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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The Impact of a Goal Setting Procedure on the Work Performance of Young Adults with Behavioral/Emotional/Learning Challenges

Hogsholm, Robin Wagner 06 July 2004 (has links)
The population consisting of young people with Behavioral/Emotional/Learning challenges typically experiences poorer outcomes related to employment, in part due to lower performance levels. Effective strategies, which have a positive impact on work performance for this population, are needed. Goal setting has been used to bring about behavior change, or increase 'motivation', in many fields of study. Goal setting can be conceptualized as an establishing operation (EO), which increases the reinforcing value of goal achievement, and thereby increases the probability of the occurrence of behaviors related to reaching the goal, i.e., task completion. This study empirically examined the impact of a goal setting procedure on work-related behaviors through the use of a singlecase experimental design, to detect the individual results of the goal setting intervention, which included the manipulation of environmental events to explain behavior change, or 'motivation'. It was hypothesized that the goal setting procedure would have a positive impact on work performance for these young people with challenges in a work-type setting. Results showed that the goal setting procedure did have a positive impact on the work performance of both participants, especially when additional prompts were included in the goal setting procedure. Although goal setting may serve as an EO, the goal setting procedure, which included additional elements such as prompts and feedback, seemed to be more effective.
2

The role of choice versus preference: An analysis of why choice interventions work

Adelinis, John D 01 June 2005 (has links)
Previous research has shown that providing students with the opportunity to choose the type of academic assignment could reduce a variety of problem behavior. However, procedural limitations of previous research prevent definitive conclusions regarding the mechanism by which choice interventions effect behavioral change. Furthermore, because research related to choice interventions has been limited primarily to children with developmental and emotional disabilities, the generality of such interventions is unclear. Therefore, the current study set out to extend the efforts of previous researchers by attempting to further isolate the mechanism by which choice procedures produce improved behavioral performance and attempted to further assess the generality of choice procedures by examining its effects on the behavior (e.g., maladaptive behavior, on-task behavior, academic performance) of a population (i.e., typically developing adolescent youth) not frequently targeted.
3

Operação estabelecedora condicionada substituta: uma demonstração experimental / Surrogate conditioned establishing operation: an experimental demonstration

