Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The introduction of Affirmative Action Programmes in South Africa has left managerial development at the centre of management focus with the growing realisation that there is no quick fix. It is argued that, in order to make a substantial contribution to the managerial development process, management should not only seek to obtain the goals of the organisation, but first to obtain the goals of the individual within the organisation after which the first will follow. Against this background mentoring has been used successfully to develop high potential managers to build a diverse organisation and to foster the management of change. The study aimed to highlight not merely the many benefits to be gained from successfully implemented mentoring programmes, but also the many complexities inherent to the process. In the final analyses, mentoring programmes can only add value if the process and underlying critical success factors are understood. It is hoped that this research will result in more mentoring programmes being implemented across a broader spectrum of employees in order to create a sustainable and competitive advantage through the retention of knowledge and increased competencies of employees. The cost of such programmes is relatively low compared to their value if implemented correctly and may well hold the key to unlocking a wealth of talent. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die implementering van Regstellende Aksie Programme in Suid Afrika het bestuursontwikkeling op die voorgrond geplaas met die toenemende besef dat daar geen maklike oplossing voor is nie. Ten einde 'n substansiële bydrae tot die gebied van bestuursontwikkeling te maak sal bestuur nie alleenlik die doelwitte van die organisasie moet nastreef nie, maar ten eerste die doelwitte van die individue binne die organisasie moet nastreef waarna die eerste vanself sal volg. Teen hierdie agtergrond is mentorskapprogramme al suksesvol gebruik om potensiële bestuurders te ontwikkel, om diverse organisasies te bou en om die bestuur van verandering suksesvol te fasiliteer. Die werkstuk sal nie alleenlik die voordele van suksesvol geïmplimenteerde mentorskapprogramme uitlig nie, maar ook die komplekse aard daarvan onderstreep. Mentorskapprogramme kan slegs waarde toevoeg indien die proses en onderliggende kritiese suksesfaktore verstaan word. Die doel van die werkstuk is om mentorskapprogramme as bestuursontwikkelingstrategie te bevorder en sodoende 'n breër spektrum van werknemers te bereik ten einde volhoubare kompeterende voordeel te bewerkstellig. Die koste verbonde aan sulke programme is relatief laag in verhouding tot die waarde wat toegevoeg kan word indien dit korrek geïmplimenteer word en daar bestaan geen twyfel dat dit 'n belangrike bydra tot bestuursontwikkeling kan maak deur die talent wat wel bestaan te ontsluit nie.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The 1990s were characterised by a process of rapid political change in South Africa, which resulted in a period of transition in the economic and social spheres of this society. South Africans need to adapt to the shift in political leadership as well the rapid rate of technological innovation globally. Leadership theory has evolved from more traditional approaches such as the trait approach and behavioural approach to more recent theories such as situational leadership theories, leader-follower exchange theories and leadership decision-making theories. The recent trends in the field of Industrial Psychology lead to a more comprehensive and all-inclusive theory of leadership, namely transformational leadership. South Africa needs transformational leaders to drive and manage the change process. From the literature study it is evident that there is a need for transformational leadership training and development in South Africa. Therefore the main goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of transformational leadership training and development in South Africa. The main problem is divided into four sub-problems. In order to develop South African managers into transformational leaders, it is important that a need for transformational leadership training exists. Therefore the first subproblem is concerned with the need for the development of transformational leadership skills in South African leaders. The data of all South African leaders (7,563 cases) that were rated on Form 5X of the Multi-factor-Leadership Questionnaire (instrument measuring transformational leadership) was obtained from Productivity Development Pty. (Ltd.). This data was generated from March 1995 to June 1999. Firstly, the Ideal Theoretical Leadership Profile is compared to the total South African sample (N=7563). Secondly, leaders who performed effectively in the world of work were extracted from the total South African sample and were compared to the rest of the South African sample. Thus the Ideal Effectiveness Leadership Profile (N=657) is compared to the rest of the South African sample (N=6906). In both instances the profiles of the South African sample resembles the two ideal leadership profiles. The fact that the South African leaders scored well below the norms of the two ideal profiles on transformational leadership dimensions indicates that there is a need for the development of transformational leaders in South Africa. Thirdly, the t-test is utilised in order to compare the total South African sample (N=7,443) to an international sample (N=2080). The South African sample scored significantly higher on transformational leadership scales than their international counterparts. This indicates that South African leaders compare well to international standards regarding transformational leadership Once it was assessed that there is a need for South African leaders to be developed as transformational leaders, it was important to determine whether the Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is a valid instrument for measuring transformational leadership in South Africa. Transformational leadership training and development can not be managed in South Africa unless it can be measured. Therefore the second subproblem was concerned with the construct validity of the MLQ in South Africa. