La recherche que nous avons menée s'inscrit dans les projets de l'équipe de recherche Maths à Modeler. En particulier dans celui portant sur les situations de recherche pour la classe (SiRC). Cette recherche est centrée sur l'étude du rôle, pour l'apprentissage des savoir-faire fondamentaux, de l'activité mathématique, des jeux combinatoires et plus particulièrement des jeux de type Nim. Nous mettons sous l'expression « savoir-faire fondamentaux » les savoirs, méthodes et techniques qui sont à la base de toute activité mathématique : l'expérimentation, l'étude de cas particuliers, l'énoncé et l'étude de conjectures, la construction d'exemples et contre-exemples, la modélisation, l'élaboration et l'écriture de preuves, la définition d'objets, etc. (Grenier et Payan, 2002). Le sujet est la construction, l'expérimentation et l'analyse de SiRC basées sur des jeux combinatoires de type Nim pour des élèves, afin de leur faire construire et développer les savoir- faire indispensables à la mise en œuvre d'une « démarche mathématique ». Notre problématique porte donc sur l'identification des savoirs notionnels et des savoir-faire fondamentaux de l'activité mathématique qui sont mis en œuvre dans les jeux combinatoires de type Nim et la détermination des conditions et contraintes épistémologiques et didactiques favorisant l'apprentissage en classe de ces savoirs. Pour mener à bien notre étude, nous nous sommes appuyés d'une part sur certains éléments de la théorie des situations didactiques de Brousseau (Brousseau, 2004) et de la théorie des champs conceptuels de Vergnaud (Vergnaud, 1994) et, d'autre part, sur le modèle SiRC, contribuant à préciser ce modèle. Nous nous sommes servis de l'étude épistémologique et didactique des jeux de type Nim, pour mener les analyses mathématique et didactique de deux SiRC : la première, nommée « jeu d'Euclide géométrique », situation de jeu de type Nim, construite spécifiquement pour cette recherche, basée sur un jeu d'Euclide classique. La seconde, nommée le « jeu du chocolat », situation expérimentée régulièrement dans l'équipe Maths à Modeler, mais dont l'étude didactique n'avait pas vraiment été faite. Les analyses et expérimentations que nous avons menées montrent que les situations basées sur des jeux de type Nim, peuvent induire une activité mathématique qui va au-delà du développement et de la pratique de techniques mathématiques : Elles peuvent ouvrir l'accès à des savoir-faire plus généraux propres de l'activité mathématique. / This research is included in the project of the research group "Maths à modeler". In particular, in the part that corresponds to the study of "situations de recherche pour la classe" (SiRC). This research is focused in the study of the role played by the mathematical activity, the combinatorial games and particularly the games of Nim-type in learning the fundamental know-hows. We put under the term "fundamental know-hows" all the knowledge, methods and techniques found in all mathematical activity: experimenting, studying particular cases, conjecturing, building examples and counter-examples, modeling, proving, defining, etc. (Grenier et Payan, 2002). The main aim of this research is the construction, the experimentation and the analysis of SiRC based on combinatorial games of Nim-type for students designed to make them build and develop the know-hows required for the implementation of a "mathematical process". Our main problem is then identifying the fundamental and notional know-hows of the mathematical activity that are used in combinatorial games of Nim-type and establishing the epistemological and didactical conditions and constrains that favor the learning of these know-hows in the classroom. To achieve our aim, our research is supported, on one hand, by some aspects of the theory of didactical situation by Brousseau (Brousseau, 2004) and the theory of conceptual fields by Vergnaud (Vergnaud, 1994) and, on the other hand, by the SiRC model, where we also contribute to precise it. We based our research in the epistemological and didactical study of Nim-type games to conduct mathematical and didactical analysis of two SiRC: the first one, called "the geometrical Euclid game", is a situation of Nim-type created specifically for this research and based on the classical Euclid game. The second one, called "the chocolate game", is a situation frequently experimented by the research group math à modeler whose didactical analysis had not been done yet. The analysis and experimentations we have conducted show that the situations based on Nim-type games can lead to a mathematical activity that goes beyond developing and practicing mathematical techniques. They can open access to more general know-hows specific to the mathematical activity.

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SEERBAN, R. S. Construções dos Elementos na Educação Básica . Dissertação de Mestrado (Mestre em Ciências - Programa de Mestrado Prossional em Ensino de Matemática) - Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2018. Este trabalho apresenta resultados da reexão teórica de minha pós-gradução, bem como de minha prática prossional como professor de Matemática do Ensino Médio de um bairro da cidade de São Paulo entre os anos de 2011 e 2018, onde desenvolvi, ao longo destes anos, uma ati- vidade intra-curricular de desenho geométrico. Encontrar-se-á aqui um breve histórico do desenvolvimento do desenho geométrico a partir do tra- balho seminal de Euclides de Alexandria, e sua importância na Educação Matemática através dos tempos; a caracterização do trabalho educacional que eu faço em escola pública estadual, e então uma sequência didática que foi aplicada aos alunos da referida escola, apresentado aqui como um produto pedagógico desta dissertação de mestrado. / This work presents the results of a theoretical reection of my post-graduation, as well as that of my professional practice as High School teacher of Mathematics in a neighborhood of São Paulo city between the years of 2011 and 2018, where I developed, during these years, an intra-curricular activity of geometric drawing. You will nd here a brief history of the development of geometric drawing from the seminal work of Euclid of Alexandria, and its importance in Mathematics Education through the ages; the characterization of the educational work that I do in a public school, and then a didactic sequence that was applied to the students of said school, presented here as a pedagogical product of this dissertation.

Swarm robotics for music is a relatively new way to explore algorithmic composition as well as new modes of human robot interaction. This work outlines a strategy for making music with a robotic swarm constrained by acoustic sound, rhythmic music using sequencers, motion causing changes in the music, and finally human and swarm interaction. Two novel simulation programs are created in this thesis: the first is a multi-agent simulation designed to explore suitable parameters for motion to music mappings as well as parameters for real time interaction. The second is a boid-based robotic swarm simulation that adheres to the constraints established, using derived parameters from the multi-agent simulation: orientation, number of neighbors, and speed. In addition, five interaction modes are created that vary along an axis of direct and indirect forms of human control over the swarm motion. The mappings and interaction modes of the swarm robot simulation are evaluated in a user study involving music technology students. The purpose of the study is to determine the legibility of the motion to musical mappings and evaluate user preferences for the mappings and modes of interaction in problem solving and in open-ended contexts. The findings suggest that typical users of a swarm robot system do not necessarily prefer more inherently legible mappings in open-ended contexts. Users prefer direct and intermediate modes of interaction in problem solving scenarios, but favor intermediate modes of interaction in open-ended ones. The results from this study will be used in the design and development of a new swarm robotic system for music that can be used in both contexts.

This thesis deals with mining of relevant information from documents and automatic splitting of multiple documents merged together. Moreover, it describes the design and implementation of software for data mining from documents and for automatic splitting of multiple documents. Methods for acquiring textual data from scanned documents, named entity recognition, document clustering, their supportive algorithms and metrics for automatic splitting of documents are described in this thesis. Furthermore, an algorithm of implemented software is explained and tools and techniques used by this software are described. Lastly, the success rate of the implemented software is evaluated. In conclusion, possible extensions and further development of this thesis are discussed at the end.