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The effect of increasing physical activity on health benefits in sedentary womenHorner, Katrina E. January 1997 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the current CDC/ACSM physical activity recommendation, ("30 minutes or more of accumulated moderate-intensity activity, most if not all, days of the week") would improve women's health through a reduction ofcoronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Twenty-one sedentary females (ages 49 ± 7 yrs.) with one or more CHD risk factors underwent baseline laboratory including: resting heart rate and blood pressure, resting electrocardiogram, body mass index, bioelectrical impedance, skinfold measures, waist-to-hip, blood lipid profile, and V02max. The VO2 was determined by an exercise treadmill test using the Ball State University Ramp protocol. The subjects were instructed on the CDC/ACSM recommendation, the physical activity survey, and given examples of moderate-intensity activity. The survey data was collected bimonthly over the six month period. The subjects reported participating in >_ 30 min. of moderate-intensity activity an average of 4 f 1 days/week with an average duration of 54 ± 26 min. On the remaining days, the subjects reported doing an average of 14 ± 6 minutes per day. Also, 90% of the women reported doing the activity in continuous bouts. Following the six month study period, the women were retested in the laboratory. Sixteen subjects completed the post-testing. The results of the sixteen women showed a significant improvements in HDL-cholesterol (51 ± 15 vs.56 ± 15 mmHg; p=<.05) and TC/HDL ratio (4.5 ± 1 vs.4.25 ± 1.3; p=<.05). There were no significant changes in the other risk factor variables examined or their V02,„.. It was concluded that the majority of previously sedentary, middle aged women can not meet the CDC/ACSM recommendations for daily activity and total energy expenditure. Additionally, it appears that when given the choice, these women choose to do activity in continuous time blocks versus breaking the daily activities into shorter time periods. / School of Physical Education
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Relationship between lower body strength and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with long-term exercise trainingLee, Won-Jun January 2000 (has links)
The purpose of this study was (1) to compare the lower body strength, power, and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur in a group of trained postmenopausal women who have been in low intensity exercise program for a long time with age-matched sedentary controls, and (2) to evaluate the magnitude of the correlation between muscle function and site-specific BMD in these postmenopausal women. Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 17) between the age of 60 and 80 were divided into two groups: 9 exercisers (mean ± SE, 74.8 ± 3.2 years) who had been in an exercise training program for at least 5 years and 8 control (mean ± SE, 71.6 ± 3.4 years) who had not been in any exercise program for at least 5 years. The exercise group performed three one hour sessions a week of aerobic and resistance training for an average of 9.9 years. The exercise training consisted of 30 minutes walking and one or two sets of twelve to fifteen repetitions focused on large muscle groups. The BMD of the proximal femoral region was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). By using a Cybex Leg Press machine, 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) tests were performed for lower body strength and power of lower body were obtained by a seated chair rise. Statistical analysis demonstrated no statistical differences between the left and right region of the femur BMD for either group, with the averaged BMD being 0.858 g/cm2 for the controls and 0.853 g/cm2 for the exercisers. The trochanter BMD for the exercisers were 7 % (left) and 6 % (right) higher than the controls although these values were not statistically significant. The 1RM leg press strength ranged from 29.5 to 47.6 kg (mean ± SE, 40.21 ± 2.62 kg) in controls and from 31.8 to 61.2 kg (mean ± SE, 45.93 ± 3.72 kg) in exercisers. Although the exerciser group lifted 14.2 % more weight than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. The results of power test ranged from 14.59 to 31.21 kg • m/sec (mean ± SE, 22.94 ± 5.67 kg • m/sec) in controls and from 13.63 to 38.60 (mean ± SE, 28.88 ± 6.81 kg • m/sec). The power did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, it is noted that between group differences approached significance at p < 0.07. Correlations between body composition and femoral neck BMD were also determined. Neither weight, nor BMI was significantly correlated with femoral neck BMD in the exercise and control group. Lower body strength and power did not correlate with the BMD of the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, or trochanter in either group. Although the BMD of the proximal femoral region did not differ between two groups the higher mean age (+ 3.2 years) of the exercise group suggested that a low intensity exercise training program can increase power and strength and maintain BMD in postmenopausal women. However, the low intensity of resistance training program utilized by the exercise group was no more effective in maintaining BMD than an active lifestyle. / School of Physical Education
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A Study of the Cardiovascular Training Effects of Aerobic Dance Instruction Among College Age FemalesMaas, Sonia Hart 08 1900 (has links)
Thirty-one college age females enrolled in aerobic dance conditioning classes were subjects. The purposes were to determine if aerobic dance is sufficiently vigorous to elicit a heart rate capable of producing a training effect and to determine whether a training effect heart rate level can be maintained. The narco-biosystems telemetry was used to monitor heart rates. Each subject performed one aerobic dance at three trials. Twelve-minute run/walk pretests and post-tests were given to assign fitness levels. Results of the study indicate that aerobic dance is an effective cardiovascular training program. Resting heart rates decreased, fitness levels improved, and training intensity heart rates were elicited and maintained at each of the trials.
