Dix-neuf édifices cultuels ont été mis au jour dans la ville grecque d’Europos-Doura (Syrie). L’étude est consacrée aux treize sanctuaires polythéistes bâtis avant l’occupation romaine de la ville (165-256 ap. J.-C). Elle est composée d’un catalogue et d’une synthèse. Le catalogue met à jour les informations concernant ces sanctuaires, en comparant les publications souvent lacunaires ou superficielles déjà disponibles et les nouvelles observations de terrain réalisées dans le cadre de la Mission Franco-Syrienne d’Europos-Doura (MFSED). La synthèse, divisée en quatre parties, permet quant à elle de considérer les caractéristiques de l’ensemble de ces édifices. La première partie est consacrée à l’analyse architecturale des sanctuaires douréens. La deuxième partie étudie les différentes influences stylistiques qui se manifestent au travers de ces édifices. La troisième partie montre comment les dieux et les fidèles occupent l’espace sacré. Enfin, la quatrième partie s’intéresse aux pratiques cultuelles de la ville. Au terme de cette étude, un nouveau visage de la religion douréenne apparaît. / Nineteen religious buildings have been excavated in the Greek town of Europos-Dura (Syria). The dissertation examines the thirteen polytheistic shrines built before the Roman occupation of the city (165-265 AD). It is composed of a catalogue and a general study. The catalogue updates what we know about these temples, comparing often incomplete or superficial publications already available and new field observations made in the framework of the Franco-Syrian Mission of Europos-Dura (MFSED). The general study, divided into four parts, considers the features of all these buildings. The first part deals with the architecture of the monuments. The second part consists in the study of the different stylistic influences which can be observed in the buildings. The third part shows how the gods and the believers occupied the sacred space. Finally, the fourth part presents the ritual practices of the town. This study therefore reveals a new aspect of the religion of Europos-Dura.

This study concerns the multicultural influences which shaped the architectural form and artistic decoration of the Synagogue at Dura-Europos, an ancient city located on the west bank of the upper Euphrates in Syria (244/5 C. E.) Preserving the Jewish tradition after the destruction of the Second Temple, in a location remote from Palestine, was essential in order to maintain a strong identity in the small Jewish community of Dura, engulfed by pagan and multitheistic societies. Biblical narratives were used by the Jewish community to assert their history. In chapter 1, there appears a discussion of what scholars have said about the cultural development of Dura, how the Synagogue paintings reflect it, and how these represent a Jewish identity. In chapter 2, two scenes from the frescoes will be discussed, highlighting the various cultural influences, both foreign and local. On the other hand Rabbinic literature, including the Midrash, the Mishnah and the Mekhilta de R. Ishmael, compiled by the third century C. E., gives a textual explanation for the scenes, emphasizing the strong association that the Jews of Dura had with their roots and heritage.

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