Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2016-10-25T17:00:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Anna Beatriz Leite Henriques.pdf: 2031474 bytes, checksum: 86ae7c77f5882000eb6b8dd3e35e2542 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T17:00:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Anna Beatriz Leite Henriques.pdf: 2031474 bytes, checksum: 86ae7c77f5882000eb6b8dd3e35e2542 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-25 / CAPES / The main goal of this dissertation is to demonstrate how the decision making process of the European Union during the eurozone crisis has deepened its democratic deficit between 2008 and 2014. The historical and institutional evolution of the EU together w ith the gradual transfer of competences from the domestic sphere to the supranacional one have raised academic and popular suspicion (HIX e FØLLESDAL, 2006; AZMAN, 2001; JOLLY, 2013) about how democratic and legitimate were the decisions taken by the EU. In the context of the global financial turmoil initiated in 2008 with the Lehman Brothers ‟ s declaration of bankruptcy , it did not take long until the European Union started to feel the effects of this major financial crisis, which shed light into an even d eeper problem: the crisis of the eurodemocracy. In this sense, this dissertation aims to analyze how the EU‘s decision making to refrain the crisis has deepened its democratic d e ficit between 2008 and 2014. The hypothesis is that the EU, during the eurozon e crisis, concentrated its decision making process in the hands of indirectly elected political actors and of the wealthiest member states. In order confirm that, it will briefly present the institucional setup and the decision ma k ing process of the EU, as well as the academic debate regarding the existence of such demoratic d e ficit. The second section will cover the global financial crisis and how it affected Europe, leading to the emergence of the so called european sovereign debt crisis. The third sectio n will present the new architecture of the EU emerged to contain the crisis, especially the new fiscal transfers mechanisms, the new institutional framework and the European Central Bank‘s new role. The fourth and final section will aggregate the previousl y presented data and analyze them in the light of Føllesdal and Hix‘s (2006) systematization of the democratic deficit. Th is dissertation will delineate the causal pathway that led the EU to use technocratic resources to adopt crisis contention policies an d to concentrate its decision making processes in unelected Executive and suprana tional actors. It will also demonstrate how the EU lost its legitimacy and democratic accountability, both in relation to the (lack of) popular participation, the (poor) polit ical outcomes and also in relation to the very political process who lead to the adoption of all these measures. / O objetivo precípuo dessa dissertação é demonstrar de que forma a tomada de decisão da União E uropeia durante a crise da Zona do Euro aprofundou o seu déficit democrático entre os anos de 2008 e 2014. A evolução histórica e institucional da UE , concomitante à gradual transferência de competências da esfera interna para a supranacional, levantou questionamentos da academia (HIX e FØLLESDAL, 2006; AZMAN, 2001; JOLLY, 2013) e dos cidadãos a respeito do quão democráticas e legítimas seriam a s políticas discutidas e/ou adotadas pela UE. No contexto do revés financeiro mundial iniciado em 2008 com a quebra do Banco Lehman Brothers , nos EUA, a Europa não demorou a sentir os efeitos da crise que, além de afetar as grandes e conomias europeias, evidenciou que a maior crise talvez não fosse a do euro, mas sim a da eurodemocracia . Dessa forma, a presente proposta tem como objetivo analisar de que forma a tomada de decisão para conter a crise aprofundou o défic it democrático da UE entre os anos de 2008 e 2014. A hipótese é a de que, durante a crise, a UE concentrou a tomada de decisão nas mãos de atores políticos indiretamente eleitos e dos Estados membros com maior poderio financeiro. Em um primeiro momento , s e rá apresentada brevemente a estrutura institucional e o processo decisório da UE, bem como o debate acadêmico acerca da existência ou não de déficit democrático. O segundo capítulo versará sobre a crise financeira mundial e como ela verberou na Europa, ger ando a chamada crise do endividamento soberano europeu . O terceiro capítulo abordará a nova arquitetura emergida na UE para conter a crise, em especial os mecanismos para transferências fiscais, a nova arquit etura institucional e o novo papel do Banco Cent ral. Por fim, o quarto capítulo agregará os dados expostos nas seções anteriores e analisará a reação europeia à crise à luz da sistematizaçãoo do déficit democrático feita por Føllesdal e Hix (2006). Ser á demonstrado o caminho causal que levou a UE a usar recursos tecnocráticos para adotar medidas impopulares de contenção à crise e a concentrar sua tomada de decisão em atores Executivos e instituições supranacionais indiretamente eleitas. Em decorrência disso , houve perda de legitimidade e accountability d emocrático da UE, tanto em relação à participação popular, quanto aos resultados políticos e ao processo político que deu origem a essas políticas.

