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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Characterization of micro-capillary wicking evaporators

Quy, Tiffany Anne, January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S. in mechanical engineering)--Washington State University, December 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-97).
32

An investigation of the mechanisms of heat transfer to multicomponent solutions under convective boiling conditions.

Lavery, Hugh P. 01 January 1981 (has links)
No description available.
33

An investigation of the mechanisms of heat transfer to multicomponent solutions under convective boiling conditions

Lavery, Hugh P., January 1981 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1981.
34

Calibração de tanques evaporímetros de baixo custo sob diferentes diâmetros em ambiente protegido

Salomão, Leandro Caixeta [UNESP] 01 October 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-10-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 salomao_lc_dr_botfca.pdf: 703361 bytes, checksum: 5a85cae5235d1ff62e55eb8453d9bafa (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Aplicar a lâmina de água no momento adequado e na quantidade necessária é de fundamental importância para o êxito do empreendimento agrícola irrigado. Para isso, faz-se necessário adotar técnicas de manejo de irrigação que auxiliem na melhor tomada de decisão. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de calibrar tanques evaporímetros de diferentes diâmetros e de baixo custo, com o intuito de avaliar a possibilidade de seu uso para o monitoramento da irrigação em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na área experimental da Unidade Educacional de Produção de Olericultura do Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Urutaí, estado de Goiás. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (diferentes diâmetros de tanque evaporímetro) e quatro repetições, totalizando 16 parcelas experimentais, representadas por canteiros de dimensões de 4 m de comprimento por 1 m de largura. Os tanques evaporímetros foram confeccionados com altura padrão de 24 cm, entretanto com diâmetros distintos 52, 43, 35 e 28 cm de diâmetros internos, sendo T1, T2 T3 e T4, respectivamente. Para confecção foram aproveitados tambores metálicos reutilizáveis. As pinturas interna e externa foram feitas com tinta látex prata. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de tanques de diferentes diâmetros internos resultando em níveis de reposição de água no solo, após leitura da evaporação obtida pelos tanques evaporímetros. As leituras foram realizadas com auxilio de uma régua milimétrica fixada na parede interna em todos os tanques... / Apply a irrigation depths layer at the right time and in the needed amount is fundamental to the success of irrigated agricultural enterprise. For this, it is necessary to adopt techniques of irrigation management that assist in making better decision. This work was developed with the aim of gauging evaporimeters tanks of different diameters and low cost, in order to evaluate the possibility of their use for monitoring irrigation in greenhouses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the Educational Unit of Production of Vegetable Crops of the Federal Institute Goiano, Campus Urutaí, state of Goiás. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with four treatments (different diameters of evaporimeter tanks) and four replications, being a total of 16 experimental plots represented by beds of dimensions of 4 m long and 1 m wide. Evaporimeter tanks were manufactured with standard height of 24 cm, however with different diameters 52, 43, 35 and 28 cm internal diameter, being T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. To make it, it was utilized reusable metal drums. The internal and external paintings were made with latex paint silver. The treatments consisted of tanks of different internal diameters resulting in replacement levels of water in the soil, after reading obtained by evaporation in the evaporimeter tanks. Readings were taken with the help of a millimeter ruler attached to the inside wall in all evaporimeter tanks. It was used as test plant lettuce cv. Veronica. The variables analyzed were: plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, productivity and efficiency of water use. The results showed that it is possible to recommend the use of evaporimeter tanks developed in this work to assist the irrigation management in a protected environment. The calibration methodology... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
35

Calibração de tanques evaporímetros de baixo custo sob diferentes diâmetros em ambiente protegido /