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Relationships Between Diet and Physical Activity Lifestyle Factors and Body Composition, Waist Circumference, and Body Mass Index in Postmenopausal WomenUnknown Date (has links)
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare relationships between
dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviors and body composition and body fat
distribution, as measured by percent body fat (BF%), waist-to-height ratio (WHt), waistto-
hip ratio (WHp) and body mass index (BMI) in post-menopausal women (Post), with
the same relationships in pre-menopausal women (Pre). METHODS: Ninety-two subjects
(n = 48 Post; n = 44 Pre) were measured for height, weight, waist and hip circumferences
and skinfold thicknesses. Dietary content was obtained from a Diet History Questionnaire
(DHQ II); PA was estimated from responses to the International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS: Multiple regression identified no modifiable predictor
variables for Pre. Models for Post identified saturated fat grams (SFGs), PA, years
postmenopause (YrsPost), and Alcohol (Alc) as predictors of WHt, WHp, BMI and BF%.
CONCLUSIONS: PA, SFG and Alc are modifiable variables related to postmenopausal
body composition and fat distribution. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
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The effect of menopausal status on substrate utilization in younger women during submaximal exerciseUnknown Date (has links)
The purpose of this study was to determine if surgically-induced menopause
in younger women affects substrate utilization during submaximal exercise while
controlling for other potential confounds. METHODS: Thirteen untrained female
subjects (33-50 years old) were recruited: oophorectomized (Group O = 5) and
premenopausal controls (Group C = 8). Two separate visits included: body composition
and maximal treadmill exercise test; followed by substrate utilization via open-circuit
spirometry during 45 minutes of treadmill walking at 50% VO2max. RESULTS: When
controlling for multiple variables affecting whole-body substrate utilization (age, VO2max,
physical activity, body composition, fasting glucose, menstrual phase and diet), there was
no difference in substrate utilization between pre- and postmenopausal women as
measured by respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (0.83 ± 0.04 v 0.84 ± 0.03, p=0.47).
CONCLUSIONS: Menopausal status does not appear to have an effect on substrate
utilization during submaximal exercise in younger women. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
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Program evaluation determining the impact of a water-based, cross-cultural exercise program for women aged 50 years and older to improve or maintain functional activities of daily living on land /Sanders, Mary Elizabeth. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006. / "May, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-217). Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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The role exercise may play in how survivors of domestic violence feel and view themselvesConcepcion, Rebecca Yahnke 18 March 2004 (has links)
The National Women's Health Information Center reports that domestic
violence is the leading cause of injury to American women and that nearly one-third
of American women have been physically assaulted by their significant other
at some point in their lives. These women often experience depression, low self-esteem,
anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and grief (Campbell et al., 1995).
Literature supports the use of physical activity in promoting psychological well-being.
The purpose of this study, then, was to evaluate the influence of physical
activity on how survivors of domestic violence view themselves and their
circumstances. The participants were seven women (18 to 54 years) who had been
in abusive relationships, on average for eleven years, and who had recently left
their partners. The participants were given access to an exercise facility and
participated in one, two, three, or four interviews at one-month intervals. Interview
questions covered abuse history, physical activity levels, self-view, emotional
status, and how exercise may have influenced these factors. Qualitative analysis of 11
participants' responses revealed that exercise gave women the perception of
healing, "getting out of trauma mode," of working towards a future self, "moving
towards the vision of the type of person that I want to be," and freedom. Exercise
improved their self-view by demonstrating to them that they were advancing
beyond their abuse-controlled lives; that they were taking care of themselves.
Women found exercise an effective means of "eliminating nervous energy" that
resulted from being battered women, which in turn improved emotional status.
Results are discussed in terms of the unique benefits derived from physical activity
by these women, how exercise enhanced their recovery, and suggestions made by
participants as to how the benefits of exercise could be fully realized. / Graduation date: 2004
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Physical activity, hormone replacement therapy, and insulin resistant coronary artery disease risk factors in postmenopausal womenManns, Patricia J. 12 October 2001 (has links)
Low physical activity levels and high serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are risk
factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in both men and women. However,
postmenopausal women who take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may have
increased risk of CAD because of HRT-related increases in serum CRP. There are two
manuscripts in this dissertation. The purpose of the first manuscript was to determine
whether higher physical activity energy expenditure was associated with lower serum
CRP, independent of oral HRT status and body fatness, in 133 postmenopausal women.
