Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-12-14T17:10:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2187496 bytes, checksum: 2627159f5e7507c30f0d51b8fbd7e973 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-14T17:10:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2187496 bytes, checksum: 2627159f5e7507c30f0d51b8fbd7e973 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar se há diferenças nas habilidades de antecipação, tomada de decisão (TD) e nas estratégias de busca visual (BV) de acordo com a Eficiência do Comportamento Tático (ECT) em jogadores de futebol com similar tempo de prática deliberada. Foram avaliados 90 jogadores de futebol masculinos das categorias de base de clubes de Minas Gerais com média de idade de 14±1,06 anos e tempo de prática deliberada em média 5,12 ± 2,7 anos. Para a coleta de dados recorreu-se a utilização do FUT-SAT para avaliação da ECT, testes de simulações de vídeo para avaliar a antecipação e TD, e a utilização do Mobile Eye Tracking-XG para avaliação das estratégias de BV. Os jogadores avaliados foram divididos em grupos, mais eficientes e menos eficientes taticamente. Para a avaliação da antecipação e tomada de decisão, utilizaram-se as seguintes medidas: acertos da ação, acertos da direção da ação e pontuação total do teste. Para a avaliação das estratégias de BV utilizou-se: número de fixação, duração, locais de preferência para a fixação e movimentos sacádicos. No primeiro artigo o objetivo foi verificar se há diferenças na antecipação e nas estratégias de BV entre os grupos. Os resultados sugerem que as estratégias de BV e antecipação se diferenciam entre os grupos. Os jogadores mais eficientes taticamente são melhores na antecipação e realizam maior número de fixações visuais de curta duração, preferencialmente no portador da bola e na bola, em comparação aos jogadores menos eficientes taticamente. No segundo artigo o objetivo foi verificar se há diferenças na TD e nas estratégias de BV entre os grupos. Os resultados sugerem que a TD e estratégias de BV se diferenciam entre os grupos. Os jogadores mais eficientes taticamente são melhores na TD com maior número de fixações visuais de curta duração, preferencialmente nos jogadores adversários em comparação aos jogadores menos eficientes. Portanto, conclui-se que em relação à ECT em jogadores de futebol com similar tempo de prática deliberada, há diferenças na antecipação, na TD e nas estratégias de BV. / The present study aimed to verify if the anticipation, decision-making, and visual search strategies differ according to tactical behavior efficiency between soccer players with similar deliberate practice in soccer. We assessed 90 youth male soccer players from Minas Gerais’ clubs with mean age of 14 ± 1.06 years and average deliberate practice time of 5,12 ± 2,7 years. Data were collected throught FUT-SAT for assessment of tactical behavior efficiency, video simulations tests to examine anticipation and decision making, and the Mobile Eye-XG to analysis of visual search strategies. The soccer players evaluated were grouped into two categories: More and Less Tactically Efficient. For assessment of anticipation and decision making, we resorted to the following measures: correct actions, correct actions directions and total test score. For the assessment of visual search strategies we used the following measures: number of fixations, duration, fixation locations and saccadic movements. In the first paper the aim was to verify if the anticipation and visual search strategies differ into the groups. The results suggest that the anticipation and visual search strategies differ between the groups. The Tactically More Efficient soccer players are better in anticipating and employ a higher number of fixations and short term fixations, preferably on the player in possession, in comparison with Tactically Less Efficient soccer players. In the second paper the aim was to verify if the decision-making and visual search strategies differ into the groups. Results suggest that decision-making and visual search strategies differ between the groups. The Tactically More Efficient soccer players have better decision-making and employ a higher number of fixations and short term fixations, preferably on opposite soccer players, in comparison to the Tactically Less Efficient players. Therefore, it is concluded that in relation to tactical behavior efficiency of soccer players with similar deliberate practice, there are differences in anticipation, decision-making and visual search strategies.