Salomão, Leandro Caixeta, 1982- January 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: João Carlos Cury Saad / Banca: Antonio de Pádua Sousa / Banca: Eduardo Henrique Mendes dos Santos / Banca: Thais Regina de Souza / Resumo: Aplicar a lâmina de água no momento adequado e na quantidade necessária é de fundamental importância para o êxito do empreendimento agrícola irrigado. Para isso, faz-se necessário adotar técnicas de manejo de irrigação que auxiliem na melhor tomada de decisão. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de calibrar tanques evaporímetros de diferentes diâmetros e de baixo custo, com o intuito de avaliar a possibilidade de seu uso para o monitoramento da irrigação em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na área experimental da Unidade Educacional de Produção de Olericultura do Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Urutaí, estado de Goiás. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (diferentes diâmetros de tanque evaporímetro) e quatro repetições, totalizando 16 parcelas experimentais, representadas por canteiros de dimensões de 4 m de comprimento por 1 m de largura. Os tanques evaporímetros foram confeccionados com altura padrão de 24 cm, entretanto com diâmetros distintos 52, 43, 35 e 28 cm de diâmetros internos, sendo T1, T2 T3 e T4, respectivamente. Para confecção foram aproveitados tambores metálicos reutilizáveis. As pinturas interna e externa foram feitas com tinta látex prata. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de tanques de diferentes diâmetros internos resultando em níveis de reposição de água no solo, após leitura da evaporação obtida pelos tanques evaporímetros. As leituras foram realizadas com auxilio de uma régua milimétrica fixada na parede interna em todos os tanques... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Apply a irrigation depths layer at the right time and in the needed amount is fundamental to the success of irrigated agricultural enterprise. For this, it is necessary to adopt techniques of irrigation management that assist in making better decision. This work was developed with the aim of gauging evaporimeters tanks of different diameters and low cost, in order to evaluate the possibility of their use for monitoring irrigation in greenhouses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the Educational Unit of Production of Vegetable Crops of the Federal Institute Goiano, Campus Urutaí, state of Goiás. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with four treatments (different diameters of evaporimeter tanks) and four replications, being a total of 16 experimental plots represented by beds of dimensions of 4 m long and 1 m wide. Evaporimeter tanks were manufactured with standard height of 24 cm, however with different diameters 52, 43, 35 and 28 cm internal diameter, being T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. To make it, it was utilized reusable metal drums. The internal and external paintings were made with latex paint silver. The treatments consisted of tanks of different internal diameters resulting in replacement levels of water in the soil, after reading obtained by evaporation in the evaporimeter tanks. Readings were taken with the help of a millimeter ruler attached to the inside wall in all evaporimeter tanks. It was used as test plant lettuce cv. Veronica. The variables analyzed were: plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, productivity and efficiency of water use. The results showed that it is possible to recommend the use of evaporimeter tanks developed in this work to assist the irrigation management in a protected environment. The calibration methodology... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
36

Caracterização do licor negro de eucalipto na etapa de evaporação e correlação de suas propriedades / Eucalyptus black liquor characterization in the evaporation process and correlation of its properties

