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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Genotypisk bestämning av ESBL-producerande <em>E. coli</em> isolerade i Kronobergs län 2009

Dzafic, Sara January 2010 (has links)
<p>Vanlig tarmbakterie som Escherichia coli (E. coli) kan bland annat orsaka infektioner i bukhålan och urinvägsinfektioner. Infektioner orsakade av bakterien har ofta behandlats med betalaktamantibiotika, som penicilliner och cefalosporiner, vilket har resulterat i selektion av antibiotikaresistenta bakterier. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) är enzymer som hydrolyserar 3:e generationens cefalosporiner som cefotaxim, ceftazidim och ceftriaxon, men kan även bryta ner penicilliner, monobaktamer och övriga cefalosporiner. ESBL förekommer främst hos E. coli och Klebsiella pneumoniae. I början utgjordes ESBL-enzymerna av TEM och SHV, men idag är CTX-M den vanligaste ESBL-varianten. CTX-M genen finns i över 50 olika varianter, vilka delas in i fem subgrupper (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-9 och CTX-M-25). Syfte med arbetet var att utföra en genotypisk bestämning av ESBL-producerande E. coli, som isolerats i Kronobergs län 2009, med hjälp av realtids-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). För detektion av CTX-M användes multiplex-realtids-PCR med vilken de fem olika grupperna kunde detekteras under samma PCR-analys. Resultatet visade att den vanligaste ESBL-varianten bland ESBL-producerande E. coli i Kronobergs län 2009 var CTX-M-1 (88 positiva av 123), men ett stort antal var positiva både för CTX-M-1 och TEM (41 isolat). Den minst förekommande varianten visade sig vara SHV (2 isolat). En ökad antibiotikaresistens kan leda till svårigheter att behandla vissa vanliga infektioner som urinvägsinfektioner och infektioner efter bukoperationer. Med tanke på att E. coli är en vanlig tarmbakterie är det viktigt att motverka uppkomst och spridning av ESBL. En genotypisk karaktärisering av förekommande ESBL-stammar i Kronoberg är därför en viktig del av övervakningen<em>.</em></p>
2

Laboratorinės diagnostikos metodų, nustatančių Enterobacteriaceae šeimos plataus veikimo &#946;-laktamazių fenotipą, palyginimas bei šių fermentų paplitimo analizė Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikose 2008 - 2010 metais / Comparison of laboratory methods determining extended spectrum &#946;-lactamase phenotype of enterobacteriaceae and the prevalence analysis of these enzymes in vilnius university hospital santariskiu clinic in 2008 - 2010

Kareivienė, Sandra 27 June 2014 (has links)
Šio tyrimo tikslas palyginti diskų difuzijos ir automatizuotą metodus, nustatančius Enterobacteriaceae šeimos bakterijų plataus veikimo &#946;-laktamazių (PVBLazių) fenotipą ir įvertinti PVBLazių paplitimą Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikose 2008-2010 metais. Tyrimų analizei buvo pasirinkta 58 Enterobacteriaceae šeimos bakterijos, išskirtos 2009-2011 metais ligoniams, besigydžiusiems Vilniaus Universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikose. Bakterijos ištirtos naudojant fenotipinius PVBL nustatymo metodus: automatizuotą Phoenix sistemą (Becton Dickenson, Sparks, MD, JAV), kombinuotą diskų difuzijos metodą ir dvigubos difuzijos metodą. Automatizuota Phoenix sistema tyrime laikyta kaip patvirtinantis metodas identifikuojant bakterijas ir nustatant PVBLazių gamybos fenotipą. Tiriamąją grupę sudarė šios bakterijų rūšys: K. pneumoniae, E.coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Serratia spp., Morganella spp. ir Providencia spp.. Ištyrus 58 bakterijas patvirtinačiu metodu nustatyta, kad 31 iš jų gamina plataus veikimo beta-laktamazes. Atliktas palyginamasis diskų difuzijos metodų įvertinimas ir nustatytas jautrumas, specifiškumas, teigiama prognostinė vertė (PPV) ir neigiama prognostinė vertė (NPV). Įvertinus atliktų tyrimų duomenis nustatyta, kad kombinuoto diskų difuzijos metodo jautrumas - 100%, specifiškumas - 100%, PPV - 100%, NPV - 100%. Dvigubos difuzijos metodo jautrumas - 100%, specifiškumas – 88,9%, PPV – 91,2%, NPV - 100%. Gauti tyrimų rezultatai rodo, jog... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this study is to compare disk diffusion and automated methods for determining the Enterobacteriaceae extended spectrum-&#946;-lactamases (ESBL) phenotype and to assess the prevalence of (ESBL) at University Hospital Clinics in 2008-2010. For the study were chosen 58 bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family that were isolated in 2009-2011 in patients that were treated at Vilnius University Hospital Clinic. The bacteria studied using phenotypic methods ESBL: Phoenix automated system (Becton Dickenson, Sparks, MD, USA) combined disc diffusion method and the double-diffusion method. Automated system of Phoenix for the study was considered as a method of confirming the identification of bacteria and determination of (ESBL) production phenotype. The studied group consisted of the following bacterial species: K. pneumoniae, E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Serratia spp., Morganella spp. and Providencia spp . The examination with the validated method of 58 bacteria showed that 31 of them produce an extended spectrum beta lactamases. A performed comparative disc diffusion method was made and the evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity, positive prognostic value (PPV) and negative prognostic value (NPV) was identified. The evaluation of the data from studies showed that the combined disc diffusion method for sensitivity - 100% and specificity - 100%, PPV - 100%, NPV - 100%. Double-diffusion method for sensitivity - 100% and specificity - 88.9%, PPV - 91.2%... [to full text]
3

