The purpose of this study was twofold: 1. To determine the validity of the 9 minute and 12 minute timed runs and the 1600 metre distance run as predictors of peak oxygen uptake and therefore as measures of cardiorespiratory fitness in girls 8 to 11 years of age. 2. To determine the reliability of the 9 minute and 12 minute timed runs and the 1600 metre distance run as measures of cardiorespiratory endurance. Hypotheses were formulated from these two major purposes as well as from additonal problems which included: (i) studying the relationship between the timed/distance runs and peak oxygen uptake as the distance and time components of the runs increased, (ii) determining the intercorrelatons between two different timed or distance runs with respect to the distance and the length of time spent running. Sixty female subjects from Crofton House School and St. Patrick's Elementary School, Vancouver, B.C., were tested on the three timed/distance runs, the 9 minute, 12 minute and,1600 metre runs and a peak oxygen uptake treadmill test. Anthropometric measures (height, weight and percent body fat) were also taken. Prior to the timed/distance run testing all of the subjects were taught the concept of paced running and had four practise runs to practise this concept. Twenty of the subjects completed all the testing. The validities of the 9 minute, the 12 minute and the 1600 metre runs as predictors of peak oxygen uptake and the interrelationships between all the variables were determined by developing a correlation matrix. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to select the independent variables (age, height, weight, percent body fat, 9 minute timed run, 12 minute timed run and the 1600 metre distance run) that best predicted the dependent variable, peak oxygen uptake. The reliabilities of the 9 minute, the 12 minute and the 1600 metre runs were determined by developing test-retest reliability correlation coefficients. The results indicated that all three timed/distance runs were significantly correlated with peak oxygen uptake. The 9 minute timed run exhibited the highest correlation with peak oxygen uptake followed by the 1600 metre distance run and the 12 minute timed run. Both the 1600 metre distance run and the 12 minute timed run showed significant test-retest reliability correlations, therefore were reliable predictors of peak oxygen uptake in girls 8 to 11 years-of age. The intercorrelations between the timed and distance runs showed the 9 minute timed run and the 1600 metre distance run having the highest degree of relationship followed by the 1600 metre distance run and the 12 minute timed run and finally the 9 minute and 12 minute timed runs. In conclusion both the 1600 metre distance run and the 12 minute timed run were considered to be reliable field tests and predicted peak oxygen uptake in girls 8 to 11 years of age. The 1600 metre distance run exhibited higher validity and reliability correlations and therefore would be the preferred field test of cardiorespiratory fitness in girls 8 to 11 years of age. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 A44 / Master of Science

Submitted in fulfilment for the Degree of Masters in Technology: Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2010. / Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of premature deaths worldwide. In South Africa, approximately 195 people die from cardiovascular diseases each day. The earlier coronary artery disease (CAD) is detected, the better the prognosis. NT- pro- brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a cardiac neurohormone that is secreted in the cardiac ventricles in response to excessive stretching of heart muscle cells. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is currently being used as a marker of left ventricular dysfunction but limitations are evident in patients with sepsis, volume overload, stroke and acute mitral regurgitation. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to identify a possible value of NT- proBNP level which indicates CAD. It also aimed to compare NT- proBNP levels with the number of diseased vessels; to assess the association between proBNP levels and patients’ age and gender; to determine the percentage of false positive proBNP levels; to determine the probability of false positive exercise stress testing and to correlate NT- proBNP levels with LVEDP. METHODS: Sixty patients were recruited from the Cardiology Department at St Anne’s hospital to participate in this trial. They were divided into two groups; Group A, the control group, consisted of thirty patients with a positive EST and Group B, the experimental group, consisted of thirty patients with an inconclusive EST. After the EST, all patients from both groups were required to have a NT- proBNP blood test, a left and right coronary angiogram and a left ventriculogram. iii RESULTS: Results of the study showed that post EST NT- proBNP levels, in both groups, increased in the presence of CAD (p<0.001). For the positive EST group, the area under the ROC curve was 0.975 which was highly statistically significantly different from the null hypothesis value of 0.5 (p<0.001) and a cut- off value of 120 pg/ml was identified with the highest sensitivity (95.7%) and specificity (100%). For patients in the inconclusive EST group, the area under the ROC curve was 0.912 which was highly statistically significantly different from the null hypothesis value of 0.5 (p<0.001) and a cut-off value of 85 pg/ml was identified with the highest sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (86.4%). There was a statistically significant difference between the median NT- proBNP values of males and females in the group of patients with positive EST (p=0.048). The values were higher in males. However, there was no significant difference between the genders in the group with an inconclusive EST. A strong and significant correlation (p<0.001) between left ventricular end diastolic pressures (LVEDP) and number of disease vessels was demonstrated. The probability of a false positive result for EST was 24.1%. and the probability of a false negative result was 25.8%. CONCLUSION: Results of the study showed that post EST NT- proBNP levels, in both groups, increased in the presence of CAD and could accurately predict the presence of CAD. Cut- off values of 120 pg/ml for the positive EST group and 85 pg/ml for the inconclusive EST group were identified with the highest sensitivity and specificity. In the positive EST group, a trend of increasing NT-proBNP with age was and NT-proBNP values were higher in males. The positive EST was relatively accurate at predicting CAD; however, 75.9% of patients with an inconclusive EST did not have CAD.Exercise stress testing in this regard, is therefore relatively inaccurate at predicting CAD in patients with inconclusive ESTs, and the need for an additional tool, such as NT-proBNP measurements post inconclusive EST is warranted in the determination of the presence of CAD. / DUT Postgraduate office

This thesis investigated the effect of high intensity, intermittent exercise (HIIE) on fat loss in young, sedentary women. It attempted also to identify possible mechanisms underpinning exercise-induced changes in adiposity. Study 1 investigated some of the metabolic and hormonal responses to two variations of HIIE. Sixteen female subjects were tested. The first session involved a cycle ergometer VO2peak test. The next two sessions were completed in random order. After baseline measures the women did 20 min of HIIE. There was a short bout exercise of 8 s work, followed by 12 s relative rest and a long bout exercise of 24 s work followed by 36 s relative rest. Seven subjects had excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and resting metabolic rate determined. Both exercise modalities made significant demands on the participants??? oxygen delivery systems. RER diminished over the 20 min of exercise and plasma glycerol concentrations increased. Lactate concentrations rose. Catecholamine concentrations were elevated postexercise. There was an elevated EPOC associated with above baseline fat utilisation. Study 2, a 15-week training study, was a randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of short bout HIIE and steady state (SS) exercise on fat loss. Forty-five women were randomly assigned to one of three groups: HIIE, SS, or control. Preliminary and posttraining testing included a DEXA scan and a VO2peak test including blood collection. All participants completed 3-d diet diaries and maintained their current diet for the course of the study. Participants exercised three times a week for the next 15 weeks under supervision. The HIIE group did 20 min of HIIE (8 s work:12 s rest) at a workload determined from the VO2peak test. The SS group cycled at 60%VO2peak , building to a maximum of 40 min exercise. Both exercise groups increased VO2peak . The HIIE group had a significant loss of total body mass (TBM) and fat mass (FM) when compared to the other groups. There was no change in dietary intake. There have been a number of studies examining the acute effects of HIIE but, to our knowledge, this is the first study examining the chronic effects of this particular exercise protocol.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. David Pargman, Florida State University, College of Education, Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 16, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.