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The purpose of this study is to find out how teachers relate and work with physics and technology in a fun and interesting way. How they perform activities in physics and technology and how they use the different phenomena with concepts. Implementation of this study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews and structured observations. The observations were carried out in connection with the experiments were conducted. The interviews were chosen to be conducted in a peaceful environment where teachers had time to reflect on their answers. Teachers’ thoughts, teaching methods and approach are the basic aspects in the study. The results of the study show that teachers are actively working with the physics and technology in preschool. They work for the interests of children and work to maintain interest in an efficient manner. The result also shows that teachers feel it is important to use concepts in activities with the children. The teachers use terms but does not explain the meaning of them.

To recall educational content from a lecture or textbook is an efficient way to learn (Karpicke & Blunt, 2011), which is referred to as retrieval practice (Karpicke & Roediger, 2008). It is currently seldom used among students (Karpicke, Butler, & Roediger, 2009), even though it provides benefits such as reducing test anxiety (Agarwal, D’Antonio, Roediger III, McDermott, & McDaniel, 2014), longer lasting memories (Karpicke & Blunt, 2011), and also benefit future learning (Pastötter & Bäuml, 2014). But, in order for retrieval practice to work efficiently, the students must not fail to recall too much of the educational content (Kornell, Bjork, & Garcia, 2011). So in order to help students use retrieval practice, I suggest they are provided with an outlining of the educational content, as this probably helps them remember and recall more of it. In this thesis, I conclude with an experimental approach that it is possible to help students remember such knowledge outlines, and how it can be done. Furthermore, since knowledge such as knowledge about the human anatomy, can be catalytic in the sense that it can enhance future learning (Hattie, 2009; Van Overschelde & Healy, 2001), I also suggest that catalytic knowledge should be identified and made memorable by educators using similar techniques as in this study.

Phosphorus (P) pollution of waterbodies is a global issue with detrimental environmental, social and economic impacts. Low-cost and sustainable P removal technologies are therefore required to tackle P pollution, whilst also offering a technique for reclaiming P. Ochre, a waste product from minewater treatment plants (MWTPs), has been proposed as a suitable material for the removal of P from enriched waters due to a high content of Fe, Al, Ca and Mg, which have high affinities for P removal. Whilst a range of studies have been conducted investigating ochre as a P adsorbent, most of these are large-scale field experiments and lack understanding of the underlying processes of P removal by ochre. There have also been very few detailed comparisons of different ochre types. The primary focus of this thesis is thus to provide a process-based understanding of P removal by various ochres, in order to investigate the optimal conditions for the use of ochres in the treatment of aquatic P pollution. Seven ochres from six MWTPs in the UK and Ireland were investigated, one of which was in a pelleted form. The ochres were largely comprised of Al, Ca, Fe and Mg (42-68 % by dry weight), had a high B.E.T. surface area, 56-243 m2 g-1, and contained mineral surfaces with a high affinity for P adsorption, such as goethite and calcite. A novel batch experiment methodology was utilised to calculate the adsorption characteristics of ochre at discrete pH conditions. The variation of these characteristics with pH indicates the importance and requirement for such a method to study adsorption by materials at the expected pH conditions of application. At the pH conditions of wastewater streams (~pH 7), the P adsorption capacities of the ochres, determined from fitting adsorption isotherms, was 11.8–43.1 mg P g-1. Results of P adsorption batch experiments were modelled in ORCHESTRA, wherein P removal by the ochres was described well by adsorption onto hydrous ferric oxides. Three of the ochres contain relatively high calcite contents and due to a poor fit of the model to the observed datasets at high pH conditions, with equilibrium P concentrations lower in the batch experiments than the modelled result, adsorption onto calcite is suggested as a P removal mechanism for these ochres at pH > 7. Environmental application of ochre filters will require P removal under flow-through transport conditions. Column experiments were therefore conducted using two ochres, coarse-grained Polkemmet ochre and Acomb pellets (column volume 1055 cm3, pore space 490-661 cm3, typical pore volumes of experiments: 220-400). P removal efficiency increased with contact time, and the presence of competing ions had only marginal effects on P removal. Resting the column substrate for 48 hours between P applications greatly increased the P removal efficiency of a packed column of Polkemmet ochre, resulting in 81 % of influent P removed over 1000 pore volumes of operation (7.68 mg P g-1). Acomb pellets had a lower P removal efficiency than Polkemmet ochre. It is suggested that the high calcium content of the pellets, as a result of the pelletisation process, has created a substrate where the dominant P removal mechanism at neutral pH conditions is adsorption to calcite, which has slower reaction kinetics than adsorption onto goethite. Therefore, this pelleted ochre requires a higher contact time for adsorption reactions to occur. It is suggested that ochre filters are most suitable for application in situations where flow rate is constant or can be controlled e.g. septic tank effluent. Ochres which dry to a coarse particle size are preferred for use as a substrate as pelletisation requires capital, expertise and can produce substrates with slower P sorption kinetics. Resting the filter substrate between P application regenerates surface sites for adsorption, and filters should be run in parallel to maximise P removal efficiency. Acomb pellets, which are a mix of iron hydroxides and alkaline materials, may have potential application as a permeable reactive barrier substrate to treat P enriched ground waters. Further research utilising fine-grained ochres as an additive to P rich fertilisers or for use in continuously stirred tank reactors is recommended.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Zugl.: Duisburg-Essen, 2004. / Nebent.: Kooperatives Arbeiten im Chemieunterricht.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes special report study entitled : Animals and plants mutualism :the key of orangic farming. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

The theme of this diploma thesis is the Criminalistic Experiment. The first chapter deals with more general issues. It states what is meant by the experiment in the normal sense and then explains the difference between experiment and the criminalistic experiment. The next chapter discusses the essence of the criminalistic experiment. The second chapter describes the legal treatment of the investigative trial, especially in Act No. 141/1961 Coll., Criminal Procedure Code. The issue of people participating in the investigative trial is also easily mentioned. The third chapter focuses on the historical aspects of the investigative trial, the comparison of several criminologists and their view on the subject of a criminalistic experiment. Next, the fourth chapter describes the investigative trial in comparison with similar forensic operations, and reconstruction, clearance testimony on the spot, recognition, and inspection of forensic expertise. The fifth chapter focuses on the essence, purpose, and objectives of the investigative attempt of the forensic science. The sixth chapter divides the investigative trial into several types, in terms of when they occur or according to the facts. The seventh chapter discusses in greater detail the questions pertaining to participants in the investigative trial....

Gamification soll durch Spielelemente die Motivation in spielfremden Kontexten erhöhen, an Untersuchungen zur Wirkung einzelner Spielelemente mangelt es jedoch. Die vorliegende Studie leistet einen Beitrag dazu diese Lücke zu schließen. In einem Experiment mit 505 Teilnehmern konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Spielelemente Abzeichen, Feedback, Fortschrittsanzeige und Story einzeln und kombiniert angewendet zu signifikanten Motivationssteigerungen führen, sich aber im Motivationspotenzial unterscheiden.