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilised in order to assess the construct validity of the MLQ on 7563 cases. The final first-order analysis indicated that there is not conclusive evidence for the 8-factor structure in the South African context. More comprehensive research is needed in order to prove the validity of the MLQ beyond reasonable doubt in the South African context. After the conclusion was reached that transformational leadership training is needed in South Africa, it was decided to investigate the practical implementation of transformational leadership training in South Africa. In order to investigate the practical implementation of transformational leadership training, high-level managers trained at the Graduate School of Business, University of Stellenbosch (USB) were assessed as a microcosm of the larger South African sample. The USB group (N=120) was compared by means of t-tests to two other groups, namely the rest of the South African sample (N=7443) and an international sample (N=2080). The third sub-problem was thus concerned whether the USB group was a select group. The USB group scored significantly higher on all of the individual transformational factors than the two other groups. The results suggest that the USB is a select group. Once it was concluded that the USB group was a select group, they were tested on Kirkpatrick's reaction level of evaluation in order to determine whether they benefited from the course, although their MLQ scores reflected that they were already acting in a transformational manner. The fourth sub-problem was thus concerned with evaluating the reactions of the USB group towards the Full Range Leadership Programme. Overall the participants (N=46) gave a positive reaction towards the programme. Although the USB group can be classified as a select group, participants believed that the programme was of practical use. This substantiates the argument that there is a need for developing transformational leaders. The results indicate that transformational leadership training and development is feasible in South Africa. Finally, on the basis of the results of this study, conclusions and recommendations are made for future research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die negentigerjare word gekenmerk deur 'n proses van snelle politieke verandering in die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing, wat In oorgangsperiode in die ekonomiese en sosiale sektore ingewy het. Dit is noodsaaklik dat Suid-Afrikaners aanpas by die veranderinge in politieke leierskap, asook by tegnologiese vooruitgang. Die leierskapsteorie, wat vroeër bestaan het uit die meer tradisionele benaderings soos die karaktertrek- en die gedragsbenadering, het gestalte gekry in meer onlangse teorieë. Hierdie teorieë sluit in die gebeurlikheids-, leier-volgeling-uitruilings- asook die leierskapsbesluitnemingsbenaderings. Die huidige neiging binne die wêreld van die Bedryfsielkunde is In meer omvattende en alles-inklusiewe benadering ten opsigte van die leierskapsteorie, naamlik transformasieleierskap. Suid-Afrika benodig transformasieleiers om die proses van verandering aan te dryf en te bestuur. Uit die literatuurstudie is dit duidelik dat daar 'n behoefte is aan transformasieleierskap-opleiding en -ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika. Vervolgens is ~die hoofdoel van hierdie studie om die praktiese uitvoerbaarheid van transformasieleierskap-opleiding en -ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika te bepaal. Die hoofprobleem word in vier sub-probleme verdeel. Daar word van die standpunt uitgegaan dat dit belangrik is om die transformasieleierskapsvaardighede van Suid-Afrikaanse bestuurders te ontwikkel. Die eerste sub-probleem fokus op die behoefte van Suid-Afrikaanse bestuurders aan opleiding in transformasieleierskap. Die data is ingesamel van alle Suid-Afrikaanse leiers (7,563 proefpersone) wat op die Multi-faktor Leierskapsvraelysvorm 5X (instrument wat transformasieleierskap meet) beoordeel is. Hierdie data is deur Productivity Development (Pty) Ltd beskikbaar gestel, en is vanaf Maart 1995 tot Junie 1999 ingesamel. Eerstens is die Ideale Teoretiese Leierskapsprofiel vergelyk met die leierskapsprofiel van die totale Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef (N=7,563). Tweedens is leiers wat effektief in die praktyk funksioneer, die Ideale Effektiwiteit Leierskapsprofiel (N=657), onttrek van die totale Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef en vergelyk met die res van die Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef (N=6,906). In beide gevalle is daar 'n verwantskap gevind tussen die Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef en die twee ideale leierskapsprofiele. Derdens is daar van 'n t-toets gebruik gemaak om die res van die Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef (N=7,443) met In internasionale steekproef te vergelyk. Die Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef het beduidend hoër tellings as die internasionale