Economic literature suggests that private firms, especially small and medium ones, may not pursue technology research and development projects because of complexity of technology and financial barriers. Two main economic rationales have been discussed for public subsidies of private-sector research and development (R&D). First is the generation of positive externalities. Government R & D subsidies can have positive spillovers so that other firms or society would benefit. A second rationale is derived from the fact that government subsidies provide information on firms to financial institutions and potential investors. Information asymmetries tend to exclude entrepreneurs from private investments [Eshima, 2003]. Taiwan launched similar SBIR in 1997. Since then, Taiwan¡¦s SBIR research budget has steadily increased. SBIR¡¦s actual expenditure increased from NT$340 million to NT$520 million from 2004 to 2005. The SBIR produced 839 patents, 523 patent applications, 210 technical papers, and 265 contracts and industrial services in 2005. With respect to the benefits of research and development, the SBIR also produced 285 enterprise investments in 2005. There are many researches on the TDP and the objects are almost the firms which got the subsidies. On the other hand, there is no research focus on the firms which failed to apply. Because it is limited to examine the effect of the government subsidies, we can not know comprehensively whether the subsidies raise the companies¡¦ performance or not. This paper evaluates public support of private-sector R&D through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program in Taiwan. We not only want to know the effect of the subsidy subjects on the individual company, but also find the significant differences in the performance of the companies which got the subsidies or not. SBIR has been launched for seven years since 1999. The method which measures long-term performance should be applied. The research uses the Lerner and Eshima¡¦s quasi-experiment framework of the policy estimate to the United States and Japan. We distribute the firms into two groups. One is the treat firms that received subsidy, and the other is the matched firms each that applied the subsidy but not received. Furthermore, the research estimates the effect of the subsidies on the performance of the firms¡¦ R&D activities and operation with t tests of paired.

published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

This work presents the calibration of the energy response of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). The development of the energy response processor RSP and its use in setting the energy scale of SNO and reconstructing the energy of neutrino-like events is presented for each of the three phases of SNO: the pure heavy water phase, the salt phase, and the neutral current detector (NCD) phase. A 16N calibration source, producing mainly 6.13 MeV γ-rays, is the primary energy calibration source. It is used to set the energy scale of the detector and to test for errors in the energy calibration and reconstruction process. The errors associated with energy reconstruction in the pure heavy water and salt phase data, that is to be used in a low energy threshold solar 8B neutrino analysis, are derived for the RSP energy response processor and shown to be in agreement with other analyses. The largest of the errors, that associated with using the 16N source to set the energy scale of the detector, is improved through a detailed and thorough analysis. The calibration of the energy scale of the photomultiplier tube array in the third phase, with an array of 3He proportional counters (NCDs) distributed within the heavy water, is presented. The event energy reconstruction errors in the NCD phase are reassessed with more precise measurements and shown to be in agreement with the conservative estimates used in the analysis SNO presented in 2008. The implications of the improvements in the error are assessed and the solar 8B neutrino fluxes—charged current (CC), elastic scattering (ES), and neutral current (NC)—are determined to be: φCC = 1.68+0.09−0.07, φES = 1.79+0.25-0.22, and φNC = 5.52+0.48-0.45, in units of 10^6/cm^2/s. The errors quoted are the combined statistical and systematic uncertainties. These results are in good agreement with the results published by SNO in 2008 with a modest improvement in the CC measurement. / Thesis (Ph.D, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-23 01:40:45.237

No description available.

University, Diss., 2007--Köln.

Frankfurt (Main), Universiẗat, Diss., 2008. / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2007.

Zugl.: Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2008.

Zugl.: Erlangen, Nürnberg, Diss., 2007

Zugl.: Hannover, Univ., veränd. Diss., 2008 u.d.T.: Gewagte Räume