Andreuccetti, Melissa Tatiana 10 January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: José Vicente Hallak d'Angelo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T22:26:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreuccetti_MelissaTatiana_M.pdf: 3177763 bytes, checksum: 23a4cec530fa31832c045e89474dbdde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O cozimento da madeira é a etapa do processo Kraft onde é feita a separação das fibras celulósicas dos demais compostos orgânicos da madeira. A solução utilizada nessa etapa, denominada licor branco, contém hidróxido e sulfeto de sódio gerando, após o cozimento, um resíduo chamado licor negro fraco com concentração entre 15 e 18% de sólidos (em massa). Este licor é enviado à planta de evaporação que tem por finalidade concentrá-lo aumentando o teor de sólidos para valores entre 64 e 75% em massa. Durante a etapa de concentração do licor negro ocorre a precipitação de sais de sódio, que estão completamente dissolvidos quando o licor encontra-se em concentrações inferiores a 45 - 50% de sólidos secos. Quando o licor é concentrado para valores acima de 50% estes sais começam a precipitar, sendo que o limite de solubilidade dos mesmos é definido como a concentração exata na qual estes sais começam a precipitar. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu, inicialmente, em validar uma metodologia de análise do sulfato de sódio e avaliar a sua reprodutibilidade. Também foram realizadas análises do teor de sólidos, massa específica e viscosidade. Após a realização de todas as análises, realizou-se um estudo estatístico para a avaliação do comportamento de cada parâmetro obtido experimentalmente e a correlação entre eles. Foi realizada também a avaliação do comportamento entre os parâmetros. Para todas as análises utilizaram-se amostras de licor negro de eucalipto com concentrações diferentes de sólidos (15 %, 29 % e 39 %). Todos os resultados obtidos experimentalmente da análise de sulfato de sódio possibilitaram a validação e a reprodutibilidade da técnica, que poderá ser aplicada a licores mais concentrados para determinar o teor de sulfato de sódio, buscando avaliar, posteriormente, sua influência na formação de incrustações nos evaporadores. Os resultados obtidos para teor de sólidos, massa específica e viscosidade também apresentaram valores coerentes, estando de acordo com a concentração e tipo de amostra analisada. Todos os parâmetros apresentaram boas correlações entre si / Abstract: Wood digestion is the stage in the Kraft process where the separation of cellulose fibers from other organic compounds is performed. The solution used in this stage, called white liquor, contains sodium and sulfide hydroxide generating, after the cooking, a residue called black liquor with a concentration between 15 and 18 % of solids. This liquor is sent to the evaporation plant which aims to concentrate it by increasing solids content to the range of 64 to 75 % by weight. During this stage of black liquor, occurs the precipitation of sodium salts that are completely dissolved when the liquor is at concentrations below 45 - 50 % of dry solids. When the liquor is concentrated to values above 50 % of solids these salts begin to precipitate and the solubility limit thereof is defined as the exact concentration at which these salts begin to precipitate. The objective of this work was, initially, to validate a methodology for sodium sulfate measure analysis and evaluate its reproducibility. Analysis to solids content, specific mass and viscosity were also performed. After completion of all tests, a statistical study was made to evaluate the behavior of each parameter obtained experimentally and a correlation between them was established. All analyzed samples of eucalyptus black liquor were used with different concentrations of solids (15 %, 29 % and 39 %). All experimental results of the analysis of sodium sulfate have allowed the validation and reproducibility of the technique that may now be applied to more concentrated liquors to determine the content of sodium sulfate, allowing a study of its influence on scale formation in evaporators. The results obtained for solids content, specific mass and viscosity have also shown consistent values, in agreement with the concentration and type of sample analyzed. Good correlations between parameters were showed / Mestrado / Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica / Mestre em Engenharia Química
37

Boiling film coefficients for sulfur dioxide in a vertical evaporator

Chestnutt, David January 1962 (has links)
It was the intent of this investigation to determine boiling film coefficients of SO₂ in a temperature range not previously investigated. Further, a practical method of circulating liquid SO₂ and reclaiming SO₂ vapor without a compressor or pump was attained. For the range investigated the boiling film coefficients decreased with an increase in temperature difference between the boiIing SO₂ liquid and the surface of the heater. This occurred in the regime of partial nucleate boiling. Favorable comparisons were made with the limited information available for this bolling regime. It was found that the controlling film coefficient was on the steam side of the test evaporator. This was due to the comparatively large values obtained for SO₂ bolling film coefficients. Within the limits of this investigation, the overall heat transfer coefficient may be taken as approximately equal to the steam film coefficient. Much more work needs to be done in the regime of partial nucleate boiling as the available literature is far from complete. / Master of Science
38

Estudo experimental da transferência de calor e massa em evaporadores por filme descendente de água em tubos horizontais. / Experimental study of the heat and mass transfer in water falling film evaporation on horizontal tubes.

