This paper reviews the status of natural resources distance learning program in the United States and China and discusses the feasibility of educational cooperation between the two countries. By identifying and comparing computer-based learning programs offered at 300 American and 7 Chinese institutions of higher education, I found that only a small number of schools in both countries currently provide natural resources courses via distance learning. Although great opportunities exist for cooperation between the two countries, challenges must be overcome. Some of these challenges include expanding the existing distance learning curriculum to offer more natural resources courses, providing greater flexibility for faculty members who must adjust to a new teaching role, and improving the English proficiency of Chinese students for more effective international distance learning. / Master of Natural Resources

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-12T20:29:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARA KARINNE LOPES VERIATO BARROS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2018.pdf: 2481224 bytes, checksum: 4721866dc845a22f2c16ae93f47d482b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-12T20:29:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARA KARINNE LOPES VERIATO BARROS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2018.pdf: 2481224 bytes, checksum: 4721866dc845a22f2c16ae93f47d482b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Por ser um recurso tão valioso a água é motivo de muitas contendas, sobretudo quando há pouca disponibilidade. No Brasil, assim como no Mundo, a água não está disponível de forma uniforme, sendo o Nordeste a região com maiores problemas com relação às questões hídricas devido à estiagem e por que tal região abrigar uma vasta área semiárida que ocupa todos os seus Estados. Diante da crise hídrica, o Estado e particulares, no intuito de captarem água, usam tradicionalmente os carros-pipa como principal instrumento para satisfazerem as mais diversas necessidades, foi devido a captação de água que ocorreu o conflito socioambiental na comunidade do Sítio São Tomé do Município de Alagoa Nova no Estado da Paraíba, de modo que o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar o conflito socioambiental e os impactos decorrentes da passagem dos carros-pipa na comunidade do Sítio São Tomé, no período entre 2014 e 2016. Quanto aos procedimentos técnicos aplicados ao estudo de caso do conflito na comunidade do Sítio estudado: Inicialmente foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico e análise documental através de leis, portarias e resoluções, dentre as normas destacam-se a Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988, a lei 9.433/97 e a Resolução 01/86 do CONAMA. Foi realizada também uma avaliação de impactos ambientais utilizando o método matrizes de interações partindo do modelo apresentado por Santos, P. J. A. (2016), o qual foi adaptado segundo as características do conflito estudado. / Being such a valuable resource, water is the cause of many disputes, especially when there is little availability. In Brazil, as in the world, water is not uniformly available, with the Northeast being the region with the greatest problems with water issues due to the drought, and why such a region shelters a large semiarid area that occupies all its States. Faced with the water crisis, the State and private individuals, in order to capture water, have traditionally used kite-cars as the main instrument to meet the most diverse needs, it was due to the water catchment that occurred the socio-environmental conflict in the São Tomé Site Municipality of Alagoa Nova in the State of Paraíba, so that the main objective of the present study was to analyze the socioenvironmental conflict and the impacts resulting from the passage of kite-cars in the community of Sítio São Tomé, between 2014 and 2016. As for the technical procedures applied to the conflict case study in the community of the studied site: Initially, a bibliographic survey and documentary analysis was carried out through laws, ordinances and resolutions, among which the Federal Constitution of 1988, the law 9.433 / 97 and CONAMA Resolution 01/86. An environmental impact assessment was also carried out using the matrices method of interactions based on the model presented by Santos, P. J. A. (2016), which was adapted according to the characteristics of the conflict studied.

Many children in developing countries forgo education due to the direct or opportunity costs of attending school. To help defray the direct costs of secondary schooling, the Ghanaian government launched its free secondary school initiative in 2017, which sought to make tuition and all educational-related expenses free for every Ghanaian child who passed the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE). The first objective of this study is to examine to what extent the association between household income and school enrollment decreased in strength over time due to Ghana’s 2017 policy reform using the Ghana socio-economic panel survey (GSPS) and difference-in-differences estimation technique. Our results show that household assets (a proxy for income) had a significant and positive association with school enrollment before the policy change; however, household assets have no significant association with enrollment after the policy change, thus suggesting that family resources do not matter for child enrollment after the policy change. Our results also imply that the 2017 policy reform effectively reduced the hurdles facing lower-income families in paying for secondary school education. The second objective of this study is to examine the effects of this government policy on household labor market outcomes in Ghana. Using the Ghana Socio-Economic Panel Survey (GSPS) and the difference-in-differences estimation technique, we found an increase in labor supply and wages for households with SHS kids before the policy change; however, after policy reform, both labor supply and wages of SHS households decreased suggesting that the free SHS policy did eliminates the direct cost of schooling. These results also indicate that the free SHS policy has significant implications for human capital development and household welfare and health since the policy eliminates the direct cost of schooling. The third chapter examines the impact of environmental tax revenues on domestic healthcare expenditures using panel data of 96 developing and developed countries from 2000 to 2018 and the fixed effect estimation technique. We find a positive and statistically significant association between total environmental tax revenue and government health expenditures; however, this finding is primarily driven by low-income countries. In addition, we find a positive effect of all kinds of environmental tax revenues on government health expenditures; however, the largest and strongest effect arises with pollution tax and transport tax respectively. Our empirical results confirm the validity of the double dividend hypothesis, thus suggesting that environmental tax revenues have significant implications for public health expenditures.