A adoção de uma moeda única por diferentes países muda significativamente a política econômica desses países. O objetivo desta dissertação, elaborada em forma de artigo, é estudar os efeitos da adoção do euro sobre a competitividade internacional dos países-membros da União Monetária Europeia (UME) com base no arcabouço teórico da teoria das áreas monetárias ótimas. A análise econométrica irá compreender um painel dinâmico com 12 países da UME nos períodos de 2002 a 2013 para inferir se a entrada de capitais teve impacto negativo na competitividade externa dos países periféricos da UME e como que os diferentes tipos de capitais interferiram sobre a taxa de câmbio real efetiva dos países da Zona do Euro. Conclui-se assim que não só a crise é capaz de permitir ganhos de competitividade entre os países da UME, como outros fatores mais desejáveis também, tal como a entrada de outros investimentos da conta financeira do balanço de pagamentos, a abertura comercial e os gastos do governo. Além disso, constata-se que o impacto da mobilidade de capital na competitividade é influenciado não só pelo tipo de capital como também pelo país que recebe esse fluxo. / Adopting a single currency in different countries changes significantly the economic policy of these countries. The objective of this dissertation, prepared in the form of an article is to study the effects of the adoption of the euro on the external competitiveness of member countries of the European Monetary Union (EMU) based on the theoretical framework of the theory of optimum currency areas. The econometric analysis will comprise a dynamic panel with 12 countries of the EMU in the period 2002-2013 to infer if the capital inflow had a negative impact on the external competitiveness of the peripheral countries of the EMU and how different types of capital flows interfered on the real effective exchange rate of the countries of the euro zone. It is therefore concluded that not only the crisis can allow gains in competitiveness between countries in the EMU, as more desirable factors as well, like the inflow of other investments of the financial account of the balance of payments, trade liberalization and government expenditures. In addition, it appears that the capital flows impact on competitiveness is influenced not only by the type of capital but also by the country that receives the flow.

We build a fully microfounded dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, which is estimated employing Bayesian methods. The model captures the most salient features of Austria as a small open economy, the Euro Area (EA) and the United States (US). Further analysis is conducted through numerical simulations to examine how nominal and real shocks are propagated. Besides, welfare cost of nominal rigdities are calculated. We distinguish two sample periods "pre-EMU" and "EMU". In the former, we maintain the assumption of full commitment of respective (independent) Central Banks towards their monetary rules, whereas in the latter, the monetary policy of Austria is fully aligned with the European Central Bank. Main results are derived from Bayesian estimation and simulation of the estimated model. Welfare calculations from the estimated model suggest that in the pre-EMU period, the EA and Austria present welfare costs close to one percent of steady-state comsumption, whereas the U.S. welfare costs is slightly higher (-1.52 percent). As is would be expected, in the second subsample welfare costs in the EA decrease, indicating an improvement in the allocation during the EMU regime (similarly in the U.S.), whereas in Austria welfare costs go up. / Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut

Several studies suggest that the introduction of the Euro has triggered sizeable increases in intra-Euro area trade. In this paper we test whether these gains are distributed asymmetrically among Euro area countries with respect to country size. This hypothesis is motivated by Casella (1996), who postulates that small countries of a trade bloc gain more from its enlargement. We argue that the implications of this model do also apply to the introduction of a common currency and test for a small country bonus using aggregate trade data and disaggregated trade data at the SITC1, SITC2, and SITC3 level. The results suggest that there is indeed strong evidence for a small country bonus with respect to the gains from trade after the introduction of the Euro. On average, the Euro triggered a reallocation of intra-Euro area exports to small countries by some 6 percent. / Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut

My thesis was designed to further assess the impacts of introduction of the euro in Czech Republic on exporters with a closer focus on foreign currency risk and the possibility of its elimination.

This diploma thesis interprets processes of contemporary economic development in Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia, whereas it is focused on the comparision of selected macroeconomic indicators and at the same time some main factors, which significantly influence the economic development in the area, are highlighted. According to the diploma thesis structure - chosen geographical, demographic, social and regional attributes are identified at first. Afterwards a brief view of transformation process to the free market economies leads to the chronologically organized characteristics of an economic development in the territory. The period of a primary interest begins with a phase 2003-2007 while the year 2008 and predictions of an on-coming development are discussed separately. The very last chapter recapitulates a progress in the euro adoption process and then examines an actual convergence criteria fulfilling in countries, which the euro currency haven't adopted (until 1. 1. 2009) yet.

This thesis titled The impact of monetary policy on cross-border economic activities of enterprises focuses on the monetary policy of four European countries - the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark and Sweden. The first chapter discusses the theoretical principles of monetary policy, the definition of monetary policy, its objectives, tools and various types of transmission mechanisms. The second chapter compares monetary policies of the given countries, focusing on their attitude towards the common monetary union (euro zone). The third chapter analyzes the impact of monetary policy on cross-border economic activities of enterprises. It primarily analyzes effects in terms of risks, balance of payments, competitiveness, etc. The fourth chapter -- in form of case study - examines how the foreign exchange interventions by the Czech National Bank affected the Czech economy and trade. The work focuses on the last five years, where appropriate, the development of the past ten years is captured.

The goal of the thesis is to propose an opinion regarding the accession to the eurozone supported by the analysis of the related benefits and constraints in connection with the current economic and political situation. Allowing to get an idea of what the benefits and downsides of euro adoption would be for them, the gathering of information and arguments suitable for entrepreneurs, managers and citizens is the sought outcome of the work. The issue was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively with the help of the SWOT analysis, optimum currency area theory and analysis of macroeconomic indicators. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding, also political programmes of the political parties represented in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Parliament were analysed. The contribution of the thesis lies in providing a comprehensive insight into issues regarding the euro while assessing the current situation and indicating the closest possible date for euro adoption.

The thesis analyzes the development of the Spanish economy during the crisis due to the impact of the introduction of the euro, both in the years of prosperity and subsequently in the years of the biggest recession, which significantly affected many sectors of the economy, mostly construction, real estate market and the labor market. The thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter describes the economy of Spain based on the representation of individual sectors and development of the basic indicators of the economy before and after the adoption of the common currency of the Union. In the second chapter, the thesis focuses on the real estate market, which depends on developments in the construction industry that is closely connected with the banking sector, while it was particularly the situation in the mortgage market that had a decisive impact on the negative development of the national economy. The third chapter describes the labor market and the impact of the crisis of overproduction on unemployment rate, particularly among young people. It also presents the current problems and the recently adopted reform of the labor market.

A top-down analysis approach used for over 17 thousand of euro-denominated corporate bond issuances executed in the European primary bond market between 1999 and 2013. The main findings reveal not only the most active corporate issuers in Europe, but they also show the decomposition of issuance by coupon type, rated versus unrated issuance, debut and perpetual issuances, high grade as well as high yield new bond issues split by sector, rating and maturity. I used the opensource statistical package Gretl and applied the ordinary least square technique in order to quantify the association between euro-denominated corporate issuance and credit spreads.