AMOR, T. M. A. Characterizing and modeling visual persistence, search strategies and fixation times. 2017. 114 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Pós-Graduação em Física (posgrad@fisica.ufc.br) on 2017-04-05T18:55:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11 TESE - TATIANA MARIA ALONSO AMOR.pdf: 24328367 bytes, checksum: bd1f8abe088f435a872eae56fc9eede0 (MD5) / Rejected by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com), reason: Boa tarde Ana cleide, Fiz algumas alterações. Só não consegui deletar o arquivo anexado a fim de renomeá-lo. Isto porque o arquivo,conforme as orientações daquele guia, deverá ter a seguimte nomenclatura: 2017_tese_tmaamor O co-orientador é aquele que está no registro? Pergunto isso porque procurei o nome no trabalho e não localizei. Estou concluindo o manual e já lhe envio. on 2017-04-05T19:39:41Z (GMT) / Submitted by Pós-Graduação em Física (posgrad@fisica.ufc.br) on 2017-04-07T16:49:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11 TESE - TATIANA MARIA ALONSO AMOR.pdf: 24328367 bytes, checksum: bd1f8abe088f435a872eae56fc9eede0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com) on 2017-04-07T18:13:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 11 TESE - TATIANA MARIA ALONSO AMOR.pdf: 24328367 bytes, checksum: bd1f8abe088f435a872eae56fc9eede0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T18:13:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11 TESE - TATIANA MARIA ALONSO AMOR.pdf: 24328367 bytes, checksum: bd1f8abe088f435a872eae56fc9eede0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / To gather information from the world around us, we move our eyes constantly. In different occasions we find ourselves performing visual searches, such as trying to find someone in a crowd or a book in a shelf. While searching, our eyes “jump” from one location to another giving rise to a wide repertoire of patterns, exhibiting distinctive persistent behaviors. Initially, by focusing on saccadic directions and intersaccadic angles, we disclose that the probability distributions of these measures show a clear preference of participants towards a reading-like mechanism (geometrical persistence), whose features and potential advantages for searching/foraging are discussed.We then perform a Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) over the time series of jump magnitudes in the eye trajectory and find that it exhibits a typical multifractal behavior arising from the sequential combination of saccades and fixations. By inspecting the time series composed of only fixational movements, our results reveal instead a monofractal behavior with a Hurst exponent H ∼ 0.7, which indicates the presence of long-range power-law positive correlations (statistical persistence). Motivated by the experimental findings from the study of the distribution of the intersaccadic angles, we developed a simple visual search model that quantifies the wide variety of possible search strategies. From our experiments we know that when searching a target within an image our brain can adopt different strategies. The question then is which one does it choose? We present a simple two-parameter visual search model (VSM) based on a persistent random walk and the experimental inter-saccadic angle distribution. The model captures the basic observed visual search strategies that range from systematic or reading-like to completely random. We compare the results of the model to the experimental data by measuring the space-filling efficiency of the searches. Within the parameter space of the model, we are able to quantify the strategies used by different individuals for three searching tasks and show how the average search strategy changes along these three groups. Even though participants tend to explore a vast range of parameters, when all the items are placed on a regular lattice, participants are more likely to perform a systematic search, whereas in a more complex field, the search trajectories resemble a random walk. In this way we can discern with high sensitivity the relation between the visual landscape and the average strategy, disclosing how small variations in the image induce strategy changes. Finally, we move beyond visual search and study the fixation time distributions across different visual tasks. Fixation times are commonly associated to some cognitive process, as it is in this instances where most of the visual information is gathered. However, the distribution for the fixation durations exhibits certain similarities across a wide range of visual tasks and foveated species. We studied how similar these distributions are, and