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Fatigue failure of metallic structures operating under dynamic loading is a common occurrence in engineering applications. It is difficult to estimate the response of complicated systems analytically, due to structure&amp / #8217 / s dynamic characteristics and varying loadings. Therefore, experimental, numerical or a combination of both methods are used for fatigue evaluations. Fatigue failure can occur on systems and platforms as well as components to be mounted on the platform. In this thesis, a helicopter&amp / #8217 / s Missile Warning Sensor - Cowling assembly is analyzed. Analytical, numerical and experimental approaches are used wherever necessary to perform stress and fatigue analyses. Operational flight tests are used for obtaining the loading history at the analyzed location by using sensors. Operational vibration profiles are created by synthesizing the data (LMS Mission Synthesis). Numerical fatigue analysis of the assembly is done for determining the natural modes and the critical locations on the assembly by using a finite element model (MSC Fatigue). In addition, numerical multiaxial PSD analysis is performed for relating the experimental results (Ansys). Residual stresses due to riveting are determined (MSC Marc) and included in experimental analysis as mean stresses. Bolt analysis is performed analytically (Hexagon) for keeping the v assembly stresses in safe levels while mounting the experimental prototype to the test fixture. Fatigue tests for determining the accelerated life parameters are done by an electromagnetic shaker and stress data is collected. Afterwards, fatigue test is performed for determining whether the assembly satisfies the required operational life. Resonance test is performed at the frequency in which the critical location is at resonance, since there was no failure observed after fatigue testing. A failure is obtained during resonance test. At the end of the study, an analytical equation is brought up which relates accelerated life test durations with equivalent alternating stresses. Therefore, optimization of the accelerated life test duration can be done, especially in military applications, by avoiding the maximum stress level to reach or exceed the yield limit.

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Failure of metallic structures operating under shock loading is a common occurrence in engineering applications. It is difficult to estimate the response of complicated systems analytically, due to structure&rsquo / s dynamic characteristics and varying loadings. Therefore, experimental, numerical or a combination of both methods are used for evaluations. The experimental analysis of the shocks due to firing is done for 12.7mm Gatling gun and 25mm cannon. During the tests, the Gatling gun and the cannon are located on military Stabilized Machine Gun Platform and Stabilized Cannon Platform respectively. For the firing tests, ICP (integrated circuit piezoelectric) accelerometers are attached to obtain the loading history for corresponding points. Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) analysis (nCode Glypworks) is done to define the equivalent shock profiles created on test pieces and the mount of 25mm cannon by means of the gun and the cannon firing. Transient shock analysis of the test pieces and the mount are done by applying the obtained shock profiles on the parts in a finite element model (ANSYS). Furthermore, experimental stress analysis due to shock loading is performed for two different types of material and different thicknesses of the test pieces. The input data for the analysis is obtained through measurements from strain rosette precisely located at the critical location of the test pieces. As a result of the thesis, a proposal is tried to be introduced where strain energy density theory is applied to predict the shock failure at military structures.

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[pt] Este trabalho procura apresentar e discutir, através do estudo de um caso especifico, alguns aspectos da análise de tensões em tubulações compostas por curvas em gomos. O problema estudado corresponde às condições de operação de um sistema que liga o reator a um vaso de pressão de uma planta de produção de ácido fosfórico. A elevada relação diâmetro/espessura deste duto impede que os procedimentos usuais do cálculo de flexibilidade de tubulações, baseados na teoria de vigas, sejam aplicados. Assim, foi utilizado o método dos elementos finitos através de elementos tipo casca. Esta análise numérica foi validada através de modelagens experimentais - extensometros elétricos e medidas de ovalização num modelo reduzido - e analitica - solução de Kitching. Foram também examinados os efeitos sobre o comportamento da tubulação devido aos flanges e diferentes condições de contorno impostas às suas extremidades. Alem disso, o procedimento de calculo sugerido pela norma ANSI/ASME foi discutido. / [en] The aim of this work is to present and discuss the structural behaviour of piping systems containning mitred bends. A duct that joins a reactor to a catch-all vessel of a phosporic acid production unit was studied under the thermal loads (in-plane) imposed during its operation. The pipe high diameter to thichness ratio makes unsuitable the approach of usual flexibility analysis (beam theory) so the finite element method was applied using shell elements. The finite element model was verified by an experimental analysis and by comparing results with those obtainned from a theoretical solution proposed by Kitching. The end effects due to flanges and the piping behaviour when different boundary conditions are imposed at its ends were studied. Also the ANSI/ASME standards for flexibility analysis were discussed.

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