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Thesis (B.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2009. / Also available online. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-27).

Thesis (Honors)--College of William and Mary, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-48). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Anthropology, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MA) --Stellenbosch University, 1998. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The rehabilitation of the Matjes River rock shelter on the eastern side of Plettenberg Bay, South Africa, provided an opportunity to obtain new information on the deposits. A metre wide column was excavated through six metres of shell-rich deposits at the junction of two cuttings made in the 1920s and 1950s and known as the "Apex". A small section was cut into the upper layers in the entrance area. A suite of radiocarbon dates shows the deposits to be between 6300 and 10 600 years old with a possible hiatus in deposition between 9000 and 8000 years ago. The hiatus is marked by a disconformity that separates an upper loose shelly deposit from a series of finely bedded loams. The sequence includes artefacts of the Wilton and Albany industries and the transition between these industries is dated to 7400 BP. In the relative frequencies of Donax serra and Pema pema, the shellfish remains show there was a change from a sandy to a rocky shore environment that can be accounted for by the rise of sea level in the Holocene. There is no evidence that shellfish were intensely exploited and farmed down. As observed at Nelson Bay Cave, Choromytilus meridionalis is more common in deposits 9000 years and older. This suggests that the low sea surface temperatures of the Late Pleistocene persisted in the beginning of the Holocene. Information obtained on the deposits is being presented in educational displays for visitors to the site. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die rehabilitasie van die Matjesrivier rotsskuiling, gelee aan die oostelike kant van Plettenbergbaai, Suid-Afrika, het 'n goeie geleentheid verskaf am nuwe informasie te bekom oar die opeenvolging. 'n Meter wye kolom is uitgegrawe deur 6 meter van skulpryke depositos by die kruispunt van die twee uitgrawings wat gedoen is gedurende die 1920s en 1950s en wat bekendstaan as die "Apex". 'n Klein seksie is uitgegrawe in die boonste lae van die ingangsarea. 'n Reeks van radiokoolstofdaterings toon aan dat die afsetting dateer tussen 6300 en 10 600 jaar gelede met 'n moontlike breek in deposisie tussen 9000 en 8000 jaar. Hierdie breek word gemerk deur 'n onreelmatigheid wat die boonste Ios skulp afsettings van 'n reeks leeme skei. Die opeenvolging sluit artefakte van die Wilton en Albany industriee in en die oorgang tussen hiedie industriee is gedateer tot 7400 BP. In die relatiewe frekwensies van D. serra en P. pema toon die skulpvis oorblyfsels aan dat daar 'n oorgang vanaf 'n sanderige tot rotsagtige omgewing plaasgevind het wat deur die styging van die seevlakke in die Holoseen verklaar word. Daar is geen bewyse dat skulpvis intensief geeksplioteer was nie. Soos by Nelsonbaai grot is C. meriidionalis meer algemeen in die depositos wat 9000 j;;:tar en ouer is. Dit suggereer dat die laer see temperature van die Laat Pleistoseen tot aan die begin van die Holoseen geduur het. lnformasie wat deur die uitgrawing bekom is word gebruik vir opvoedkundige uitstallings vir besoekers aan die vindplaas.

Through an examination of the processes and influences on the character of grey literature and its producers, this thesis explores the nature of archaeological investigation, how it is reported and the creation of archaeological data in England from 1990 to 2010 and the implications for future understanding of the English archaeological record. I intend to address broad research questions regarding grey literature and archaeology: What is grey literature? Who creates it and why? What is it meant for? Is it fit-for-purpose? My research objectives in studying grey literature reporting and archaeological fieldwork investigation in England are: •To explore the nature of archaeological grey literature reporting and its producers, the framework of its production and communication, and its impact on archaeological research and knowledge production; •To capture the developments and changes in English archaeological practice between 1990 and 2010 and their implications for the creation and understanding of the archaeological record; and •To consider potential future directions for archaeological fieldwork and reporting. I propose to achieve this using a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches including spatial analysis techniques, comparative analysis at a range of scales from England-wide to individual case study areas, and detailed analysis of the nature and actual content of grey literature reports alongside a characterisation of the many creators of grey literature reporting. This study will illustrate and explore the process of producing grey literature reporting as well as examining the end product itself - grey literature reports. This European Research Council funded DPhil research was undertaken within the context of the English Landscapes and Identities Project, which analyses change and continuity in the English Landscape from the middle Bronze Age (c.1500 BC) to the Domesday survey (c. AD 1086).

