Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are one form of neurodevelopmental disruption that negatively impacts the integration of perceptual, affective and neuroregulatory mechanisms of typical development. Individuals with ASDs categorically demonstrate difficulties with organizing their thoughts/emotions/actions and applying them in a goal directed manner. The neurobiological deficits underlying cognitive and behavioral disorganization are termed executive functioning (EF) skills deficits. This study sought to clarify the association between the defining characteristics of ASDs and their expression in general behavior and EF skills, using parent and teacher ratings. Results of this study indicated that the association between the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) and the symptoms of ASDs as measured by the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS) varied by rater, with few clinical scales explaining significant variance in the ASRS outcomes. Additionally, the strongest relationship between the BASC-2 Developmental Social Disorders content scale (DSDCS) and the ASRS Scales was in behavior regulation rather than the social domain. Using the ASRS Scales as predictors of executive skills issues was generally stronger for teachers than parents. Only difficulties on the Self-Regulation Scale were consistently predictive of difficulties with Metacognition Index (MI) across parent and teacher ratings. The results give direction with regard to identifying behavioral and ecologically relevant cognitive skills and their relationship characteristics of ASDs.

As procedural flexibility, previously understood as adaptive reasoning, emerges as an important consideration in math skill development, it is important to account for executive functioning in that process as well, as executive functioning a well-researched factor in math performance. The current study, a secondary data analysis, explores how students rate themselves on the Executive Skills Questionnaire – Revised (ESQ-R), an informal executive skills measure, and how those scores relate to procedural flexibility scores, which accounts for students’ efficiency in math problem solving. Using the factor structure relevant to the current sample, which varies significantly from the current ESQ-R, findings indicate that procedural flexibility is lower in seventh grade when compared to sixth and eighth grades. Perceived executive skills vary positively across sixth, seventh, and eighth grades, indicating more perceived difficulties with executive skills as students move up in grade. Additional analyses explored the relationships between procedural flexibility and ESQ-R scores. Although there was no evidence of a significant relationship between procedural flexibility and ESQ-R scores, the relationship varied across grade level, yielding a negative relationship for sixth grade, a neutral relationship fore seventh grade, and a positive relationship for eighth grade. This pattern indicates that procedural flexibility may become more readily demonstrated, and possibly more valuable, as students gain mastery of skills and procedures and students may become more critical of their executive skills. Procedural flexibility is also highly sensitive to context and curriculum, based on the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. / School Psychology

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[ES] Desde la Universitat Politècnica de València, y en un espacio temporal que abarca de 2015 a 2019, esta investigación en el ámbito de la arteterapia en Valencia se sitúa en un contexto de unidades de daño cerebral y hospitales dirigidos al mismo proceso de rehabilitación de pacientes agudos y crónicos con daño cerebral adquirido por ictus. Con objeto de fomentar las habilidades ejecutivas de estas personas, y reforzar su autoconfianza como individuos, el principal objetivo del estudio expone en qué medida la implementación de programas educativos desde una perspectiva artístico-terapéutica, dedicados a estimular la creatividad de sus participantes, pueden aportar un incremento de conocimientos científicos que enriquezcan su operatividad durante el periodo de rehabilitación y resto de praxis cotidianas. Se pretende contribuir, desde el arte y la educación, en la planificación de procesos artístico-terapéuticos dirigidos a las necesidades de este colectivo, todo ello a partir de un marco conceptual, abierto e interactivo, de carácter sentiente, y basado en la experiencia de incluir la práctica creativa en el contexto clínico del daño cerebral adquirido. La investigación se orienta por un Estudio Controlado Aleatorizado que cuantifica sus resultados y expone las diferencias y las variables obtenidas entre el antes y el después de la inmersión en el campo. / [CA] Des del marc de la Universitat Politècnica de València, i en un espai temporal que abasta de 2015 a 2019, aquesta investigación situada en l'àmbit de l'artteràpia a València s'emmarca en el context d'unitats de dany cerebral i hospitals dirigits al mateix procés de rehabilitació de pacients aguts i crònics amb dany cerebral adquirit per ictus. A fi de fomentar les habilitats executives de estes persones, i reforçar la seua autoconfiança com a individus, el principal objectiu de l'estudi torna exposant en quina mesura, la implementació de programes educatius des d'una perspectiva artístic-terapèutica, dedicats a estimular la creativitat dels seus pacients, poden aportar un increment de coneixements científics que enriquisquen la seua operativitat durant el període de rehabilitació i resta de praxis quotidianes. Es preten contribuir, des de l'art i l'educació, sobre la planificació de processos artístic-terapèutics dirigits a les necessitats d'aquest col·lectiu, tot aixo des d'un marc conceptual, obert i interactiu, de caràcter sentiente, i basat en l'experiència d'incloure la pràctica creativa en el context clínic del dany cerebral adquirit. L'estudi s'acompanya per un Estudi Controlat Aleatorizat que quantifica els seus resultats i exposa les diferències i les variables obtingudes entre l'abans i el després de la immersió en el camp. / [EN] Within the framework of the Universitat Politècnica de València and in a four-year time span, ranging from 2015 to 2019, this research on art-therapy in Valencia was done in specialized brain injury units, which were dedicated to rehabilitation of acute and chronic patients with stroke. In order to promote and strengthen their executive skills and self-confidence as individuals, the main objective of the study investigated to which extent the implementation of educative programs from an artistic- therapeutic perspective, dedicated to stimulate the creativity of their participants, can provide an increase in their functionality during the rehabilitation period and other daily practices. Within a conceptual, open and interactive framework, of a felt nature derived from the inclusion of a creative practice in the clinical context of acquired brain injury, this the research aimed to contribute, from art and education, to the planning of artistic-therapeutic processes oriented to the needs of this population. The methodology of the research involves a Randomized Controlled Trial Study that quantified the effect of the intervention and showed the differences in clinical variables assessed before and after the participation in the study. / Zurru Fernández, R. (2020). Estrategias creativas desde el Arte y la Educación para la neurorrehabilitación del Ictus y la máxima funcionalidad del individuo en su medio. Un Estudio Controlado Aleatorizado en adultos con Daño Cerebral Adquirido [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/153794 / TESIS