Bachelor-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2004.

This thesis is focused on year to date performance of common currency euro. Especialy it's impact on main macroeconomic indicators -- GDP and inflation. Analytical part of this study compairs long-term developement of this indicators in countries, which has adopted euro and those who has not. Objective of this thesis is formulation of conclusions, regarding benefits of euro adoption in light of GDP and inflation.

The present work utilizes both quantitative and qualitative techniques to extract the cognitive and affective elements of national identity from political discourse. However, a focus on national identity tends to depict the group as undifferentiated, obscuring the significant diversity which exists within the political community, at least in terms of how political objects are interpreted. Accordingly, another objective of this work is to investigate the diversity of interpretative schemes among different classes of individuals in the same political community. Another key argument is that discourses obscure undesirable political realities, domestic and international, at least temporarily. Apropos this thesis, the euro was sold by some elements of the ruling class in miraculous terms, as some sort of ‘savior’ that would solve all of Italy’s problems. This obscured the fact that only Italians, and not the euro, could lead to the real and sustained political and economic modernization that Italians desire. In the international sphere, the euro was sold as a policy that would help end Italy’s marginalization in Europe of second-class status (compared to the first-class status enjoyed by Germany, France, and the UK). This obscured the fact that the determinants of status in the international system are rooted in other variables, most of which have little to do with whether a country adopts a common currency like the euro. The case study to explore the validity of these arguments is the European Monetary Union (EMU), specifically, the links between national politics and EMU. Two countries were selected: Italy, which initially wholeheartedly supported EMU, and the UK, which overwhelmingly rejected the common currency from its inception in 1999. / Thesis (Ph.D, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-08 17:05:52.57

The purpose of this study is to find the influence of common currency on the international trade development. The study deals with the Rose effect, which says, that the currency unions increase trade by more than 200%. This thesis designes an extended gravity model of international trade where the economic characteristics of countries are combined with institutional and policy factors of trade, such as the EU common policies, impacts of the Euro or trade agreements and other factors, which lowers the transaction costs of trade, such as the quality of infrastructure. The thesis also deals with the data structure influence on the results of the estimation of gravity models and shows the problem which is not in common literature noted. Compared to the common research, this thesis focus in detail only on Czech and German exports.

Thesis advisor: Jonathan Laurence / The purpose of this thesis is to identify the political, institutional and economic obstacles to achieving economic integration and stability in the euro area while finding a solution to those obstacles by examining the economics and political dynamics of the currency union. The benchmarks of the Maastricht Treaty and the Stability and Growth Pact encouraged cosmetic reforms that did little to alter the structural problems of the Eurozone's economic periphery. Therefore, the best political and economic solution to the problem of integration is to allow for fiscal federalism within the union whereby Member States take full ownership of their economic policies. Although decentralizing fiscal policy is an essential part of fostering integration, harmonizing banking regulation throughout the Eurozone is also necessary course of action. The guarantee of emergency funds for Eurozone states at the precipice of default will only breed a moral hazard for more rule-breaking. The conditionality of tough austerity measures of the emergency programs also breeds popular animosity against the euro and outsources the moral and political responsibility of unpopular structural reform to forces outside of the country. Member States should allow heavily indebted states to default and allow banks that made investments in those countries' debts to incur losses. Through enforcement of the no-bailout clauses of Eurozone agreements, domestic political actors will be unable to issue more debt and thus have the political cover to impose the necessary structural reforms to improve the economic sustainability of their respective countries. Since an exit from the currency union would aggravate the debt problems of a peripheral Member State, the rest of the euro area is unlikely to suffer the loss of membership by refusing to transfer funds to its insolvent members. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / I thought a Euro coin would be a good main character for my story, the perfect medium to go everywhere and traverses social strata, gender and culture. The story and character are a pretext to visit different European countries, following the uncontrolled trip of the coin from one’s pocket to someone else’s wallet. Through the point of view of the coin, we are able to apprehend slices of daily life in Europe, of the actual state of the unity of the countries, at different levels, political, administrative and cultural. Through the coin’s experiences we see the reactions of ordinary people to the new currency: resentment of the way Europe is changing, indifference to whatever may occur, or the feeling that idealistic values are in danger when facing Kafkaesque bureaucratic decisions or the fact that 380 combinations are needed to translate every speech in every language of the Union. I chose a low-value coin rather than a banknote, because of its greater insignificance. A five cents coin comes and goes. The novel is also a reflection on money, its power, the triumph of capitalism in countries formerly communists or socialists and examine if this power is a “necessary evil” or a human weakness that needs to be reformed if possible. The novel is written using literary constraints, so the theoretical component of the thesis presents a short history of constraints as they have been explored, analysed and put in practice by OuLiPo (A Primer of Potential Literature) and authors like Georges Perec, Raymond Queneau or Christian Bök. Some of the constraints I used were unexpected like the use of daily News Agencies news (Reuters, AFP) dealing with Europe and the E.U. that I discovered and incorporated in the story while writing it. I believe that constraints can trigger creativity. The strategies I used while writing have been identified, analysed and categorized, as well as the solutions I found to sometimes overcome these constraints and keeping the novel readable and consistent.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2009. / Thesis advisor: Mitch Charkiewicz. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in International Studies." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79). Also available via the World Wide Web.