steekproef op alle transformasieskale behaal. Hiervolgens voldoen die Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef aan internasionale standaarde ten opsigte van transformasievaardighede. Nadat vasgestel is dat daar 'n behoefte bestaan aan transformasieleierskap-opleiding in Suid-Afrika, is daar ook besluit om die geldigheid van die Multi-faktor Leierskapsvraelys (MLO) onder Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede te ondersoek. Transformasieleierskapopleiding en -ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika kan nie bestuur word tensy dit akkuraat gemeet word nie. Daarom fokus die tweede sub-probleem op die konstrukgeldigheid van die MLO onder Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede. Daar is van bevestigende faktor-ontleding gebruik gemaak om die konstrukgeldigheid van die MLO by 7,563 proefpersone te bepaal. Die 8-faktorpatroon lewer nie voldoende bewys dat die MLO weloor 'n mate van konstrukgeldigheid onder Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede beskik nie. Nog in-diepte navorsing word benodig om bo redelike twyfel die geldigheid van die MLO onder Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede te bevestig. Nadat tot die gevolgtrekking gekom is dat daar 'n behoefte aan opleiding in tranformasievaardighede bestaan, is die praktiese implementering van transformasieleierskap-opleiding in Suid-Afrika ondersoek. Vir hierdie doel is hoëvlakbestuurders, wat opgelei is by die Nagraadse Bestuurskool aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (USB), ondersoek as 'n mikrokosmos van die groter Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef. Die USB-groep (N=120) is deur middel van t-toetse met die res van die Suid-Afrikaanse groep (N=7,443) en 'n internasionale steekproef (N=2,080) vergelyk. By die derde sub-probleem moes bepaal word of die USB-groep 'n uitgelese groep is. Dié groep het beduidend hoër tellings by al die afsonderlike transformasiefaktore as die ander twee groepe behaal. Die gevolgtrekking kan dus gemaak word dat die USB-groep wel uitgelese is. Hierna is die groep gemeet aan Kirkpatrick se reaksievlak. By die vierde sub-probleem is die USB-groep se reaksie ten opsigte van die "Full Range Leadership Programme" geëvalueer. Oor die algemeen het respondente (N=46) 'n positiewe reaksie teenoor die program getoon. Die USB-groep het die program as betekenisvol beskou, en alhoewel hulle 'n geselekteerde groep is, dui dit aan dat daar tog onder hulle 'n behoefte is aan opleiding in transformasievaardighede van Suid- Afrikaanse bestuurders. Die resultate dui aan dat daar onder bestuurslui in die algemeen 'n behoefte aan transformasieleierskap-opleiding en -ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika is. Ten slotte is gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings wat op die resultate van die studie gebaseer is, vir toekomstige navorsing gemaak.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2010. / This research study considers how executive education institutions should be training leaders for the future. The research outlines possible future challenges facing leaders in order to determine the type of training offered by executive education institutions. The study also looks into the current training practices of executive education institutions and explores the challenges currently faced by such institutions. This study discusses the role executive education institutions perform and how learning partnerships between executive education institutions and organisations can influence the role of executive education institutions. This research study has a specific focus on the training processes used by the University of Stellenbosch Business School (USB) Executive Development Ltd as an example of an executive education institution and offers some recommendations for consideration. These recommendations, amongst others, include the inability of off-the-shelf training programmes in not being able to always address the training needs of a company and that a thorough needs analysis should therefore always be done prior to the training; that executive education institutions should strive to be more flexible; that a more solid interdisciplinary research methodology focusing on business-related problems should be employed; that the importance of recognised accreditation should not be negated; and lastly, that anticipatory action learning should be included as part of the training process.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

National healthcare departments all over the world are facing the problem of rationing very limited resource to achieve acceptable levels of health care for their citizens. At the centre of healthcare challenges is the problem of an increasing disease burden, increasing pharmaceutical prices, increasing healthcare worker remuneration and the globalisation of healthcare services. Under such restrictive and competitive conditions, healthcare organisations need to find more efficient ways of working. This puts healthcare managers at the forefront of efforts to improve healthcare services and to find new ways to do more with shrinking resources. The need for well-trained managers is at its most critical level, especially in Third World countries like South Africa. This study set out to establish whether training needs existed amongst Medical Managers in public hospitals in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Should training needs be found to exist, the aim was to establish where those needs may be. The study then identified what Medical Managers perceived as the preferred training methods for delivering the necessary