To be truly rooted in my final degree project, I decided to go back to something that fascinated me as a child; To live among the trees. I remember trees standing out as individuals, as landmarks, and as architecture. Cultures all around the world displays importance in their relationship to trees, be it a source for shelter, food, symbolic references or playing as a child. This project explores the actual building process, when constructing something in a living tree. It turns into both a physical and mental challange. This project is divided into two main modes; (1) a research activity, and (2) a building action. The method is almost an intuitive one, being in the tree, at the construction site, as I both come up with design concepts, metaphores and physical solutions for the project. The conclusions are both sketches and real solutions as much as the actual final tree house experience. The site is situated about 10 km south of Uppsala, Sweden. / För att ha en tydlig grund i mitt sista projekt i utbildningen, valde jag att gå tillbaka till något som fascinerade mig som barn, att bo bland trädtopparna. Jag minns träd som individer, som landmärken och som arkitektur i sig själva. I alla kulturer runt planeten finns tydliga relationer till träden, om det är en källa för mat och husrum, symboliken i religioner, och lekfullheten hos barn. Det här projektet utforskar själva byggnadsprocessen, genom att bygga i ett levande träd. Det blir både en fysisk och en mental utmaning. Projektets process har fortgått i två huvudsakliga grenar, (1) en forskingsaktivitet, och (2) ett konstruktionsexperiment. Metoden har varit nästan intuitiv, varandet i naturen och i trädet har fått styra både konstruktionen och designidéer. Slutprodukten åär både skisser, och riktiga fysiska lösningar, samt erfarenheten av att vara i själva trädhuset. Platsen för bygganden ligger ungefär 10 km söder om Uppsal, Sverige.

Borehole heat exchangers are widely used in heat pumps of residential buildings and industrialsystems. It is known as one of the most energy ecient technologies which provides heatingand cooling by using sustainable geothermal energy. The life time of borehole heat exchangerslasts more than 50 years which is longer than combustion boilers. Therefore, designing abore eld with accurate sizing is important for its future applications. Due to the large volumeof the ground, the transient heat transfer process of the bore eld lasts for a long time span. Because of this, only a few of the heat transfer models for borehole ground heat exchangersare validated by experiments. Besides, experimental validation in a real scale borehole can bedicult because of the uncertainty of the composition and thermal properties of the ground. A solution to faster experimental validation is to scale down the size of the borehole andground. This report presents the construction process of a lab-scale model simulating a 4x4 bore eldof 300 m depth vertical boreholes. The process of experimental construction is describedin detail, including ground set up, conductivity test, construction of hydraulic system anddata acquisition system. The pressure drop of hydraulics system is around 2.8 bar under the a flow rate of 200 ml/min and corresponding pump speed is around 2900 to 3100 rpm. The property of the sand has been investigated through a series of conductivity tests, which shows an average thermal conductivity of 1.75 W / (m • K) and average thermal diffusivity of 8.14x10-7 m2/s. Numerical simulation (via COMSOL) is carried out for preliminary validation. Comparison of experimental and simulation results shows discrepancies and one possible reason can be: the actual heat injection rate in experiment is lower than simulation due to heat losses of hydraulic system; uncertainty of ground (saturated sand) conductivity and thermal diffusivity. / Borrhålsvärmeväxlare används ofta i värmepumpar i bostadshus och industrisystem. Det är känt som en av de mest energieffektiva teknikerna som tillhandahåller värme och kyla genom att använda hållbar geotermisk energi. Livslängden för borrhålsvärmeväxlare varar mer än 50 år vilket är längre än förbränningspannor. Därför är det viktigt att utforma ett borrfalt med exakt dimensionering för dess framtida tillämpningar. På grund av den stora markvolymen varar den transienta värmeöverforingsprocessen i borrfältet under lång tid. På grund av detta är endast ett fåtal av värmeöverföringsmodellerna för borrhålsjordvärmeväxlare validerade genom experiment. Dessutom kan experimentell validering i ett borrhål i verklig skala vara svårt på grund av osäkerheten i markens sammansättning och termiska egenskaper. En lösning för snabbare experimentell validering är att skala ner storleken på borrhålet och marken. Denna rapport presenterar konstruktionsprocessen av en modell i labbskala som simulerar ett 4x4-borrfält med 300 m djupa vertikala borrhål. Processen for experimentell konstruktion beskrivs i detalj, inklusive markuppställning, konduktivitetstest, konstruktion av hydraulsystem och datainsamlingssystem. Tryckfallet for hydrauliksystemet är cirka 2,8 bar under en flödeshastighet pa 200 ml/min och motsvarande pumphastighet är runt 2900 till 3100 rpm. Sandens egenskaper har undersökts genom en serie konduktivitetstester, som visar en genomsnittlig värmeledningsformåga pa 1,75 W/(m • K) och en genomsnittlig termisk dffusivitet på 8.14x10 -7 m2/s.  Numerisk simulering (via COMSOL) utförs för preliminär validering. Jämförelse av experimentella och simuleringsresultat visar avvikelser och en möjlig orsak kan vara: den faktiska värmeinsprutningshastigheten i experimentet är lägre än simulering på grund av värmeförluster i hydraulsystemet; osäkerhet i markens (mättad sand) konduktivitet och termisk diffusivitet.