Pereira, Mateus Brasileiro Reis 30 May 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mateus Brasileiro Reis Pereira.pdf: 705229 bytes, checksum: 5b0732a7967c85e3c69a7a817787084e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-30 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / Establishing operations (EO`s) are environmental events defined by two of their effects: establishing the effect of a consequence as a reinforcement or a punisher and altering the frequency of any response that, in the past, was related to it. The EO`s are divided in unconditioned and conditioned, being the last ones classified in three different types: surrogate CEO, reflexive CEO, transitive CEO. A lot has recently been published about the importance of establishing operations to Applied Behavior Analysis. However, there is little basic research in the field, especially concerning the surrogate CEO. This work had the objective of demonstrating this EO empirically. For this purpose, experiments were conducted using 8 male Wistar rats, a standard equipment (living cages and experimental box) and a mechanism with seven light spots that would supposedly function as the surrogate CEO. The experimental design involved five phases: (1) determining the subjects` free feeding weight; (2) reducing the amount of food the subjects could eat per day until they would remain at about 80% to 85% of their free feeding weight, concomitantly with the procedure to establish the surrogate CEO; (3) shaping the bar press response and implementing the VI 60 s schedule; (4) exposing the subjects to three different deprivation conditions (named minimum, moderate and maximum); (5) testing the surrogate CEO with the six subjects that had completed phase 4. The main results obtained were: a) in relation to the exposure of the subjects to the three different deprivation conditions, the subjects` weights and number of responses emitted per session were affected by them. In general, along the minimum deprivation condition, higher weights and lower number of responses per session were obtained, in comparison with the other conditions; whereas along the maximum deprivation condition, lower weights and higher number of responses were emitted; finally, along the moderate deprivation condition, intermediate results between the two other conditions were obtained; b) in relation to the surrogate CEO tests, data suggest that, at least for four of the six subjects, the mechanism showed (in some of the configurations used in the experimental sessions) effects of a surrogate conditioned establishing operation, which are more visible in lower deprivation conditions (the minimum and moderation conditions) / As operações estabelecedoras (OE´s) são eventos ambientais definidas por dois de seus efeitos: elas estabelecem a eficácia reforçadora/punidora de uma conseqüência e alteram a freqüência de qualquer resposta que, no passado, esteve relacionada a ela. As OE´s são divididas em incondicionadas e condicionadas, sendo que as últimas são classificadas em três tipos diferentes: OEC substituta, OEC reflexiva, OEC transitiva. Muito se tem publicado recentemente sobre a importância das operações estabelecedoras para a análise aplicada do comportamento. Entretanto, existe uma escassez de pesquisas básicas na área, especialmente sobre OEC substituta. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, realizar uma demonstração empírica deste tipo de OE. Para tanto foram realizados experimentos com 8 ratos machos da raça Wistar, utilizando-se equipamento padrão (caixas-viveiro e caixa experimental) e um mecanismo com sete pontos luminosos que deveria, supostamente, funcionar como a OEC substituta. O delineamento experimental envolveu cinco fases: (1) determinação do peso ad lib dos sujeitos; (2) redução da quantidade diária de alimento até que os sujeitos tivessem atingido de 80% a 85% de seu peso ad lib, concomitantemente com o procedimento para estabelecer a OEC substituta; (3) modelagem da resposta de pressão à barra e implementação de esquema VI 60 s; (4) exposição dos sujeitos a três diferentes condições de privação (chamadas de mínima, moderada e máxima); (5) testes da OEC substituta com os seis sujeitos que terminaram a fase 4. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: a) com relação à exposição dos sujeitos às três diferentes condições de privação, verificou-se os efeitos produzidos por elas sobre o peso dos sujeitos e o número de respostas emitidas por sessão, sendo que, de uma maneira geral, observou-se, na condição de privação mínima, pesos maiores e um menor número de respostas por sessão do que nas outras duas condições, na condição de privação máxima, pesos menores e um maior número de respostas emitidas e, na condição de privação moderada, resultados intermediários entre os das outras duas condições; b) com relação aos testes da OEC substituta, os dados sugerem que, para pelo menos quatro dos seis sujeitos, o mecanismo luminoso apresentou (em algumas das configurações de luzes utilizadas nas sessões experimentais) efeitos de uma operação estabelecedora condicionada substituta, e que estes efeitos são mais visíveis em condições de privação mais amenas (condições mínima e moderada)
4

A função de operação estabelecedora condicionada transitiva de estímulos verbais e não verbais: uma análise experimental / Transitive conditioned establishing operation function of verbal and non-verbal stimuli: an experimental analysis