Narvaez Romo, Beethoven 08 December 2014 (has links)
A tecnologia de evaporação por filme descendente pode ser empregada em diferentes aplicações como processos químicos, petroquímicos, dessalinização de água, ciclos de refrigeração por absorção, OTEC Ocean termal energy conversion primer, só para mencionar alguns. No entanto, esta tecnologia tem demandado númerosos estudos devido a que ainda não é totalmente bem entendida, inclusive certos fenômenos básicos como são os problemas de distribuição do líquido, comportamento da espessura do filme e, sua transferência simultânea de calor e massa, sendo sujeito a vários estudos tanto numéricos quanto experimentais. Este trabalho foi focado no estudo da transferência simultânea de calor e massa, espessura do filme a os problemas de distribuição na vaporização de filme de água sobre tubos. Para isto, foi construída uma bancada de teste experimental, disponível para mensurar as seguintes variáveis; (a) temperatura da superfície dos tubos evaporadores, (b) espessura do filme descendente, (c) vazões mássicas, (d) potência elétrica fornecida aos tubos evaporadores, e (e) registro fotográfico infravermelho. O presente trabalho foi estruturado em dois aspectos principais; (1) avaliação do coeficiente de transferência de calor e massa, e (2) medição da espessura do filme descendente. Para os dois casos foram analisados os mecanismos de transferência de calor: sensível e latente. Para o primeiro ponto foram calculados os coeficientes local e médio de transferência de calor. No último ponto, usou-se um mecanismo formado por um micrômetro de elevada precisão aliado a um sistema elétrico para mensurar a espessura do filme líquido, sendo comparada com a teoria de Nusselt. Encontrou-se que há uma forte dependência da transferência de calor e massa com a espessura do filme descendente para a região laminar de Reynolds ente 160 a 950, implicando uma diminuição da taxa de transferência de calor com o aumento do Reynolds, já que a espessura de filme impôs uma maior resistência térmica. Além disso, avaliou-se o sistema de medição da espessura do filme com 25% de divergência da teórica de Nusselt. / Falling film evaporation technology can be used in different applications such as water desalination, refrigeration and ar-conditioning absorption cycles, OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion primer), petrochemical and chemical process industries. This technology still demands númerous studies due to the lack of a complete understanding, even some basic phenomena such as the liquid distribution problem, liquid film thickness behavior and the heat and mass transfer coefficients are subject of intense experimental and numerical studies. This work has analyzed experimentally the heat and mass transfer coefficient, falling film thickness and the distribution system in water vaporization over tubes. For that, it was built an experimental setup, which has been measured the following; (a) tube wall temperature, (b) falling film thickness, (c) mass flow rate, (d) electrical power supplied to the evaporator tube, (e) infrared images. The present work has been structured in two mean aspects; (1) heat and mass transfer coefficient evaluation, and 2) falling film thickness measurement. In both topics, the two heat transfer mechanisms were analyzed: sensible and latent heat transfer. For the first topic, it has been analyzed the local and the overall heat transfer. For the second part, the method used a novel mechanical configuration (leverage effect), which improves the micrometer reading with more precision to obtain the film thickness, which was compared with the Nusselt theory. The experimental data showed that there is a strong dependence between the heat and mass transfer coefficient with the film thickness in the laminar region (Reynolds between 160 e 950), implying a decreasing of the heat transfer rate when the Reynolds increased, due to that the film thickness imposes a greater thermal resistance. Moreover, the study found the film thickness with a divergence of 25 % when it was compared with the theoretical Nusselt film thickness.
39

Energy conservation through evaporator fan cycling in a refrigerated controlled atmosphere apple storage facility

Koca, Robert W. 26 October 1992 (has links)
A two year experiment demonstrated electrical energy savings through evaporator fan cycling in part of a full-sized refrigerated controlled atmosphere apple storage facility in Yakima, Washington. Room cooling demand and evaporator fan operation was controlled by the bulk fruit temperature. Refrigerant temperature was regulated by a computer controlled ramping sequence and a weighted average of three thermistors rather than a room thermostat. Evaporator fans remained off 60-65% of the time during periods of fan cycling operation. Seasonal average fan energy savings approached 50-55% when the product remained in storage for a typical length of time. Room environment conditions, product mass loss, and fruit quality were not compromised. Bulk fruit temperature was exceptionally stable as compared to fruit stored in non-fan cycled rooms controlled by traditional means. Less fan motor heat input in the fruit storage space also results in compressor energy savings. Total electrical energy savings were projected to an 18 room fruit storage facility implementing computer controlled evaporator fan cycling. Projected electrical energy savings achievable through evaporator fan cycling for the state of Washington were made based on reported apple storage capacity. / Graduation date: 1993
40

Corrosion of carbon steel evaporator under desalination environment /

Cheng, Hee-cheung. January 1981 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1982.

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