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Estudo comparativo entre antipsic?ticos at?picos no tratamento da esquizofrenia e sua influ?ncia na qualidade de vida dos pacientes / Comparative study of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia and its influence on quality of life of patientsRibeiro, Susana Barbosa 31 July 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / A esquizofrenia ? um transtorno mental grave e persistente; o diagn?stico ocorre
principalmente na fase da adolesc?ncia. O tratamento farmacol?gico se faz com antipsic?ticos
t?picos e at?picos. Os at?picos apresentam como vantagem os reduzidos efeitos
extrapiramidais, o que os tornam promissores no tratamento da esquizofrenia, por outro lado,
eles t?m apresentado altera??es metab?licas e hormonais significativas. O objetivo deste
estudo foi avaliar a influ?ncia dos antipsic?ticos at?picos, olanzapina e risperidona, sobre a
qualidade de vida, assim como sobre seus efeitos adversos nos pacientes esquizofr?nicos. Para
isto foi analisada a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com aplica??o do instrumento EuroQol-
5D-3L, bem como a realiza??o de exames bioqu?micos e hormonais, aferi??o da press?o
arterial, e medi??o de ?ndices antropom?tricos, al?m da aplica??o das escalas Ugvalg for
Kliniske Undersgelser (UKU) e Simpson-Angus, estas avaliaram os efeitos colaterais
ocasionados pelos medicamentos. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o teste t de
Student e teste de qui-quadrado, com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Os resultados do EuroQol
mostraram que o antipsic?tico olanzapina causa preju?zos significativos associados aos
cuidados pessoais (p < 0,001). Comparando os dois grupos de antipsic?ticos, o valor m?dio de
anos de vida ajustados pela qualidade, conhecido por QALY, foi favor?vel para o grupo da
risperidona (p < 0,032). Os demais resultados obtidos dos grupos olanzapina e risperidona
foram comparados entre si. Em rela??o ?s vari?veis socioecon?micas, observou-se que os
homens utilizavam, de forma prevalente, a olanzapina (p < 0,008); este mesmo grupo
apresentou os seguintes resultados, significativamente desfavor?veis, relacionados ?s
seguintes vari?veis antropom?tricas: circunfer?ncia abdominal (p < 0,01), circunfer?ncia do
quadril (p < 0,02) e peso (p < 0,02), al?m da press?o arterial (p < 0,04). As an?lises
bioqu?micas e hormonais mostraram que a olanzapina ocasionou preju?zos relacionados ?s
seguintes vari?veis: triglicer?deos (p < 0,04), HDL colesterol no sexo masculino (p < 0,02) e
cortisol (p < 0,01). Nos usu?rios de risperidona, o ?nico valor desfavor?vel foi o da prolactina
(p < 0,04). Em rela??o ?s an?lises da escala de Simpson-Angus, o grupo tratado com
olanzapina ficou em situa??o desfavor?vel, pois a m?dia dos escores totais para olanzapina foi
de 0,38, enquanto que para risperidona foi de 0,11 (p < 0,02). Na escala UKU, obteve-se os
seguintes resultados, tamb?m desfavor?vel para o grupo olanzapina: fadiga (p < 0,02),
distonia (p < 0,01) e tremor (p < 0,03). De acordo com a escala UKU, os efeitos colaterais
presentes no grupo da risperidona inclu?ram: ginecomastia (p < 0,01), disfun??o ejaculat?ria
(p <0,02) e disfun??o er?til (p <0,02). Conclui-se que os usu?rios de olanzapina apresentaram
o pior escore de qualidade de vida, maiores riscos metab?licos associados ao sobrepeso, e
perfil lip?dico inadequado, al?m de maior tend?ncia a manifesta??o de sintomas
extrapiramidais. Contudo, os usu?rios de risperidona se mostraram mais propensos a rea??es
adversas decorrentes de altera??es hormonais. / Schizophrenia is a severe and persistent mental illness; diagnosis occurs mainly during
adolescence. The pharmacological treatment is done with typical and atypical antipsychotics.
Atypical have the advantage of reduced extrapyramidal effects, which make them promising
for the treatment of schizophrenia, furthermore, they have shown significant metabolic and
hormonal changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of atypical
antipsychotics, olanzapine and risperidone on the quality of life and on their adverse effects in
schizophrenic patients. For this we analyzed the quality of life of patients with
implementation of EuroQol-5D-3L instrument and performing biochemical and hormonal
tests, blood pressure measurement, and measurement of anthropometric indices, besides the
application of Ugvalg scales for Kliniske Undersgelser (UKU) and Simpson-Angus, who
evaluated the side effects caused by drugs. Data were analyzed using the Student t test and
chi-square test, with 5% significance level. The results showed that the EuroQol the
antipsychotic olanzapine causes significant losses associated with personal care (p <0.001).
Comparing the two groups of antipsychotics, the average years of quality-adjusted life, known
per QALY was favorable for the risperidone group (p <0.032). The results of olanzapine and
risperidone groups were compared. In terms of socioeconomic, it was observed that men used,
the prevalent form, olanzapine (p <0.008); this same group showed the following results
significantly unfavorable, related to anthropometric variables: waist circumference (p <0.01),
hip circumference (p <0.02), weight (p <0.02) and blood pressure (p <0.04). The biochemical
and hormonal analyzes showed that olanzapine resulted in losses related to the following
variables: triglycerides (p <0.04), HDL cholesterol in men (p < 0.02) and cortisol (p < 0.01).
In risperidone users, the only negative value was prolactin (p < 0.04). Regarding the analysis
of the Simpson-Angus scale, the group treated with olanzapine was handicapped because the
average total scores for olanzapine was 0.38, while for risperidone was 0.11 (p < 0.02). In the
UKU scale, the following results were obtained also unfavorable for the olanzapine group:
fatigue (P <0.02), dystonia (p <0.01) and tremor (p <0.03). According to the UKU scale, the
side effects present in the risperidone group included: gynecomastia (p <0.01), ejaculatory
dysfunction (p <0.02) and erectile dysfunction (p <0.02). It was concluded that olanzapine
users had the worst score of quality of life, higher metabolic risks associated with overweight
and inadequate lipid profile and greater tendency to extrapyramidal manifestations. However,
risperidone users were more likely to adverse reactions due to hormonal changes.
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