Submitted by Juliana Correa Bernardes (bernardescj@gmail.com) on 2018-04-17T14:23:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Correa Bernardes.pdf: 2620607 bytes, checksum: dab96362d016f1465f2b957ca27bb458 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliana Katia Pupim (katiapupim@tupa.unesp.br) on 2018-04-17T20:26:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardes_jc_me_tupa.pdf: 2620607 bytes, checksum: dab96362d016f1465f2b957ca27bb458 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-17T20:26:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardes_jc_me_tupa.pdf: 2620607 bytes, checksum: dab96362d016f1465f2b957ca27bb458 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Apesar de residir na cidade, ter acesso às novas tecnologias e tendências que a conecta com o mundo globalizado, uma parcela da juventude urbana leva um modo de vida que apresenta características advindas do ambiente rural. Tais características envolvem gostos, vestimentas, meios de transporte, lazer voltado para rodeios, festas do peão, culinária caipira, dentre outros. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa objetiva caracterizar o jovem urbano ruralizado, proposto a partir do seguinte problema: quais são as características do jovem urbano ruralizado? Utilizará para isso a metodologia netnográfica e um questionário semi-estruturado. A partir da identificação das características do jovem urbano ruralizado, conceito desenvolvido nesta pesquisa; percebe-se um público ainda não assistido por políticas públicas que visem a promoção de atividades agropecuárias. Identificar esse jovem e suas características foram importantes para que pesquisas futuras possam compreender o motivo pela busca da ruralidade e auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas para o público jovem, tornando o ambiente rural mais atrativo para este. Notou-se que cultura rural atual, elemento de interação na fusão do espaço rural com o espaço urbano, está cada vez mais presente no dia a dia dos jovens residentes na cidade, influenciando sua participação no mundo ruralizado e compartilhando os mesmos interesses e disseminando hábitos próprios da nova ruralidade. / Although young people are living in cities, so that, it allows them to access new technologies and trends that connect them to the globalized world, a large part of the urban youngsters assume a lifestyle that has characteristics of the rural environment. Such features involve musical styles, clothing, transportation, preference for large animals, leisure, such as rodeos, bull rider parties, rustic cuisine, among others. In this context, the objective of this research is to characterize the ruralized urban youngsters, proposing the following problem: what are the characteristics of the ruralized urban youngsters? It will use an netnographic methodology and a semi-structured questionnaire. From the identification of their characteristics, the concept developed in this research; it has been noticed a public that hasn’t been attended by public policies that promote agricultural activities yet. To identify this young person and his/her characteristics was important so future researches can comprehend the reason they seach for this rurality and contribute in the elaboration of new public policies that can turn the rural sphere more attractive to be them. It has been noticed that the current rural culture, an element of interaction in the fusion of rural space with urban space, is increasingly present is the young city resident’ day-by-day, influencing their participation in the rural world as they sharing the same interests and disseminating typical habits of the new rurality.

La miniaturisation des gravures des transistors résulte en une augmentation de la sensibilité aux soft-erreurs des circuits intégrés face aux particules énergétiques présentes dans l’environnement dans lequel ils opèrent. Une expérimentation, présentée au cours de cette thèse, concernant l'étude de la sensibilité face aux soft-erreurs, dans l'environnement réel, des mémoires SRAM provenant de deux générations de technologies successives, a mis en évidence la criticité de cette thématique. Cela pour montrer la nécessité de l'évaluation des circuits faces aux effets des radiations, surtout les circuits commerciaux qui sont de plus en plus utilisés dans les applications spatiales et avioniques et même dans les hautes altitudes, afin de trouver les méthodologies permettant leurs durcissements. Plusieurs méthodes d'injection de fautes, ayant pour but l'évaluation de la sensibilité des circuits intégrés face aux soft-erreurs, ont été le sujet de plusieurs recherches. Les travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse ont eu pour but le développement d'une méthode automatisable, avec son outil, permettant l'émulation des effets des radiations sur des circuits dont on dispose de leurs codes HDL. Cette méthode, appelée NETFI (NETlist Fault Injection), est basée sur la manipulation de la netlist du circuit synthétisé pour permettre l'injection de fautes de types SEU, SET et Stuck_at. NETFI a été appliquée sur plusieurs architectures pour étudier ses potentialités ainsi que son efficacité. Une étude sur un algorithme tolérant aux fautes, dit self-convergent, exécuté par un processeur LEON3, a été aussi présenté dans le but d'effectuer une comparaison des résultats issus de NETFI avec ceux issus d'une méthode de l'état de l'art appelée CEU (Code Emulated Upset). / Reducing the dimensions of transistors increases the soft-errors sensitivity of integrated circuits to energetic particles present in the environments in which they operate. An experiment, presented in this thesis, aiming to study soft-errors sensitivity, in real environment, of SRAM memories issued from two successive technologies, put in evidence the criticality of this thematic. This is to show the need to evaluate circuit's sensitivity to radiation effects, especially commercial circuits that are used more and more for space and avionic applications and even at high altitudes, in order to find the appropriate hardening methodologies. Several fault-injection methods, aiming at evaluating the sensitivity to soft-errors of integrated circuits, were goals for many researches. In this thesis was developed an automated method, and its corresponding tool, allowing the emulation of radiation effects on HDL-based circuits. This method, so-called NETFI (NETlist Fault-Injection), is based on modifying the netlist of the synthesized circuit to allow injecting faults of different types (SEU, SET and Stuck_at). NETFI was applied on different architectures in order to assess its efficiency and put in evidence its capabilities. A study on a fault-tolerant algorithm, so-called self-convergent, executed by a LEON3 processor, was also presented in order to perform an objective comparison between the results issued from NETFI and those issued from another state-of-the-art method, called CEU (Code Emulated Upset).