On July 20/21 in 2012, an international workshop was held on the subject of the global impact of the Euro-Financial-Crisis at the University of Potsdam. Prof. Dr. Detlev Hummel, faculty Finance and Banking, was the host of the event. Academic colleagues from Beijing, Moscow and Connecticut (USA) as well as domestic capital market and banking experts presented their analyses. Different aspects of national and international finance markets were examined, with a focus on the European region, China and Russia. Mistakes and failures of the banking regulations were identified as one, but note the sole cause of the economic problems. A lack of budget discipline of some politicians and the loss of business competitiveness of certain European nations were mentioned, too. Some members of the European Union did not succeed in mastering the challenges of the global economy. There have been structural issues in some states that impede their competitiveness in the global market, for example with China. The participants pointed out a number of other reasons for the crisis, like dubious distribution types as well as a lack of transparency of certain financial products. Furthermore, remuneration and incentive schemas of investment banks and especially the reckless risk management policy of large banks were identified as other factors for the crisis. The participants of the international workshop in Potsdam agree that the birth of the Euro-currency was a political event and will remain a challenge. The reform of the banking supervision and further steps towards an economic and fiscal union are new research tasks. / Am 20./21. Juli 2012 fand an der Universität Potsdam ein internationaler Erfahrungsaustausch über die globalen Folgen der Euro-Finanzkrise statt. Eingeladen hatte Prof. Dr. Detlev Hummel, Lehrstuhl für Betriebswirtschaftslehre mit dem Schwerpunkt Finanzierung und Banken. Kooperationspartner aus Peking, St. Petersburg und Moskau sowie Connecticut (USA), wie auch heimische Kapitalmarkt- und Bankexperten trugen Analysen vor. Es wurden unterschiedliche Aspekte aus Sicht nationaler und internationaler Finanzmärkte vorgestellt, wobei neben dem europäischen Raum auch China und Russland im Fokus standen. Die Ursachen der Euro-Finanzkrise wurden einerseits in einer unzureichenden Bankenregulierung gesehen. Eine mangelnde Haushaltsdisziplin politischer Entscheidungsträger und der Verlust der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit bestimmter europäischer Staaten standen ebenso zur Debatte. Teile der europäischen Gemeinschaft haben die Herausforderungen der Globalisierung nicht gemeistert. Es handelt sich hierbei um Strukturprobleme einzelner Staaten, die eine globale Wettbewerbsfä-higkeit, beispielsweise gegenüber China, verhindern. Weitere Ursachen - wie die teils fragwürdigen Vertriebsformen sowie die mangelnde Transparenz bestimmter Finanzprodukte, aber auch extreme Vergütungs- und Anreizmechanismen von Investmentbanken, vor allem aber die leichtfertige Risikopolitik großer Institute sowie Systemschwächen dabei - wurden aufgezeigt. Die Teilnehmer des internationalen Workshops in Potsdam waren sich darüber einig, dass die Einführung des Euro ein politisches Ereignis war und eine solche Herausforderung bleibt. Die Reform der europäischen Bankenaufsicht und weitere Schritte in Richtung einer wirtschaftlichen und finanzpolitischen Union stellen neue Aufgaben für die Forschung dar.

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / I thought a Euro coin would be a good main character for my story, the perfect medium to go everywhere and traverses social strata, gender and culture. The story and character are a pretext to visit different European countries, following the uncontrolled trip of the coin from one’s pocket to someone else’s wallet. Through the point of view of the coin, we are able to apprehend slices of daily life in Europe, of the actual state of the unity of the countries, at different levels, political, administrative and cultural. Through the coin’s experiences we see the reactions of ordinary people to the new currency: resentment of the way Europe is changing, indifference to whatever may occur, or the feeling that idealistic values are in danger when facing Kafkaesque bureaucratic decisions or the fact that 380 combinations are needed to translate every speech in every language of the Union. I chose a low-value coin rather than a banknote, because of its greater insignificance. A five cents coin comes and goes. The novel is also a reflection on money, its power, the triumph of capitalism in countries formerly communists or socialists and examine if this power is a “necessary evil” or a human weakness that needs to be reformed if possible. The novel is written using literary constraints, so the theoretical component of the thesis presents a short history of constraints as they have been explored, analysed and put in practice by OuLiPo (A Primer of Potential Literature) and authors like Georges Perec, Raymond Queneau or Christian Bök. Some of the constraints I used were unexpected like the use of daily News Agencies news (Reuters, AFP) dealing with Europe and the E.U. that I discovered and incorporated in the story while writing it. I believe that constraints can trigger creativity. The strategies I used while writing have been identified, analysed and categorized, as well as the solutions I found to sometimes overcome these constraints and keeping the novel readable and consistent.

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.