Higher physical activity energy expenditures were significantly associated with lower
serum CRP levels (r=-0.21, p=0.0l9), independent of oral HRT use, age, smoking
behavior, alcohol consumption, aspirin use, and statin use. However, in the complete
multivariate model, which included body fat, the association between higher physical
activity and lower serum CRP levels was abolished. The purpose of the second study
was to quantify the biological variability of insulin resistant CAD risk factors in a sample
of 8 postmenopausal women. Risk factor outcomes, including serum total cholesterol,
serum triglycerides (TG), serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum
glucose, plasma insulin, serum CRP, waist and hip circumferences, abdominal sagittal diameter, body fat, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure, and self-reported physical
activity energy expenditure, were measured on two occasions, 7-12 days apart. High
absolute biological variability values (by standard error of measurement) were observed
for serum TG (32.0 mg/dl), serum CRP (5.6 mg/l), SBP (4.0 mmHg), and physical
activity (9.4 kcal/kg/week). High relative biological variability (by within-subjects
coefficient of variation ���27.3%) was also observed for serum TG, serum CRP, and
physical activity. Bland-Altman plots identified individual outliers for serum TG, serum
CRP, plasma insulin, and SBP. Together, the results suggest that the correlations
between lower levels of serum CRP and higher levels of physical activity, though
significant, may have been attenuated by the high biological variability of both serum
CRP and physical activity. Thus, the importance of higher levels of physical activity, in
decreasing serum CRP and the concomitant risk of heart disease, may be underestimated
in the absence of serial measurement of serum CRP and physical activity. / Graduation date: 2002
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The effects of high-impact exercise on bone mass in adolescent girlsWitzke, Kara A. 08 May 1997 (has links)
We evaluated anthropometric and performance measures which best predict bone
mineral density (BMD) in 54 adolescent girls (14.6��0.5y; 22.7��14.0 months past
menarche). BMD for the whole body, femoral neck, greater trochanter, lumbar spine (L2-L4), and mid-femoral shaft was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
(Hologic QDR 1000/W). Whole body lean mass and fat mass were derived from the whole
body scan. Knee extensor strength and leg power were assessed by isokinetic
dynamometry and the Wingate Anaerobic Power Test, respectively. Using simple
regression, lean mass was significantly correlated with BMD at all bone sites r=.45-.77; p<0.001), and was more highly correlated with BMD at all sites than was body weight.
Maximum leg power was also associated with bone mass at all sites (r=.41-.67; p<0.001)
while leg strength correlated significantly with all sites (r=.41-.53; p<0.001) except the
lumbar spine. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that 59% of the variance in whole
body BMD was predicted by lean mass alone. No other variables, including fat mass,
height, months past menarche, leg power, or leg strength, contributed additionally to the
regression model. Similarly, lean mass was the only predictor of lumbar spine and femoral
shaft BMD (R��=.25, R��=.37, respectively), while femoral neck and trochanteric BMD
were best predicted by leg power (R��=.38, R��=.36, respectively). In this group of
adolescent girls, lean body mass and leg power independently predicted bone mineral
density of the whole body, lumbar spine, femoral shaft, and hip, which may suggest an
important role for muscle mass development during growth to maximize peak bone density. / Graduation date: 1997
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Effects of a resistance exercise program on activities of daily living of elderly womenDeVries, Christine L. 16 September 1996 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to determine if a 5-month
progressive-resistance exercise program would affect measures
of activities of daily living (ADLs) and functional stability
in elderly women. All subjects were ambulatory women, 80 to
93 years old, who lived in assisted-care facilities. Eight
exercise and 7 control subjects completed the 5-month study.
Exercise subjects participated 3 times weekly in progressive
resistance of the lower extremities and upper extremities.
ADLs were assessed by the Barthel Index, and functional
stability was assessed by timed measures of rising from a
chair, walking, and standing, feet together, with eyes open
and eyes closed. All subjects were tested at 0, 10, and 20
weeks. Using repeated measures analysis of variance,
significant differences were seen only in an overall Group
effect (p<.0005). The Eyes Open stance (p=.02) and Walk
(p=.01) measures contributed most to this effect. The lack
of significance in other analyses may have resulted from low
sample size, high variation of scores, initial group
differences, or perhaps an ineffective treatment program. / Graduation date: 1997
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