training. The study had a sample size of 30 respondents out of the 54 potential respondents. This represents a response rate of 55.5 percent. The research method that was chosen for the study combined both the quantitative and qualitative methods through a questionnaire that listed 37 tasks. Each Medical Manager had to rate these tasks on their relevance, their own perceived performance of the task, the likelihood of receiving any required training through a formal training method like courses for each task and finally the likelihood of receiving training through on the job training for each task. The quest ionnaire also included an openended question that asked respondents to list up to ten additional training needs which had not been covered by the questionnaire. The study found that all the tasks which were audited were relevant, that the perceived level of overall performance was high and there was an almost equal preference for both formal and informal training method. Based on this study‟s findings, training initiatives targeting this group of managers should ideally combine both formal and informal training methods. A recommendation for further research with a more qualitative approach is being made to better understand the context within which the training needs exist. The minimisation of subjectivity of ratings through the involvement of Medical Manager Supervisors might also reveal a more objective overall outcome to the analysis of the problem. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

The research attempts to determine how an effective loan officer training program should be designed and implemented in Texas Commerce Bank. A comprehensive program would prepare newly hired college graduates for positions as commercial lending officers as quickly, thoroughly, and effectively as possible. In order to accomplish this objective, three steps are necessary in the research. The first step is to determine the generally accepted principles of training and development. Application of these principles in a program certainly increases the likelihood of successful training results. The second step is to survey a sample of the banking industry to determine what approaches to this problem are currently in use by other banks. If successful procedures, techniques, or ideas are now working for banks similar to Texas Commerce, perhaps they can be adapted to work in this bank. The final step in designing the program is to tailor the gathered information for the specific needs of Texas Commerce. The purpose of this step is to assure that the principles of step one and the successful approaches from step two are realistically and specifically matched with the training needs at Texas Commerce Bank.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Management of Business Executive Coaching Wits Business School Johannesburg February 2017 / Coaching has been growing in popularity, application and understanding (Passmore, 2014), yet enough is not known about how the use of assessments within the coaching process is structured. This exploratory study looked at how coaches choose and how coaches use assessments. The research methodology of this study was qualitative. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken in order to understand the lived experience of the coaches (Ponterotto, 2005) The key findings of the research was that coaches choose assessments based on three sets of criteria; the first being that they are clear about the outcome they want to achieve, they are clear and intentional about their choice. A second criteria of choice includes choosing assessments based on a particular paradigm or approach. The paradigm can be based on theory it may be based on a belief system, a methodology or a philosophy or personal bias. A third criteria was made up of a group who were unintentional about their choice or, in some instances, the choice was being made for them. Although coaches choose along these three criteria, it was clear that they were not choosing dogmatically, but instead there was an eclectic approach to choosing. The way coaches use of assessment was overwhelmingly in a practical way for the benefit of the coachee and for the benefit of the coach. The provision of well-crafted and thoughtful feedback and the guarantee of the coach having the required competence were some of the aspects identified as critical in the use of assessments.The success of the assessment process was dependent upon the skillset of the coach. The amount of care dedicated to feedback of the assessment report confirmed its importance in the assessment and coaching process A further key insight was the complexity of working with assessments in corporate environments, assessments that sometimes boxed people and coaches negative experiences amongst others meant that this surfaced a number of critiques, cautions and conundrums. / MT2017

