This study provides an account of the influences which have contributed to the creation of a Gibraltarian sense of identity, with particular reference to the British imperial presence. Primary sources are of considerable importance, especially when no previous studies are available as in the case of key aspects of the history of education and informal cultural influences. Much use is made of oral evidence. Secondary sources are also used extensively. The prologue sets the scene, establishes the structure and outlines the methodology, while chapter one explores the changing contexts and values which form the background to the study. An account of geographical, environmental and ethnic factors follows, outlining how British interests have played their part. Economic and political factors are then reviewed and they indicate both past and present dependence on the British and a substantial legacy of British ideas and practices. In the case of religion and language both British and non -British influences are shown to have been at work. The Anglican and other non-conformist churches have been vehicles for British influence while Roman Catholicism, with its direct link to Rome, has been the religion of the people. As regards language, the British imposed English as the prestigious language, in direct competition with the language of the area, Spanish. Thus, Gibraltarians have become bilingual but, as is demonstrated, with their own linguistic idiosyncrasies. The study goes on to show that the formal educational system, first religious later largely secular, has been among the most powerful formative factors. The colonial government began to take charge after 1945, prior to a Gibraltaradministered system being put in place. Practice has followed and continues to follow English examples closely and higher education has come to rely entirely on provision in the United Kingdom. Informal influences, through a wide range of social, sporting and cultural activities, have also been of very great importance. Equally, they have reflected British ideas and values. They are given due weight in the last two chapters. In particular, they have furthered the development of Gibraltar's class structure while reinforcing a Gibraltarian sense of identity. The epilogue draws the overall conclusion that the Gibraltarian people and the Gibraltarian community, while separate and unique, are largely the product of the British colonial presence on The Rock. Gibraltar is very much an "offspring of empire". The present strong allegiance of Gibraltarians to Britain makes this clear.

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The lack of foreign credential recognition by Canadian employers and professional associations is often cited as one of the explanations for the increasing earnings gap between Canadian workers and immigrant workers. The main objective of my dissertation is to look at different aspects of economic integration of immigrants to Canada, and more specifically at issues related to credential recognition. The objective of the first analysis is to examine the extent to which, after arrival, immigrants find jobs in the same occupations in which they were employed in their home countries. I also examine the effect on earnings of a match between the pre- and post-immigration occupations. Our results suggest that most recent immigrants move into a new occupation when they arrive in Canada and that those whose pre- and post-immigration occupations match tend to earn more. In the second analysis, I determine how many immigrants work in regulated and unregulated occupations and look at how education is associated with the likelihood of working in a regulated occupation. In aggregate, immigrants are slightly less likely to work in a regulated occupation. Immigrants educated in Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean prove to be much less likely to secure access to a regulated occupation than either the native-born or other immigrants. The objective of the third analysis is to understand the transition between immigrants' premigration education and their educational trajectories once in Canada, and the return on investment in postmigration education in terms of employment status and earnings. A third of new immigrants with postsecondary training pursue their education during their early years in Canada. Those who enrol do not see an immediate benefit in terms of their earnings and employment status. In the last chapter, I examine foreign credential recognition processes in Canada and recent public investments to address this issue. Gaining foreign credential recognition from a / Le manque de reconnaissance des titres de compétences acquis à l'étranger est l'une des causes souvent citées pour expliquer l'augmentation de la disparité salariale entre immigrants et non-immigrants au Canada. Le principal objectif de ma thèse est d'examiner différents aspects de l'intégration économique des immigrants au Canada, et plus particulièrement ceux liés à la reconnaissance des titres de compétences étrangers. Le but de la première étude est d'analyser le lien entre le domaine de l'emploi principal occupé par les immigrants avant leur arrivée et les emplois qu'ils ont occupés en début d'établissement, ainsi que l'effet net d'une adéquation des emplois sur le revenu des immigrants récents. Les résultats suggèrent que la plupart de ces immigrants ne se trouvent pas un emploi dans leur domaine; par ailleurs, ceux qui y parviennent ont un salaire plus élevé. Dans la deuxième analyse, je détermine combien d'immigrants travaillent dans des professions réglementées et non réglementées. J'examine comment l'éducation est associée à la probabilité de travailler dans une profession réglementée et, dans l'ensemble, les immigrants sont un peu moins susceptibles de travailler dans de telles professions. Les immigrants formés en Asie, en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes ont beaucoup moins de chances d'occuper une profession réglementée que les autres immigrants et les non-immigrants. L'objectif de la troisième analyse est de comprendre la transition entre l'éducation pre-migratoire et les trajectoires d'éducation au Canada, et les effets de l'investissement en éducation post-migratoire sur l'employabilité et le revenu. Un tiers des nouveaux immigrants ayant une formation postsecondaire poursuivent leurs études pendant leurs premières années au Canada. Ceux qui s'inscrivent à un programme de formation ne voient pas un bénéfice immédiat sur leur revenu et les chances d'être en emploi. Dans le dernier chap

This thesis deals with the emergence of the modern state of Afghanistan and the consequences of centralization of power, as well as the creation of a national myth, for the Hazara people, one of the country's most significant minorities. / The Hazaras, who inhabit the central highlands of Afghanistan and constitute around 20% of the national population, have not only been marginalized economically and socially, but have also been denied a place in the history of the country. The thesis investigates their history over the last century and charts their struggles in the light of the last two decades of upheaval in Afghanistan, arguing that accommodation and compromise with the ethnic minorities is essential to building a modern, post-Ṭaliban Afghanistan.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-159). / v, 159 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Claremont Graduate University, 2007. / Adviser: Dean E. McHenry, Jr. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons.)) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Psychology, 1975.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Geography, 2007. / "May, 2007." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 12/31/2008) Advisor, Robert B. Kent; Committee members, Linda R. Barrett; Department Chair, Kwadwo Konadu-Agyemang; Dean of the College, Ronald F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.