A tese investiga o ensino de arquitetura e urbanismo no Brasil, enfatizando a experimentação prática e as possíveis aplicações nos seus contextos locais. Apresenta como estas atividades têm sido desenvolvidas no curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), e como a história de 108 anos da instituição, ligadas ao ensino tecnológico, influenciam as bases pedagógicas do curso. Apresenta também uma proposta para melhoria da qualidade de vida nas universidades, aplicada à UTFPR. Examina doze novos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo das Instituições Federais no Brasil, com o máximo de dez anos (2006-2016), apresentando a forma como estes cursos, integrados com as comunidades locais, vêm contribuindo para o ensino. Organiza duas descrições históricas, uma referente à evolução dos cursos no Brasil, culminando em uma base cadastral dos mesmos, a qual mostra uma análise pouco positiva referente às avaliações dos cursos. Outra, refere-se aos aspectos pedagógicos gerais e aplicados ao ensino de arquitetura e urbanismo, os quais apontam para novas formas de pedagogias mais abertas, e a importância do Canteiro Experimental como eixo estruturante nos cursos. Diante destas constatações, as quais indicam a necessidade da mudança de paradigmas no ensino superior no Brasil, são propostos conceitos norteadores que podem contribuir para novos caminhos em busca da excelência na formação profissional do arquiteto e urbanista. / The present thesis investigates how Archicture and Urban Planning is taught in Brasil, emphasizing the practical experimentation and possible applications in its local contexts. It presents how these activities have been developed in the Undergraduate course of Architecture and Urban Planning at Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) and how 108 years of history , together whit technological teaching, have influenced the pedagogical bases of the course. In addition, it presents a project to improve the quality of life in the universities, applied to UTFPR. It searches twelve new undergraduate programs of Architecture and Urban Planning at Federal Institutions in Brazil, ten-years old maximum (2006-2016), showing how these courses, integrated whit local comunnities, have been contributing to education. This research organizes two historical descriptions. One about the evolution of the courses in Brazil - that culminates in a data base that shows a not very positive analysis of those courses evaluation. Furthermore, it refers to the general pedagogical aspects and its application to the teaching of Architecture and Urban Planning, which point to new kinds of more open pegagogies, and the importance of the Experimental Construction as a structuring axis in the courses. Considering these findings, which indicate the need of a paradigm shift in higher education in Brazil, guiding concepts are proposed that may contribute to new paths in the search of excellence in the professional training of the Architect and Urban Planner.

A tese investiga o ensino de arquitetura e urbanismo no Brasil, enfatizando a experimentação prática e as possíveis aplicações nos seus contextos locais. Apresenta como estas atividades têm sido desenvolvidas no curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), e como a história de 108 anos da instituição, ligadas ao ensino tecnológico, influenciam as bases pedagógicas do curso. Apresenta também uma proposta para melhoria da qualidade de vida nas universidades, aplicada à UTFPR. Examina doze novos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo das Instituições Federais no Brasil, com o máximo de dez anos (2006-2016), apresentando a forma como estes cursos, integrados com as comunidades locais, vêm contribuindo para o ensino. Organiza duas descrições históricas, uma referente à evolução dos cursos no Brasil, culminando em uma base cadastral dos mesmos, a qual mostra uma análise pouco positiva referente às avaliações dos cursos. Outra, refere-se aos aspectos pedagógicos gerais e aplicados ao ensino de arquitetura e urbanismo, os quais apontam para novas formas de pedagogias mais abertas, e a importância do Canteiro Experimental como eixo estruturante nos cursos. Diante destas constatações, as quais indicam a necessidade da mudança de paradigmas no ensino superior no Brasil, são propostos conceitos norteadores que podem contribuir para novos caminhos em busca da excelência na formação profissional do arquiteto e urbanista. / The present thesis investigates how Archicture and Urban Planning is taught in Brasil, emphasizing the practical experimentation and possible applications in its local contexts. It presents how these activities have been developed in the Undergraduate course of Architecture and Urban Planning at Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) and how 108 years of history , together whit technological teaching, have influenced the pedagogical bases of the course. In addition, it presents a project to improve the quality of life in the universities, applied to UTFPR. It searches twelve new undergraduate programs of Architecture and Urban Planning at Federal Institutions in Brazil, ten-years old maximum (2006-2016), showing how these courses, integrated whit local comunnities, have been contributing to education. This research organizes two historical descriptions. One about the evolution of the courses in Brazil - that culminates in a data base that shows a not very positive analysis of those courses evaluation. Furthermore, it refers to the general pedagogical aspects and its application to the teaching of Architecture and Urban Planning, which point to new kinds of more open pegagogies, and the importance of the Experimental Construction as a structuring axis in the courses. Considering these findings, which indicate the need of a paradigm shift in higher education in Brazil, guiding concepts are proposed that may contribute to new paths in the search of excellence in the professional training of the Architect and Urban Planner.

The presented dissertation concerns selected topics on flat construction in the 60's - experiments and prefabricated housing estates - and examines them closely in four different layers - political, ideological, architectonic and social. The work is structured into four main chapters, which constitute four pillars to uncover the history of flat construction and its context. The initial hypothesis of the dissertation was that the birth of panel housing estates at the end of the 50's, as well as its form and content in the upcoming decade, was influenced by the different starting points of the four mentioned layers. The viewpoint of state socialism and its ideology stemmed from the situation, when architecture in the whole socialistic block seized to be the instrument of Stalinist political representation in the spirit of the socialist realism and it became an important instrument of social reform on the promoted path to communism. This opinion, projected on an economic level, lead to an assumption that an affordable and high-quality collective housing makes the society effectively economically modernized. The living in these housing estates was intended to become the "display window" of the socialist lifestyle as well as the means of a morally higher type of consumer society. In the atmosphere of...