Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-20T18:52:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Joyce Mattos de Oliveira.pdf: 2259979 bytes, checksum: dca983fbb22cab52bfa67209c105ae2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T18:52:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Joyce Mattos de Oliveira.pdf: 2259979 bytes, checksum: dca983fbb22cab52bfa67209c105ae2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / CAPES / Modern life has diminished the sleep time for the majority of the population, and the consequences of this reduction have been studied both in humans and animal models. In spite of this, only a few studies elucidate the effect sleep deprivation has on the thyroid function, as well as studies on any role exercise might have in the prevention of such alterations. The objective of this study is to assess the protective effect of the strength exercise on the thyroid function in rats that went through paradoxical sleep deprivation for 24 and 96 hours, as well as a rebound sleep for 24 hours. For this study male and female Wistar rats were used (200-250g), submitted to sleep deprivation using the modified multiple platforms, and the isometric exercise was offered by the inverted box proposed by Lac & Cavalie (1999). The animals were distributed in 6 groups: Control (C, males n=8, females = 13); Trained (T, males n=8; females n=13), Trained, with Sleep Deprivation of the paradoxical sleep for 24 and 96 hours (respectively TPSP24 e TPSP96 males n=10; females n=13); Trained with Sleep Deprivation for 24 and 96 hours, plus a rebound sleep for 24 hours (TPSP24R e TPSP96R males n=10; females n=13). All animals went through and adaptation to the strength exercise for 5 days, enduring 5 series of 30 seconds of strength with rest periods of 25 seconds between each series. After adaptation, an extra weight was added to the animal's tail. All animals were killed on the same day and their blood was collected for analysis of T3 (ng/dL), T4 (ug/dL), e TSH (ng/mL) using the radioimmunoassay technique. Ethics committee approval was granted by number UFRRJ N?003/2015. After the statistical analysis we observed a significant body weight loss, both in females and males, and a relative loss in hypophysis weight in males from group T. On the other hand, the relative weight of the adrenal was reduced in the T group of males, and increased in both the T and TP24 groups of females. In males, seric TSH levels have risen with the exercise, normalizing after the deprivation of 24 and 96 hours, and the rebound in the PS96 group. The PSP was able to induce a raise in the T3 level in the groups TP24 and TP96 in males ? no significant alterations were observed in females. As for the seric T4 in males, there was no alteration, although in females the 24 hours PSP was able to rise those values. This study indicates a protective effect by the isometric exercise, preventing TSH and seric T4 and T3 alterations induced by deprivation of the paradoxical sleep. As such more studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms involved in such protection / A vida moderna tem diminu?do o tempo de sono da maioria da popula??o e as consequ?ncias dessa redu??o t?m sido estudadas em humanos e modelos animais. J? o papel da tire?ide na priva??o de sono associada com exerc?cios de for?a n?o est? bem estabelecido, pois n?o tem sido estudado. Este estudo, no entanto, tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito protetor do exerc?cio de for?a sobre a fun??o tireoidiana em ratos ap?s a priva??o de sono paradoxal (PSP) por 24 e 96 horas assim como o sono rebote de 24 horas. Para a realiza??o deste trabalho, foram utilizados ratos machos e f?meas Wistar (200-250g) submetidos a priva??o de sono pela metodologia das plataformas m?ltiplas modificadas e o exerc?cio isom?trico foi feito pela metodologia da caixa invertida proposta por Lac & Cavalie (1999). Os animais machos foram distribu?dos em 6 grupos: Controle (C n=8 machos; f?meas, n=13); Treinado (T=8 machos; f?meas, n=13); Treinado com Priva??o de sono paradoxal por 24 horas e 96 horas (TPSP24 e TPSP96 n=10, machos; f?meas, n=13); Treinado com Priva??o de sono paradoxal por 24 horas e 96 horas mais per?odo de sono rebote por 24 horas (TPSP24R e TPSP96R n=10, machos; f?meas, n=13). Os animais foram adaptados ao exerc?cio de for?a por 5 dias, onde era constitu?do por 5 s?ries de 30 segundos de for?a com intervalos de descanso por 25 segundos entre as s?ries. Ap?s a adapta??o, foi adicionado um peso extra na cauda desses animais. Todos os animais foram eutanasiados no mesmo dia, o sangue coletado para an?lise de T3 ng/dL, T4 ?g/dL, e TSH ng/mL pela t?cnica de Radioimunoensaio. Aprova??o pelo comit? de ?tica da UFRRJ N?003/2015. Ap?s an?lise, observamos perda do peso corporal tanto nas f?meas quanto nos machos e uma diminui??o no peso relativo da hip?fise apenas nos machos do grupo T. Por outro lado, o peso relativo da adrenal se manteve reduzido no grupo T dos machos e aumentado no grupo T e TP24 das f?meas. Os n?veis s?ricos de TSH nos machos aumentaram com o exerc?cio nos grupos T, normalizando com a priva??o de 24 horas e retornando ao aumento no grupo TP24R. A PSP foi capaz de provocar um aumento nos n?veis de T3 nos grupos TP24 e TP96 dos machos, e nas f?meas n?o foi observado altera??es significativas. Quanto aos valores de T4 nos machos, n?o foi constatado altera??es significativas e nas f?meas a PSP foi capaz de elevar tais valores. Sugerimos que o exerc?cio de for?a esteja contribuindo para a prote??o dos impactos agressivos causados pela priva??o de sono paradoxal na fisiologia end?crina tanto em machos quanto em f?meas.