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management (Business and Executive Coaching) Wits Business School, Johannesburg February 2017 / The objective of this research is to explore the perceptions and experiences of coaching across cultures among white and black leaders in South Africa. The research thus aims to contribute towards an understanding of the role and the impact of cross-cultural executive coaching, both its implications for the coaching intervention and relationship and its application in the wider South African context. Cross-cultural coaching is a contracted coaching engagement between two people from different race groups. Black people refers to people who are citizens of the Republic of South Africa by birth or descent and are African, Coloured or Indian. The research used a qualitative methodology. 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with executives and managers who had recently experienced cross-cultural executive coaching. The transcripts of the interviews were analysed, resulting in 12 broad themes. The findings revealed that cross-cultural executive coaching pushed personal boundaries on two levels. Not only did female executives push gender boundaries in their selection process, but both male and female executives pushed the boundaries in experiencing different perspective on issues. The executives who had been exposed to diversity early in their lives appear to have successfully embraced cross-cultural coaching. Furthermore, the greater the exposure to international work or life experience early in the executive’s career development, the more welcoming and enhancing the cross-cultural coaching experience was. Most executives acknowledged the importance of exploiting South Africa’s cultural diversity as a business advantage, so the outstanding results in the performance and development of leaders already brought about by executive coaching can be extended further. The findings on what influenced the cross-cultural relationship pointed to the importance of coaches and clients connecting authentically and personally. When coaches listened well and displayed good questioning skills, the relationship flourished. The levels of understanding between coach and executives were critical for the development of the coaching relationship. These findings provide key insights into what makes a good cross-cultural coaching experience. The broader implications for cross-cultural coaching in South Africa include both benefits and challenges to professional, executive development. They show how an absence of cultural awareness and cultural intelligence in cross-cultural coaching can limit benefits, and reveal the opportunities possible in helping heal the wounds of an historically divided nation. The study recommends a fresh look at how we train and prepare cross-cultural coaches for the South African context. As the coaching intervention experience expands, the goal is to adjust and include the development of cross-cultural competency for effective cross-cultural coaching. / MT2017

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Business Executive Coaching Johannesburg, 2017 / Since the lifting of the international sanctions and relaxation of capital controls, South Africa has caught up with the rest of the world in terms of globalisation. This has resulted in a number of South African companies opening job opportunities in other markets. Previous research has highlighted the creation of job opportunities in other markets as an indication of the continuous need for expatriates in future. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of executives taking international assignments in South African multinational corporations, and to examine how coaching can support the experience. This study looked at the experiences of expatriates in all three phases of expatriation, that is, (1) to explore the experiences of expatriate executives prior to taking international assignments in South African multinational corporations and understand how coaching can support that experience, (2) to explore the experiences of expatriate executives during the assignment in South African multinational corporations and understand how coaching can support that experience and lastly (3) to explore the repatriation experiences of executives in South African multinational corporations and understand how coaching can support that experience. Qualitative research methodology was chosen to explore the expatriates’ experiences and the world in which they live. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with respondents from three South African multinational corporates (MNCs) in telecommunications, oil and hospitality industries. Out of sixteen respondents, three were Human Resource (HR) managers whose responsibility it is to administer and manage global mobility in the three MNCs. Global mobility includes expatriates’ management. The results of this study have implied that South African MNCs are inconsistent in terms of the way they prepare their expatriates before departure, support expatriates during the international assignments and repatriation. As a result of that, expatriates have also revealed mixed experienced in all three phases of the expatriation journey. For example, during pre-departure, some have experienced a pleasant preparation, such as look-see-visits, medical examinations and CEO on-boarding programmes, whereas others were never prepared (thrown in the deep-end). The misalignment between head office objectives and host country’s objectives came out as the most frustrating experience by the majority of the respondents. In terms of the last phase of the repatriation cycle, the results of this study suggest that a repatriation strategy is ineffective or non-existent in South African MNCs. Expatriates come back and get absorbed by competition as a result of the lack of a repatriation strategy. The glue to the findings of this research implies that coaching does have a critical role to play in all three phases of expatriation, that is, during pre-departure, during the assignment and during repatriation. The key message to South African MNCs is, if they want to use expatriates as their vehicle to succeed in global markets, they must involve former expatriates in crafting their realistic, practical expatriates’ strategy which must be communicated and applied to all expatriates and host companies. / MT2017