Veiga, Dhayana Inthamoussu 23 February 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dhayana Inthamoussu Veiga.pdf: 983895 bytes, checksum: c91e662987db64459c6afe5fc56b6e33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / The purpose of the present study was to verify if verbal stimuli could exert the function of transitive conditioned establishing operation (TCEO) and if the establishment of the TCEO function would differ between verbal stimuli probably produced by different histories of reinforcement (tacting / manding / autoclitic relations) and would differ between verbal and non verbal stimuli. The participants were 15 female and 4 male (between 18 and 24 years old). A software managed the presentation of the task and the manipulation of the operative contingencies. The task was presented as a game, similar to a slot machine, in which a mouse and a joystick were used to produce points which could be exchanged by an amount of money. The experimental design was based in Ravagnani (2004) and consisted of: a preliminary phase (discrimination and chaining) and Phases 1, 2 and 3. The purpose of Phase 1 was to establish a TCEO, with one word ( press , fruits or don t press ), a pseudo-word ( tabilu ) or an abstract image (╣╣╣╣╣╣╣╣╣). The TCEO was established through the following contingency: in the presence of one of the five stimuli the first instance of the response should be emitted and once the VR12 was completed the color of a circle was changed from grey to green during 3 seconds. In the presence of the Green circle the response of pulling the joystick s handle produced one point. If the first response instance was emitted in the absence of the presumed TCEO the completion of the VR12 would produce the color change of the circle, however, the response of pulling the joystick s handle would not produce points. Phase 2 had the aim to observe the possible effects of the non changing color of the circle as a consequence for the of completion of the VR12 on the behavioral chain. In this phase, all VR12 started either in the presence or in the absence of the presumed TCEO did not produce the 3 sec color change in the circle, which was grey. However, pulling the joystick s handle during the first three sec immediately subsequent to the VR12 completion (started in the presence of the presumed TCEO) produced points. On Phase 3, contingencies identical to those of Phase 1 were operative with the purpose to verify if the changes in the behavior of the participants possibly observed during Phase 2 would remain. Phase 1 results indicate that, for 16 of 19 participants the TCEO was established, despite the stimuli utilized. For 13 of these 16 participants, results clearly showed that the conditioned reinforcer omission produced behavioral changes which indicate extinction process. It suggests that the green circle exerted conditioned reinforce function, established by the TCEO. Phase 3 results show that the behavioral chain was sistematically completed by all 16 participants. Some evidence of differences between the effects produced by the different stimuli established as TCEO during Phase 1 were observed. However this study could not verify the establishment of systematic relations / O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se estímulos verbais podem exercer função de operação estabelecedora condicionada transitiva (OECT) e se o estabelecimento da função de OECT diferiria entre estímulos verbais provavelmente produzidos por diferentes histórias de reforçamento (relações de mando/tato/autoclíticas) e entre estímulos verbais e não verbais. Participaram 15 mulheres e 4 homens (18 a 24 anos). Um software gerenciou a apresentação da tarefa e a manipulação das contingências em vigor. A tarefa foi apresentada no formato de um jogo, semelhante a um caça-níqueis, em que se utilizava mouse e joystick para produzir pontos, trocados por uma quantia em dinheiro. O delineamento experimental foi elaborado a partir de Ravagnani (2004) e consistiu em: Fase Preliminar (discriminação e encadeamento) e Fases 1, 2 e 3. A Fase 1 tinha por objetivo estabelecer uma OECT, que poderia ser uma palavra ( pressione , frutas ou não pressione ), uma pseudo-palavra ( tabilu ) ou uma figura abstrata (╣╣╣╣╣╣╣╣╣). O estabelecimento da OECT era feito a partir da seguinte contingência: na presença de um dos cinco estímulos, a primeira resposta de uma VR12 deveria ser emitida quando, então, completada a VR12, a cor de um círculo era alterada de cinza para verde durante 3 segundos. Na presença do círculo verde, a resposta de puxar a alavanca do joystick produzia um ponto. Caso a primeira resposta da VR12 fosse emitida na ausência da suposta OECT, a finalização da VR12 produzia a alteração da cor do círculo, contudo, a resposta de puxar a alavanca na presença do círculo verde não produzia ponto. A Fase 2 teve como objetivo observar os possíveis efeitos na cadeia de respostas da não alteração da cor do círculo como conseqüência das VR12 completadas. As VR12 iniciadas tanto na presença como na ausência da suposta OECT não produziram a alteração de 3 segundos na cor círculo, permanecendo cinza. Contudo, puxar a alavanca durante os 3 segundos imediatamente depois de completadas as VR12 (iniciadas na presença da suposta OECT) produziam ponto. Na Fase 3, contingências idênticas àquelas da Fase 1 estiveram em vigor com o objetivo de verificar se as mudanças no responder dos participantes possivelmente observadas na Fase 2 seriam mantidas. Os resultados na Fase 1 indicaram que, para 16 de 19 participantes, a OECT foi estabelecida, a despeito do tipo de estímulo utilizado. Para 13 destes 16 participantes, os resultados da Fase 2 mostram de forma clara que a omissão do reforçador condicionado produziu alterações comportamentais indicadoras do processo de extinção, o que sugere que círculo verde exerceu função de reforçador condicionado, cujo valor era estabelecido pela apresentação da OECT. Os resultados relativos à Fase 3 mostram que a cadeia foi sistematicamente completada por todos os 16 participantes. Alguns indícios de diferenças entre os efeitos produzidos pelos estímulos estabelecidos como OECT durante a Fase 1 foram encontrados. Contudo, por meio deste estudo não foi possível verificar relações que tenham se estabelecido sistematicamente

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