As escavações subterrâneas têm estado sempre afetadas pelas condições dos maciços, os quais apresentam diferentes características e comportamentos frente a deformações ocasionadas após a escavação de uma galeria ou túnel. Em virtude disto, torna-se necessário uma análise dos parâmetros que permitam estabelecer as condições de segurança do túnel e propõe-se o uso de um sistema estéreo de rastreamento ótico para analisar o deslocamento de artefatos (conjunto de marcadores) instalados sobre o contorno das faces do túnel, a fim de detectarem-se deslocamentos do maciço em pontos estabelecidos com precisão menor a ±1 mm. O sistema proposto opera na região espectral do infravermelho, permitindo assim uma operação em ambientes com baixa luminosidade e com inserção de ruído ótico. Adicionalmente o trabalho inclui resultados de validação e desenvolvimento do sistema de visão estéreo baixo condições de dois cenários de diferente volume espacial, assim como o procedimento realizado para a calibração dos parâmetros intrínsecos e extrínsecos dos sensores do sistema (câmeras monocromáticas). Os resultados obtidos apresentam uma precisão de ±0,1881 mm para artefatos com três marcadores e uma precisão de ±0,4952 para artefatos com quatro marcadores. Finalmente, o sistema opera com uma sensibilidade de 0,99 mm na determinação da posição de um artefato associado a um ponto do perfil do túnel, e desta forma, podem-se definir as condições de estabilidade do maciço rochoso e os requisitos para auxilio as decisões de métodos de tratamento e aumento da segurança. / Underground excavations have always been affected by the conditions of mass, which have different characteristics and behaviors against deformation caused after excavation of a gallery or tunnel. Because of this, it is necessary an analysis of the parameters needed to establish the safety conditions of the tunnel and it is proposed the use of a stereo optical tracking to analyze the displacement of artifacts (set of markers) installed on the contour of tunnels’ faces in order to detect displacements of the mass points established with a precision lower than ±1 mm. This system operates in the infrared spectral region to take advantage of the low light and reduce the optical noise in environments with grace. Further work includes validation results and development of low stereo vision conditions of two different scenarios spatial volume, as well as the procedure carried out to calibrate the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the system sensors (monochrome camera) system. The results show an accuracy of ± 0,1881 mm for artifacts with three markers and an accuracy of ± 0,4952 for artifacts with four markers. Finally, the system operates with a sensitivity of 0,99 mm in the determination of an artifact associated with a point in the tunnel profile position, and thus, one can define the conditions for stability of the rock mass and assistance requirements for the decisions of treatment methods and increased.

This thesis examines the Mid Upper Palaeolithic (MUP) of Russia (ca. 30,000-20,000 14C BP). During this time, as in the rest of Europe, the principal archaeological industry is known as the Gravettian. However, in Russia two other industries, the Streletskayan and the Gorodtsovian, are also known from the beginning of the MUP. Historically, there have been significant problems integrating the Russian MUP record with that from the rest of Europe. The research described in this thesis concentrates on backed lithic assemblages (including Gravette points, microgravettes, other backed points and backed bladelets) from five Russian Gravettian sites: Kostenki 8 Layer 2, Kostenki 4, Kostenki 9, Khotylevo 2 and Kostenki 21 Layer 3. These are studied from an explicitly Western European theoretical perspective, using standard techno-typological methods to construct typological groupings and describe the variation between and within sites. Alongside this, new radiocarbon dates from several sites Kostenki 8 Layer 2, Kostenki 4 and Borshchevo 5) were obtained. These radiocarbon dates are critically analysed alongside published dates and unpublished dates made available to this research. The results of the research constitute a new culture history for the Russian MUP. Each stage of the MUP is dated and described, and the uncertainties in our knowledge outlined. One new lithic index fossil is defined and two others are re-assessed. The Russian record is compared with the contemporary archaeological record elsewhere in Europe, in order to describe large-scale synchronic variation and changes through time in the homogeneity and regionalisation of material culture. The relationship between these dynamics and climate change are discussed.

