Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This Thesis addresses the problem of robust experiment design, i.e., how to design an input signal to maximise the amount of information obtained from an experiment given limited prior knowledge of the true system. The majority of existing literature on experiment design specifically considers optimal experiment design, which, typically depends on the true system parameters, that is, the very thing that the experiment is intended to find. This obviously gives rise to a paradox. The results presented in this Thesis, on robust experiment design, are aimed at resolving this paradox. In the robust experiment design problem, we assume that the parameter vector is a-priori known to belong to a given compact set, and study the design of an input spectrum which maximises the worst case scenario over this set. We also analyse the problem from a different perspective where, given the same assumption on the parameter vector, we examine cost functions that give rise to an optimal input spectrum independent of the true system features. As a first approach to this problem we utilise an asymptotic (in model order) expression for the variance of the system transfer function estimator. To enable the extension of these results to finite order models, we digress from the main topic and develop several fundamental integral limitations on the variance of estimated parametric models. Based on these results, we then return to robust experiment design, where the input design problems are reformulated using the fundamental limitations as constraints. In this manner we establish that our previous results, obtained from asymptotic variance formulas, are valid also for finite order models. Robustness issues in experiment design also arise in the area of `identification for (robust) control'. In particular, a new paradigm has recently been developed to deal with experiment design for control, namely `least costly experiment design'. In the Thesis we analyse least costly experiment design and establish its equivalence with the standard formulation of experiment design problems. Next we examine a problem involving the cost of complexity in system identification. This problem consists of determining the minimum amount of input power required to estimate a given system with a prescribed degree of accuracy, measured as the maximum variance of its frequency response estimator over a given bandwidth. In particular, we study the dependence of this cost on the model order, the required accuracy, the noise variance and the size of the bandwidth of interest. Finally, we consider the practical problem of how to optimally generate an input signal given its spectrum. Our solution is centered around a Model Predictive Control (MPC) based algorithm, which is straightforward to implement and exhibits fast convergence that is empirically verified.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes special report study entitled : [1] Role of stream water in architectural and permaculture design.-- [2]Exploration on the use of natural energy. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

In the upcoming deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE), Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) will be used as the detector technology, and argon will be used as the nuclear target. In order to reduce the systematic uncertainties on the extracted oscillation parameters, a more precise description of the argon nuclear structure is needed. Electron scattering has been one of the most powerful methods of studying the nuclear structure of a target. Therefore we performed an electron scattering experiment E12-14- 012 in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab). In the E12-14-012 experiment, we collected data for the inclusive (e,e′) and exclusive (e,e′p) processes for a variety of targets (argon, titanium, aluminum, carbon) at a wide range of kinematics. This thesis presents the measurements of the double differential cross sections for carbon, titanium, aluminum and argon at beam energy E = 2.222 GeV and scattering angle θ = 15.541◦ / Doctor of Philosophy / In the upcoming deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE), Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) will be used as the detector technology, and argon will be used as the nuclear target. In order to reduce the systematic uncertainties on the extracted oscillation parameters, a more precise description of the argon nuclear structure is needed. Electron scattering has been one of the most powerful methods of studying the nuclear structure of a target. Therefore we performed an electron scattering experiment E12-14- 012 in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab). In the E12-14-012 experiment, we collected data for the inclusive (e,e′ ) and exclusive (e,e′p) processes for a variety of targets (argon, titanium, aluminum, carbon) at a wide range of kinematics. This thesis presents the measurements of the double differential cross sections for carbon, titanium, aluminum and argon at beam energy E = 2.222 GeV and scattering angle θ = 15.541◦ .

Mayer, Davis och Schoorman (1995) definierar förtroende som villighet att vara beroende av en annan individ, och då också göra sig sårbar, i tron att individen kommer göra något som anses som viktigt för den egna personen. Khanfar, Zapantis, Alkhateeb, Clauson och Beckey (2013) fann att apotekarens klädsel påverkade förtroendet de fick. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om utomstående persons kläder påverkar förtroende vid grupparbete. Frågeställningarna var Påverkar klädseln på en person utanför gruppen förtroendet för den egna gruppen vid en mattematisk gruppuppgift och Påverkar klädseln på en person utanför gruppen förtroendet för personen utanför gruppen vid en mattematisk gruppuppgift. Ett experiment genomfördes där 20 deltagare slumpades i två olika betingelser där person utanför gruppen hade träningskläder eller kavaj på sig. Ett instrument skapades för att mäta förtroende till gruppen och förtroende till person utanför gruppen. Resultatet visade ingen signifikant skillnad för förtroende till person utanför gruppen men en signifikant minskning av förtroendet till gruppen.

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Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 2007

Zugl.: Köln, Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans le cadre du programme R et D PARRNe (Production d'atomes radioactifs riches en neutrons ). Ce programme vise d'une façon générale à déterminer les conditions optimales pour produire d'intenses faisceaux d'isotopes riches en neutrons. Cette thèse traite des multiples aspects techniques liés à la production d'isotopes radioactifs séparés en ligne (ISOL). Elle porte principalement sur le développement de l'ensemble cible-source qui est l'élément clé pour les projets comme SPIRAL-2 ou EURISOL. La première partie présente les différentes méthodes utilisant la fission comme réaction exploitée en ligne ainsi que leur comparaison : fission thermique, fission induite par des neutrons rapides et photofission. L'expérience faite au CERN a permis de valider la photofission comme mode prometteur pour la production d'ions radioactifs, c'est pour cela que l'IPN d'Orsay a décidé de construire un accélérateur linéaire d'électrons auprès du Tandem d'Orsay (ALTO). La deuxième partie de cette thèse a porté sur le développement de cibles d'uranium. Des techniques d'analyse comme la diffraction X et la microscopie électronique à balayage ont été utilisées. Elles ont permis de déterminer les caractéristiques chimiques et structurales de cibles de carbure d'uranium portées à différentes températures de chauffage. Après la production le processus d'ionisation est étudié. Deux types de sources ont été mises en oeuvre : la première est une source à ionisation de surface et la deuxième est une source basée sur l'ionisation résonante par laser. Ces deux types de sources seront utilisées pour le projet ALTO.