Darbe atskleidžiami 4–5 klasių pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimo ypatumai muzikos pamokose. Baigiamojo darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti 4–5 kl. mokinių pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimo muzikos pamokoje ypatumus. Darbo tikslui pasiekti iškelti šie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti mokinių pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimo sampratą, aptarti vertinimo ypatumus muzikos pamokose, apžvelgti muzikinio ugdymo ypatumus bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų 4–5 klasėse, aptarti 4–5 klasės mokinių amžiaus tarpsnį, ištirti mokinių požiūrį į pasiekimų vertinimo skirtumus 4–5 klasėse. Tyrimas atliktas trijose Šiaulių progimnazijose. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo siekta sužinoti 4–5 klasių mokinių požiūrį į pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimą. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą ir atlikus anketinę apklausą gautos tokios išvados: vertinimas – nuolatinis informacijos rinkimas, kaupimas ir apibendrinimas apie mokinio pažangą ir pasiekimus. Vertinant muzikinio ugdymo pažangą ir pasiekimus taikomi diagnostinio, formaliojo ir apibendrinamojo vertinimo būdai. Ypatingai svarbus muzikos ugdyme tampa formuojamasis vertinimas, kuris padeda pasiekti, kad kiekvienas mokinys atskleistų individualius savo gebėjimus. Muzikinis ugdymas, kaip ir kiti mokomieji dalykai gali būti vertinamas formaliuoju (vertinimas pažymiais) ir neformaliuoju (nesiejamas su pažymiu). Lyginant ketvirtos ir penktos klasės muzikinį ugdymą bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje pastebima, jog penktoje klasėje pakinta mokymo turinys, pamokos struktūra, vadovėliai, nauji... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The paper discloses 4th-5th forms’ achievement assessment features during music lessons. Aim of the final paper is to figure 4th-5th grade students’ progress and achievement evaluation features in the music lessons. In order to achieve the aim, the following tasks were set: to analyze student progress and achievement evaluation concept, to discuss the evaluation features in the music lessons, to review the features of music education in general education schools in grades 4-5, to discuss grades 4-5 students’ age period, to explore students' views of the differences assessments in the 4th-5th forms. The study was conducted in three Siauliai junior gymnasiums. Questionnaire survey method was aimed to find out 4-5 grade students’ attitude towards progress and outcomes. Analysis of scientific literature and questionnaire survey led to the following conclusions: evaluation is a continuous information gathering, compilation and summarizing about the student's progress and achievements. In the assessment of music education progress and achievements, diagnostic, formal and summative assessment methods are applied. Formative assessment becomes particularly important for music education, it helps to make each student to disclose their individual capacities. Music education, as well as other subjects can be seen in the formal (assessment with marks) and informal (not associated with marks) methods. Comparing the fourth and fifth-grade music education in the general education school it... [to full text]

The starting point of this paper is the observation that methods based on the direct match of keywords are inadequate because they do not consider the cognitive ability of concept formation and abstraction. We argue that keyword evaluation needs to be based on a semantic model of language capturing the semantic relatedness of words to satisfy the claim of the human-like ability of concept formation and abstraction and achieve better evaluation results. Evaluation of keywords is difficult since semantic informedness is required for this purpose. This model must be capable of identifying semantic relationships such as synonymy, hypernymy, hyponymy, and location-based abstraction. For example, when gathering texts from online sources, one usually finds a few keywords with each text. Still, these keyword sets are neither complete for the text nor are they in themselves closed, i.e., in most cases, the keywords are a random subset of all possible keywords and not that informative w.r.t. the complete keyword set. Therefore all algorithms based on this cannot achieve good evaluation results and provide good/better keywords or even a complete keyword set for a text. As a solution, we propose a word graph that captures all these semantic relationships for a given language. The problem with the hyponym/hyperonym relationship is that, unlike synonyms, it is not bidirectional. Thus the space of keyword sets requires a metric that is non-symmetric, in other words, a quasi-metric. We sketch such a metric that works on our graph. Since it is nearly impossible to obtain such a complete word graph for a language, we propose for the keyword task a simpler graph based on the base text upon which the keyword sets should be evaluated. This reduction is usually sufficient for evaluating keyword sets.