophic structure of the avifauna in savanna formations (typical cerrado and grasslands) of three areas that are at different stages of conservation in the southern Espinha?o. In each area was pre-established a transect of 5 km, which were visited monthly. Each of these visits lasted eight hours, totaling 120 hours/area. In such transects were recorded all birds seen and / or heard. The deterioration status of each studied by means of an array of structural impacts and quantification of the landscape area was made ??by compounding rates and spatial configuration was evaluated. In the Biribiri State Park and ancient deposit of waste from Diamantina (BL) 123 species of birds distributed in 34 families were recorded. RP for 88 species and 28 families were recorded and the Environmental Protection Area Pau-de-fruit (PF) 76 species and 23 families were recorded. . In the Biribiri State Park and ancient deposit of waste from Diamantina (BL) 123 species of birds distributed in 34 families were recorded. In the Rio Preto State Park (RP) 88 species and 28 families were recorded and at the Environmental Protection Area Pau-de-Fruta (PF) 76 species and 23 families were recorded. Whereas the worst possible impacts, where all criteria are reached with the highest score some 132, RP reached 25% (33 points), PF 26.5% (35 points) and 60.6% BL (80 points). Regarding the trophic structure there were no significant differences among the studied areas for the entire period analyzed both (H = 5.670, p = 0.127) and for the two dry seasons (H = 5.436, p = 0.145) and wet (H = 4,744 p = 0.191) and demonstrated a predominance of insectivores, followed by frugivorous and omnivorous species. The insectivorous guild was most prevalent during the two seasons in all environments studied. There was considerable similarity between the avifauna in the study areas. The patterns found in this study reinforce the need for better understanding of anthropogenic environments, especially those in areas of savanna formations where birdlife indicates a tendency to have higher plasticity and environmental amplitude.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T14:01:53Z No. of bitstreams: 5 13.pdf: 1084974 bytes, checksum: 385f250239d33b253937c1a0da7c2522 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-10T11:17:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 13.pdf: 1084974 bytes, checksum: 385f250239d33b253937c1a0da7c2522 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-10T11:17:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 13.pdf: 1084974 bytes, checksum: 385f250239d33b253937c1a0da7c2522 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a germina??o in vitro de sucupira-preta (Bowdichia virgilioides) e adaptar um procedimento b?sico de micropropaga??o para essa mesma esp?cie. Para a germina??o in vitro, sementes escarificadas e n?o escarificadas foram inoculadas em diferentes concentra??es e formula??es de meios de cultura suplementados com aditivos (PVP e carv?o ativado). Posteriormente, as plantas foram transferidas para tubetes e aclimatadas em casa de vegeta??o. Para a micropropaga??o, explantes foram inoculados em meio de cultura WPM, suplementado com concentra??es de BAP, constituindo a fase de multiplica??o. No alongamento, os tratamentos foram constitu?dos de combina??es de ANA e BAP adicionadas ao meio de cultura. Para a fase o enraizamento, brota??es foram inoculadas em meio contendo concentra??es de AIB ou combina??es dos aditivos (PVP e carv?o ativado) com concentra??es de ANA. Na aclimata??o, as plantas foram transplantadas para substrato e cobertas com saco de polietileno que foram, posteriormente, retirados, perfurados ou n?o-retirados, e mantidas em ambiente de laborat?rio, constituindo os tratamentos da pr?-aclimata??o. A aclimata??o em casa de vegeta??o foi realizada ap?s o per?odo de pr?-aclimata??o. A germina??o in vitro de sementes escarificadas de sucupira-preta foi alcan?ada utilizando-se os meios de cultura MS e WPM a 50% e ocorreu independentemente do tipo de aditivo utilizado. A aclimata??o de plantas germinadas in vitro ocorreu independentemente do hist?rico de aditivos ou meios de cultura utilizados. Durante a micropropaga??o da esp?cie, a multiplica??o foi alcan?ada utilizando-se segmentos cotiledonares e a concentra??o de 0,3 mg.L-1 de BAP adicionada ao meio. A combina??o de 0,3 mg.L-1 de ANA com 0,03 mg.L-1 de BAP promoveu o alongamento. A indu??o de ra?zes ocorre na aus?ncia de AIB ou em resposta ?s concentra??es de 0,5 e 2,5 mg.L-1. O carv?o ativado adicionado ao meio de cultura de enraizamento melhorou a qualidade das brota??es. A aclimata??o foi alcan?ada utilizando-se uma cobertura pl?stica entorno da planta. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro germination of sucupira-preta (Bowdichia virgilioides) and develop a basic micropropagation procedure for that species.? For in vitro germination seeds scarified or not scarified were inoculated at different concentrations and types of culture medium supplemented with two types of additives (PVP or activated charcoal). Subsequently, plants were transferred to tubes and acclimatized in the greenhouse.?For micropropagation, explants were inoculated in culture medium WPM supplemented with BAP being the multiplication phase.?For elongation, the treatments were combinations of BAP with ANA that were added to the medium of culture.?For rooting, shoots were inoculated in culture medium containing concentrations of AIB or combinations of additives (PVP or activated charcoal) with concentrations ANA.?For the period of acclimatization, the plants were transplanted and covered with polythene bags which were subsequently removed or not, and kept in closed environment, providing treatments for pre-acclimatization, and later, in a greenhouse constituting acclimatization.?The culture media MS and WPM 50% promoted in vitro germination of scarified seeds.?The germination of the species occurred regardless of the type of additive used.?The acclimatization of plants germinated in vitro occurred regardless of history or culture media additives used.?During the micropropagation, explants obtained from cotyledon segments and the concentration of 0,3 mg L-1 BAP added to culture medium promoted multiplication.?The combination of 0,3 mg.L-1 ANA with 0,03 mg.L-1 BAP promoted elongation.?The induction of roots occurred in absence of AIB or in response to concentrations of 0,5 and 2,5 mg L-1.?Charcoal activated added to the culture medium increased rooting quality of the shoots.?The plastic cover around the plant promoted acclimatization.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T14:01:54Z No. of bitstreams: 5 22.pdf: 6729647 bytes, checksum: f44366fe5c167abbf5a70d5f3a327722 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-10T12:46:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 22.pdf: 6729647 bytes, checksum: f44366fe5c167abbf5a70d5f3a327722 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-10T12:46:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 22.pdf: 6729647 bytes, checksum: f44366fe5c167abbf5a70d5f3a327722 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O crescimento da popula??o mundial ocasiona alta na demanda por alimentos. O processo produtivo gera importante montante de res?duos que funcionam como fontes poluidoras de ?gua, solo e ar. Anualmente s?o usados no mundo aproximadamente 2,5 milh?es de toneladas de agrot?xicos. Dentre estes se encontra o clomazone, do grupo das isoxazolidinonas, um inibidor da s?ntese de caroten?ides e altamente lixivi?vel. De acordo com a problem?tica apresentada objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a toler?ncia, por meio de avalia??es de crescimento, intoxica??o, an?lises anat?micas e de diversidade microbiana do solo, assim como a capacidade remediadora de doze esp?cies florestais nativas. Para montagem do experimento foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es. Foram feitas 3 aplica??es do herbicida clomazone com intervalos de 20 dias (aos 60, 80 e 100 dias ap?s o plantio), cada aplica??o foi correspondente ? metade da dose comercial de 2 L ha-1. Para as avalia??es de crescimento foram mensuradas a altura da planta, o di?metro do caule, o n?mero de folhas, a ?rea foliar e o ac?mulo de biomassa seca. Para as verifica??es anat?micas foram coletadas 2 folhas de cada planta sempre aos 7 dias ap?s a aplica??o do herbicida, nas duas primeiras aplica??es. Por meio de avalia??es micromorfom?tricas foram medidas na sec??o transversal das folhas das esp?cies florestais, a espessura e a ?rea ocupada pelos tecidos: epiderme adaxial e abaxial, par?nquima pali??dico e par?nquima lacunoso. Para estimativa de intoxica??o pelas plantas testadas, avaliou-se o efeito do produto por meio de notas de toxicidade. Para verifica??o de capacidade fitorremediadora das esp?cies arb?reas procedeu-se a semeadura da esp?cie indicadora sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) para indicativo do res?duo do herbicida no solo. Posteriormente em amostras de solo provenientes do experimento procedeu-se a an?lise de T-RFLP com intuito de caracterizar a diversidade microbiana presente. As esp?cies florestais sobreviveram ? aplica??o de clomazone, sendo que I. marginata, C. ferrea e S. brasiliensis apresentaram maior toler?ncia ao herbicida em rela??o ?s an?lise de crescimento, seguidas de S. parahyba, H. serratifolius repetindo-se I. marginata para avalia??es da integridade anat?mica. No entanto, n?o foi verificado, nas condi??es do experimento, remedia??o do solo para a maioria das esp?cies testadas. Contudo plantas de sorgo tiveram crescimento normal quando cultivadas em solo onde antes havia I. marginata. Os resultados de T-RFLP confirmaram a diversidade microbiana diferenciada associada a rizosfera de I. marginata. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012.