The last fifty years have seen a turn in the Catholic Church's public attitude toward capital punishment. From openly defending the right of the state to kill malefactors, the Church has become an outspoken opponent. What accounts for this? How can it be reconciled with Catholic tradition? Should the current teaching be called a 'development of doctrine'? Can we expect further change? These questions shape this thesis. The work is divided into three parts comprising a total of eight chapters. Part I undertakes a detailed exegesis of the death penalty teaching of the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1997). I conclude that the text, while not explicitly stating that the death penalty is in itself wrong, lays down premises which when carried to their logical conclusions, yield just such a conclusion. This conclusion is checked and confirmed by the fundamental moral reasoning found in the papal encyclicals Evangelium Vitae and Veritatis Splendor. In light of this conclusion (what I call the new position), Part II asks the question: may the Church, constrained by sound biblical interpretation and dogmatic tradition, legitimately teach in a definitive way that capital punishment is per se wrong? This is a question which concerns the development of doctrine. Before it can be answered the Church's traditional teaching needs to be precisely formulated so that it can be placed in juxtaposition to the new teaching. An analysis of statements throughout ecclesiastical history is therefore undertaken and what we might call the cumulative consensus of ecclesiastical writers on capital punishment is formulated. The authoritative nature of this teaching is analyzed to determine what kinds of developments it admits and excludes. Judging its nature admits of a development like the one described in Part I, models are proposed to explain modes by which it might be understood to be developing. Finally, a systematic and philosophically consistent account of the new position is proposed and its implications for other teachings in the Church's tradition of 'justifiable violence' is examined.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-07T22:23:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Romulo_G_Santos_2017.pdf: 1198545 bytes, checksum: acc45174579465b43cda8d2c3252506b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-07T22:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romulo_G_Santos_2017.pdf: 1198545 bytes, checksum: acc45174579465b43cda8d2c3252506b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-24 / In this reflection on the despair in human existence, a way of living that does not annul what man is, spirit, synthesis, was asked and proposed, but he established it in the direction of the transcendent - God. The risk of inauthenticity, however, was made explicit, provoking in the individual the feeling of despair, which becomes more serious the more he withdraws from his self and consecutively from his Author. But it was also spoken of a man inattentive and, however noticeable and clear the signs of transcendence are, it seems that he does not see them, or because of the values exchanged between the temporal and the eternal, he ends up deceiving himself and distancing himself from his Me, becoming a desperate. / Nessa reflexão sobre o desespero na existência humana, perguntou-se e foi proposta uma forma de se viver que não anula o que o homem é, espírito, síntese, mas, firma-o em direção ao transcendente - Deus. Ficou explícito, entretanto o risco da inautenticidade, provocando no indivíduo o sentimento do desespero, que se torna mais grave quanto mais se afasta do seu eu e consecutivamente de seu Autor. Mas também se falou de um homem desatento e, por mais perceptível e claro que sejam os sinais da transcendência, parece que não os vê, ou devido aos valores trocados entre o temporal e o eterno, acaba enganando-se e distanciando-se de seu eu, tornando-se um desesperado.

Although culture and subcultural norms have been subjected to increased scrutiny in recent years as explanatory constructs for various dimensions of consumer behaviours, religion as a subsystem of culture has received only slight attention in the marketing literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the religious influences on some selected aspects of consumer behaviour. Utilising consumer behaviour model of retail patronage as a framework, religious influences on the following aspects of consumer behaviour were examined: lifestyle, use of information source, shopping orientation, store attribute importance and store patronage. Consistent with previous research, religion was viewed from two different perspectives namely religious affiliation and religiosity. Religious affiliation is the adherence of individuals to a particular religious group while religiosity, or religious commitment, is the degree in which beliefs in specific religious values and ideals are espoused and practiced by an individual. Fieldwork for this study was carried out in Malaysia where the populace contains sizable percentages of adherents to four of the world’s leading religions, namely Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity. The research data was collected by means of a survey through personal interviews with a structured questionnaire. Out of three hundred respondents targeted, two hundred and twenty-six questionnaires were deemed usable for statistical analysis. Statistical tests were calculated using statistical procedures of SPSS version 11.5. The main statistical techniques used include exploratory factor analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings indicated significant differences between religious affiliation groups in the areas of lifestyle, store attributes and store patronage. Significant differences between religiosity groups were also revealed in the areas of lifestyle, information source, shopping orientation and importance of store attributes. The usefulness of religious variables was further tested using multiple linear regression analysis with demographics and lifestyles were