xxviii, 463 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT F868.M65 J45 1991 / The environmental context and chronology of the transition from Early Holocene Lake Mojave to Middle Holocene Pinto cultural complexes of the southern California deserts has long been debated. This dissertation re-examines that debate, based on excavations at two major sites, and a rethinking of our most basic assumptions concerning culture change, cultural ecology, site formation processes, and dating techniques. Archaeological data recovered from two Lake Mojave/Pinto sites at Fort Irwin, in the Central Mojave Desert, were analyzed in order to track chronologically sensitive shifts in Lake Mojave-Pinto artifact assemblages through time. The archaeological assemblages recovered from Rogers Ridge and the Henwood sites were carefully analyzed into 36 depositional/analytical components for this task. Defining and chronologically ordering these assemblages required systematic consideration of artifact distributions and the development and application of 3 obsidian hydration rates based on associations with twelve 14C dates. The analysis shows that the Pinto Complex occurred in three phases. Phase I, ca. 8,200 to 7,500 BP, is marked by the addition of Pinto points to the Lake Mojave assemblage and a continuation of the basic Lake Mojave settlementsubsistence patterns. Phase II, 7,500 to 5,000 BP, is marked by the gradual disappearance of Lake Mojave points from the archaeological assemblages. Dramatic decreases in assemblage size and increases in assemblage diversity mark changing logistical strategies to infrequent and specialized site use. Phase III, 5,000 to 4,000 BP, is marked by a strong predominance of Pinto points and slightly larger assemblages. Patterns of variation among assemblages suggest that logistical strategies continued to emphasize infrequent and specialized site useage. The link between environmental change and shifting settlement-subsistence strategies was apparently relatively direct during the Pinto period, Environmental changes during the Early Holocene (11,000 to 8,000 BP) Mojave Desert led to subsistence stress among populations of the Pinto Complex. Cultural adjustments resulted in smaller human populations moving through larger home territories. It is suggested that critical thresholds in communication and mating networks were crossed which resulted in the collapse of social systems in the Mojave Desert about 7,000 BP. / Committee in charge: C. Melvin Aikens, Ann Simonds, Don E. Dumond, and William Loy

xv, 275 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT E78.O6 W55 1993 / This study addresses the problem of prehistoric culture change in interior southwest Oregon as reflected in subsistence/settlement patterns. Eighty-three sites, excavated during cultural resource management projects, constitute the database. This study also demonstrates the applicability of cultural resource management data to questions of regional interest and of general importance to anthropology. Two contrasting subsistence/settlement regimes are modeled based on regional ethnographic and archaeological studies. One pattern is that of a mobile subsistence regime; the other is that of a more sedentary regime associated with permanent villages and the collection and processing of foods for over-winter storage. The first is reflected in the archaeological record by a settlement system consisting of seasonal camps and short-term task sites; the second is represented by a settlement system consisting of villages, seasonal camps, and task sites. To test these models against available data, sites were first placed in functional categories (village, seasonal camp, task site) based on qualitative and quantitative assessments of their archaeological assemblages. This analysis represents the first quantitative assessment of a large database of archaeological sites in this region, and also provide a means of testing previous archaeologists' intuitive judgments about site type. Quantitative measures distinguishing sites, based on the density and diversity of stone tools present in their assemblages include: (a) density measures for chipped stone artifacts; (b) a multidimensional scaling exercise which distinguishes sites based on assemblage diversity (richness and evenness); and (c) cobble and groundstone density measures compared with excavated feature data. The quantitative analysis also offers a methodological contribution for avoiding problems associated with comparison of archaeological samples of greatly varying sizes. Next, sites were assigned to the Middle Archaic (6,000-2,000 BP) or Late Archaic (2,000-150 BP) period. Finally, a comparison of site types manifest in the two periods shows that the predominant settlement pattern during the Middle Archaic consisted of seasonal camps and task sites, indicating a more mobile subsistence/settlement regime. A more sedentary, village-centered regime, appeared along major waterways at the end of the Middle Archaic, and spread throughout the region during the Late Archaic. / Committee in charge: D. Melvin Aikens, Chair; Don E. Dumond; Ann Simonds; Patricia F. McDowell