found that, even though they share some common properties, such as similar mean values, most of them are statistically different. Because fixations durations can be controlled by two different mechanisms: cognitive or ocular, we focus our research into finding a model for the fixation times distribution flexible enough to capture the observed behaviors in experiments that tested these concepts. At the same time, the candidate function to model the distribution needs to be the response of some very robust inner mechanism found in all the aforementioned scenarios. Hence, we discuss the idea of a model based on the microsacaddic inter event time statistics, resulting in the sum of Gamma distributions, each of these related to the presence of a distinctive number of microsaccades in a fixation. / To gather information from the world around us, we move our eyes constantly. In different occasions we find ourselves performing visual searches, such as trying to find someone in a crowd or a book in a shelf. While searching, our eyes “jump” from one location to another giving rise to a wide repertoire of patterns, exhibiting distinctive persistent behaviors. Initially, by focusing on saccadic directions and intersaccadic angles, we disclose that the probability distributions of these measures show a clear preference of participants towards a reading-like mechanism (geometrical persistence), whose features and potential advantages for searching/foraging are discussed.We then perform a Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) over the time series of jump magnitudes in the eye trajectory and find that it exhibits a typical multifractal behavior arising from the sequential combination of saccades and fixations. By inspecting the time series composed of only fixational movements, our results reveal instead a monofractal behavior with a Hurst exponent H ∼ 0.7, which indicates the presence of long-range power-law positive correlations (statistical persistence). Motivated by the experimental findings from the study of the distribution of the intersaccadic angles, we developed a simple visual search model that quantifies the wide variety of possible search strategies. From our experiments we know that when searching a target within an image our brain can adopt different strategies. The question then is which one does it choose? We present a simple two-parameter visual search model (VSM) based on a persistent random walk and the experimental inter-saccadic angle distribution. The model captures the basic observed visual search strategies that range from systematic or reading-like to completely random. We compare the results of the model to the experimental data by measuring the space-filling efficiency of the searches. Within the parameter space of the model, we are able to quantify the strategies used by different individuals for three searching tasks and show how the average search strategy changes along these three groups. Even though participants tend to explore a vast range of parameters, when all the items are placed on a regular lattice, participants are more likely to perform a systematic search, whereas in a more complex field, the search trajectories resemble a random walk. In this way we can discern with high sensitivity the relation between the visual landscape and the average strategy, disclosing how small variations in the image induce strategy changes. Finally, we move beyond visual search and study the fixation time distributions across different visual tasks. Fixation times are commonly associated to some cognitive process, as it is in this instances where most of the visual information is gathered. However, the distribution for the fixation durations exhibits certain similarities across a wide range of visual tasks and foveated species. We studied how similar these distributions are, and found that, even though they share some common properties, such as similar mean values, most of them are statistically different. Because fixations durations can be controlled by two different mechanisms: cognitive or ocular, we focus our research into finding a model for the fixation times distribution flexible enough to capture the observed behaviors in experiments that tested these concepts. At the same time, the candidate function to model the distribution needs to be the response of some very robust inner mechanism found in all the aforementioned scenarios. Hence, we discuss the idea of a model based on the microsacaddic inter event time statistics, resulting in the sum of Gamma distributions, each of these related to the presence of a distinctive number of microsaccades in a fixation.