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-07T13:03:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TatianeGomesTeixeiraTese2014.pdf: 4120392 bytes, checksum: 476b0dc4161238fdb83458fa4a8e820d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-07T13:03:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TatianeGomesTeixeiraTese2014.pdf: 4120392 bytes, checksum: 476b0dc4161238fdb83458fa4a8e820d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T13:03:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TatianeGomesTeixeiraTese2014.pdf: 4120392 bytes, checksum: 476b0dc4161238fdb83458fa4a8e820d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-03 / Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is involved in a number of cardiovascular, muscular and inflammatory mechanisms, mainly in the elderly; while physical exercise has been pointed as an important tool in preventing and minimizing the negative effects of aging. The present thesis comprises two studies that aimed 1) To investigate the influence of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polimorphysm (Glu298Asp) on the acute response of NO to eccentric resistance exercise (ERE), and also on the biochemical markers, body composition and muscular strength of obese elderly women. 2) To identify the presence of subjects with low or high responsivity of NO to ERE, and the influence of distinct levels of responsivity on biochemical and inflammatory markers, body composition and muscular strength. Eighty-seven older women (69.4 ?? 6.1 years, 74.9 ?? 12.7 kg, heigh 151.9 ?? 6.0 cm and BMI 32.5 ?? 5.7 kg/m2) participated in the study. Forty-nine of them participated of the second study. The exercise protocol consisted of seven sets of ten eccentric repetitions at 110% of ten repetitions maximum (10RM) and the serum concentration of nitrite was measured immediately after and 3, 24 and 48 hours after the ERE. Results: The ERE elevated the serum concentration of nitrite, without a significative influence of eNOS polymorphism (study 1). The group of T allele carriers (TT or TG genotype) presented higher triglicerides (p=0.014), VLDL (p=0.025) and urea (p=0.038) concentrations, and lower body weight (p=0.013), BMI (p=0.031), prevalence of obesity (81% versus 56%) and relative muscle strength (p=0.047) as compared with the GG genotype carriers. Inter-individual differences were found in the magnitude of serum response of nitrite to ERE, which allowed the identification of low (LR) and high responsive (HR) groups (study 2). The LR group presented higher percentual body fat (p=0.017), total cholesterol (p=0.043) and LDL (p=0.044), and lower upper limb fat-free mass (p=0.054) as compared with the HR group. These results demonstrate that: a) in obese older women, nitrite concentration is elevated up to 48 h after ERE, and the magnitude is influenced by inter-individual variations, independently of eNOS polymorphism; b) the presence of the eNOS polymorphism Glu298Asp (TT or TG genotype) and the low responsivity of nitrite to ERE are indicative of unhealthier lipid profile and higher fat percentage in older obese women. Furthermore, these parameters can be used in clinical practice to improve the identification of the impairment degree during aging, as well for understanding the different responses to exercise. / A redu????o da biodisponibilidade de ??xido n??trico (NO) est?? envolvida em in??meros mecanismos cardiovasculares, musculares e inflamat??rios, principalmente na popula????o idosa; enquanto o exerc??cio f??sico tem sido apontado como importante estrat??gia para prevenir e minimizar os efeitos delet??rios do envelhecimento. A presente tese ?? composta por dois estudos quantitativos, de delineamento quaseexperimental, que objetivaram 1) Investigar a influ??ncia do polimorfismo (Glu298Asp) da ??xido n??trico sintase endotelial (eNOS) sobre a resposta aguda do NO ao exerc??cio de for??a exc??ntrico (EFE), bem como sobre os marcadores bioqu??micos, a composi????o corporal e a for??a muscular de idosas obesas; 2) Identificar a presen??a de idosas com alta ou baixa responsividade do NO ao EFE, e a influ??ncia dos distintos graus de responsividade sobre os marcadores bioqu??micos, inflamat??rios, composi????o corporal e for??a muscular. Participaram do primeiro estudo 87 idosas (69,4 ?? 6,1 anos, 74,9 ?? 12,7 kg, estatura 151,9 ?? 6,0 cm e IMC 32,5 ?? 5,7 kg/m2), 49 das quais compuseram a amostra do segundo estudo. As volunt??rias completaram sete s??ries de 10 repeti????es exc??ntricas a 110% de 10 repeti????es m??ximas (10RM), sendo a concentra????o s??rica de nitrito medida imediatamente ap??s e 3, 24 e 48 horas ap??s o EFE. Resultados: o EFE provocou eleva????o da concentra????o de nitrito, sem influ??ncia significativa do polimorfismo da eNOS (estudo 1). As carreadoras do alelo T apresentaram maior concentra????o de triglicer??deos (p=0,014), VLDL (p=0,025) e ureia (p=0,038), e menor peso corporal total (p=0,013), IMC (p=0,031), preval??ncia de obesidade (81% versus 56%) e for??a muscular relativa (p=0,047) em compara????o ??s idosas com gen??tipo GG. Foram encontradas diferen??as interindividuais na magnitude de aumento do nitrito p??s-EFE, o que permitiu a identifica????o de grupos pouco (PR) e muito responsivos (MR) (estudo 2). Idosas PR apresentaram maior percentual de gordura (p=0,017), colesterol total (p=0,043) e LDL (p=0,044), e menor massa livre de gordura de membros superiores (p=0,045) em compara????o ??s MR (estudo 2). Estes resultados demonstram que: a) a concentra????o de nitrito em idosas obesas se eleva at?? 48 horas ap??s o EFE, sendo a magnitude influenciada por varia????es inter-individuais, independentemente do polimorfismo da eNOS; b) a presen??a do polimorfismo Glu298Asp eNOS (gen??tipo TT ou TG) e a baixa responsividade do nitrito ao EFE s??o indicativos de piores perfil lip??dico e percentual de gordura corporal em idosas obesas. Sendo assim, estes par??metros podem ser utilizados na pr??tica cl??nica para melhorar a identifica????o do grau de acometimento durante o envelhecimento, bem como para entendimento das diferentes respostas ao exerc??cio.