entered as extraneous variables. Results indicated that when the effect of other predictor variables were explicitly controlled (i.e. held constant) during the regression analysis, religious affiliation appeared to influence the perceived importance of store attributes. Intrapersonal religiosity, when controlling for the effect of other predictor variables, appeared to influence the use of information source, shopping orientation and perceived importance of store attributes. Similarly, interpersonal religiosity, when controlling for the effect of other predictor variables, was found to influence the use of information source, shopping orientation and importance of store attributes. Overall, findings indicated that consumer religiosity, as compared to religious affiliation, was more useful in predicting aspects of retail patronage activities. Thus it is suggested that religiosity variable should be given consideration in future patronage behaviour model building and research efforts. The implications of these results for theories of consumer behaviour along with the practical implications of the findings were discussed and opportunities for future research were provided.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-06-28T14:15:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MAIARA RUBIA MIGUEL.pdf: 1427408 bytes, checksum: 61a34cc9b9b1c406fb22ca38bbfb9af8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T14:15:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MAIARA RUBIA MIGUEL.pdf: 1427408 bytes, checksum: 61a34cc9b9b1c406fb22ca38bbfb9af8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-12 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas / This study aims to analyze the influences that a religious model has on a religious community, stablishing a correlation between Max Scheler?s conception of religious model, ethical progress and religious experience with the bible text Sermon on Mount, specially, the Antitheses (Mt 5, 17-48) and the Lord?s Prayer ritual orientation. With this purpose, in this study is made a research to identify the religious model from Matthew?s community to understand the powerful influence to the construction of the meanings in the social world of this community. This study was possible approaching Max Scheler?s phenomenological works to contextualize the religious model, religious experience and ethical progress concepts. As well as, it was necessary to go deep in historical, social and exegetical aspects from Matthew?s bible text. It was necessary to enable the correlation method associated to the Matthew?s bible text phenomenological analyses to apply Scheler?s horizon to the bible reality, to answer what is the relation between a religious model and religious experience in the community from the Matthew?s bible text. / O presente trabalho tem o prop?sito de analisar as for?as de influ?ncia que o modelo religioso exerce em uma comunidade religiosa. Isso se fundamenta a partir da correla??o estabelecida entre a conceitua??o de modelo religioso, progresso ?tico e experi?ncia religiosa ao mundo social apreendido do texto b?blico o Serm?o da Montanha. A an?lise ter? como objeto a releitura do texto o Serm?o da Montanha, localizado no Evangelho de Mateus, em espec?fico, as Ant?teses (Mt 5.17-48) e a orienta??o ritual?stica do Pai-Nosso (Mt 6.5-15), ? luz do pensamento de Max Scheler. Partindo desse prop?sito, busca-se identificar o modelo religioso da comunidade mateana e compreender a for?a de influ?ncia desse modelo nos significados do mundo social dessa comunidade. O arcabou?o conceitual foi constru?do tendo como base obras do per?odo fenomenol?gico de Max Scheler para contextualiza??o dos conceitos de modelo religioso, progresso ?tico e experi?ncia religiosa. Foi necess?ria a constru??o de uma abordagem cr?tica dos aspectos hist?ricos, sociais e exeg?ticos da per?cope mateana. Por isso, foi poss?vel, a partir do m?todo da correla??o associado ? an?lise fenomenol?gica do Evangelho de Mateus, aplicar o horizonte conceitual scheleriano ? realidade dos vers?culos b?blicos, a fim de responder qual a rela??o entre modelo religioso e experi?ncia religiosa da comunidade mateana.

The Catholic Church is one of the largest providers of medical care in the US, with 1 in 6 acute-care beds residing in a Catholic hospital. One third of these hospitals are in rural or underserved areas in the US, and advocacy for the vulnerable is a central platform of the Catholic Healthcare Association. Despite this, the Church has been under attack for allegedly putting women at risk of injury or death due to the care restrictions concerning reproductive health stipulated in the Ethical and Religious Directives (ERDs). Additionally, scholars are questioning the distinctiveness of the Catholic healthcare mission in practice, pointing to the increased homogenization of Catholic and non-Catholic hospitals. For these reasons, it is necessary to assess if and how women are being harmed in Catholic hospitals and, if there is harm being done, if there is a way to prevent these harms while preserving the Catholic Social Tradition in medicine. In carrying out this assessment, I read the current literature closely to explore both the origins and the practical consequences of these ethical conflicts. Subsequently, I use Chris Durante's "pragmatic perspectivism" to formulate a proposal that considers both Catholic medical ethics and secular medical ethics on the same plane. The proposal suggests the adoption of an alternative and complementary lens for Catholic health care. Using this framework would allow the Church to pursue its health care mission in a fuller sense, unencumbered by the inertia of the medical industry towards homogenization due to legal and economic pressures. It also provides the potential for Catholics to more easily receive Catholic care in all hospitals, not just those under Catholic sponsorship. Importantly, it would also prevent any American woman from being practically forced to receive Catholic care, circumventing many of the ethical conflicts present in the current system.