Esta pesquisa apresenta o desenvolvimento de método de busca e recuperação de informações em bases de dados especializadas para produção do conhecimento científico na área da Saúde, com ênfase na Saúde Baseada em Evidências. Recorremos, neste trabalho, a diferentes metodologias considerando as especificidades de cada etapa: pesquisa exploratória, método hipotético dedutivo e estudo de caso empírico qualitativo. Mobilizamos os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Ciência da Informação e da Saúde nos domínios da Organização e Recuperação da Informação e do Conhecimento, Web Semântica, Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Metodologia Científica, assim como realizamos dois experimentos: estudo de caso em Ortopedia e Traumatologia no sentido de identificar e estabelecer critérios para busca, recuperação, organização e seleção de informações de modo que possam integrar parte da metodologia de trabalhos científicos na área da Saúde; e análise dos tipos de busca e recuperação e dos mapeamentos entre Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento (SOC) propostos no Metatesauro no escopo da Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) da US National Library of Medicine e no BioPortal da National Center for Biomedical Ontology, ambos na área biomédica. O UMLS disponibiliza acesso a 151 SOC, e o BioPortal, um conjunto de 302 ontologias. Apresentam-se propostas para construção de estratégias de busca com uso de Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento mapeados e interoperados, bem como para realização de pesquisas bibliográficas para elaboração de trabalhos científicos na área da Saúde. / This research presents the development of method for search and information retrieval in specialized databases aiming the production of scientific knowledge in healthcare, with emphasis on Evidence-Based Health. We have used, in this work, different techniques considering the specificities of each stage: exploratory research, hypothetical deductive method and qualitative empirical case study. It mobilizes the theoretical and methodological foundations in Information Science and Health, appling them to areas as knowledge organization and information retrieval, Semantic Web, Evidence-Based Health and Scientific Methodology. Two experiments were performed: a case study in Orthopedics and Traumatology in order to identify and establish criterions for search, retrieval, organization and selection of information, so that these criterions can integrate part of the methodology of scientific work in healthcare; and analysis of kinds of search and retrieval and mappings on Knowledge Organization Systems-KOS available in Metathesaurus, considering the scope of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), and in the BioPortal National Center for Biomedical Ontology, both in the biomedical field. The UMLS provides access to 151 KOS, and the BioPortal provides a set of 302 ontologies. We presented proposals for construction of search strategies by using Knowledge Organization System mapped and interoperate as well as for conducting literature searches for preparation of scientific papers in healthcare.

Esta pesquisa apresenta o desenvolvimento de método de busca e recuperação de informações em bases de dados especializadas para produção do conhecimento científico na área da Saúde, com ênfase na Saúde Baseada em Evidências. Recorremos, neste trabalho, a diferentes metodologias considerando as especificidades de cada etapa: pesquisa exploratória, método hipotético dedutivo e estudo de caso empírico qualitativo. Mobilizamos os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Ciência da Informação e da Saúde nos domínios da Organização e Recuperação da Informação e do Conhecimento, Web Semântica, Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Metodologia Científica, assim como realizamos dois experimentos: estudo de caso em Ortopedia e Traumatologia no sentido de identificar e estabelecer critérios para busca, recuperação, organização e seleção de informações de modo que possam integrar parte da metodologia de trabalhos científicos na área da Saúde; e análise dos tipos de busca e recuperação e dos mapeamentos entre Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento (SOC) propostos no Metatesauro no escopo da Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) da US National Library of Medicine e no BioPortal da National Center for Biomedical Ontology, ambos na área biomédica. O UMLS disponibiliza acesso a 151 SOC, e o BioPortal, um conjunto de 302 ontologias. Apresentam-se propostas para construção de estratégias de busca com uso de Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento mapeados e interoperados, bem como para realização de pesquisas bibliográficas para elaboração de trabalhos científicos na área da Saúde. / This research presents the development of method for search and information retrieval in specialized databases aiming the production of scientific knowledge in healthcare, with emphasis on Evidence-Based Health. We have used, in this work, different techniques considering the specificities of each stage: exploratory research, hypothetical deductive method and qualitative empirical case study. It mobilizes the theoretical and methodological foundations in Information Science and Health, appling them to areas as knowledge organization and information retrieval, Semantic Web, Evidence-Based Health and Scientific Methodology. Two experiments were performed: a case study in Orthopedics and Traumatology in order to identify and establish criterions for search, retrieval, organization and selection of information, so that these criterions can integrate part of the methodology of scientific work in healthcare; and analysis of kinds of search and retrieval and mappings on Knowledge Organization Systems-KOS available in Metathesaurus, considering the scope of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), and in the BioPortal National Center for Biomedical Ontology, both in the biomedical field. The UMLS provides access to 151 KOS, and the BioPortal provides a set of 302 ontologies. We presented proposals for construction of search strategies by using Knowledge Organization System mapped and interoperate as well as for conducting literature searches for preparation of scientific papers in healthcare.