Genotypisk bestämning av ESBL-producerande E. coli isolerade i Kronobergs län 2009

Dzafic, Sara January 2010 (has links)
Vanlig tarmbakterie som Escherichia coli (E. coli) kan bland annat orsaka infektioner i bukhålan och urinvägsinfektioner. Infektioner orsakade av bakterien har ofta behandlats med betalaktamantibiotika, som penicilliner och cefalosporiner, vilket har resulterat i selektion av antibiotikaresistenta bakterier. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) är enzymer som hydrolyserar 3:e generationens cefalosporiner som cefotaxim, ceftazidim och ceftriaxon, men kan även bryta ner penicilliner, monobaktamer och övriga cefalosporiner. ESBL förekommer främst hos E. coli och Klebsiella pneumoniae. I början utgjordes ESBL-enzymerna av TEM och SHV, men idag är CTX-M den vanligaste ESBL-varianten. CTX-M genen finns i över 50 olika varianter, vilka delas in i fem subgrupper (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-9 och CTX-M-25). Syfte med arbetet var att utföra en genotypisk bestämning av ESBL-producerande E. coli, som isolerats i Kronobergs län 2009, med hjälp av realtids-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). För detektion av CTX-M användes multiplex-realtids-PCR med vilken de fem olika grupperna kunde detekteras under samma PCR-analys. Resultatet visade att den vanligaste ESBL-varianten bland ESBL-producerande E. coli i Kronobergs län 2009 var CTX-M-1 (88 positiva av 123), men ett stort antal var positiva både för CTX-M-1 och TEM (41 isolat). Den minst förekommande varianten visade sig vara SHV (2 isolat). En ökad antibiotikaresistens kan leda till svårigheter att behandla vissa vanliga infektioner som urinvägsinfektioner och infektioner efter bukoperationer. Med tanke på att E. coli är en vanlig tarmbakterie är det viktigt att motverka uppkomst och spridning av ESBL. En genotypisk karaktärisering av förekommande ESBL-stammar i Kronoberg är därför en viktig del av övervakningen.
4

Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae : Treatment, Selection and International Spread

Tängdén, Thomas January 2012 (has links)
The prevalence of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases is increasing worldwide. Therapeutic options for infections with these bacteria are limited not only by the production of ESBLs and carbapenemases, which confer resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems, but also by frequent co-resistance to other antibiotics. The overall aim of this thesis was to obtain a better understanding of multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae in relation to epidemiology, selection and susceptibility to antibiotic therapy. In a prospective study ESBL-producing E. coli was found to spread easily through international travel. Twenty-four of 100 Swedes travelling outside Northern Europe acquired ESBL-producing E. coli in the intestinal flora. The risk was highest for travelers visiting India and those suffering from gastroenteritis during travel. To minimize selection of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae during a hospital outbreak with these bacteria, an educational antibiotic intervention was performed at Uppsala University Hospital in 2006. The primary aim of the intervention was to reduce the consumption of parenteral cephalosporins. An immediate and radical reduction of cephalosporins was demonstrated with interrupted time series analysis. The outbreak declined during 2007 and no increased resistance to replacement antibiotics was detected. The impact of ESBL production on the antibacterial activity of ertapenem was studied in time-kill experiments. It was shown that porin-deficient subpopulations with reduced susceptibility to ertapenem frequently emerged in ESBL-producing E. coli during exposure to ertapenem at concentrations simulating human pharmacokinetics. Further, the antibacterial effects of antibiotic combinations against four strains of K. pneumoniae producing carbapenemases of the metallo-beta-lactamase type were studied in time-kill experiments. Double and triple combinations of aztreonam, fosfomycin, meropenem, rifampin and colistin at clinically relevant static concentrations were effective despite that the bacteria were frequently resistant to the individual drugs. These results indicate that there is a largely unexplored potential of antibiotic combination therapy for multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
5

Detecção e identificação de beta-lactamase de espectro-estendido (ESBL) em cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de cães / Detection and identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in Escherichia coli strains isolated from dog

Domingos, Daniela Ferreira, 1984- 16 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Domingos da Silva Leite / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T00:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Domingos_DanielaFerreira_M.pdf: 1627311 bytes, checksum: ba7a6545a75d72a741bfe8d1cda234f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O número de animais de companhia tem crescido substancialmente na sociedade atual, com estimativas de 48 milhões de cães e gatos no Brasil. A relação entre animais de companhia e os humanos mudou radicalmente nos últimos anos, esses estão em contato mais próximo com humanos. Como consequência dessas mudanças, agentes antimicrobianos, incluindo antibióticos usados no tratamento de infecções humanas, tem sido utilizados em cães. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar fenotipicamente a ocorrência de ß-lactamase de espectro estendido (ESBL) em amostras de Escherichia coli isoladas de cães e identificar os genes de resistência nestas amostras. A presença e variedade de integrons nas amostras de E. coli foi analisada. A classificação das amostras nos grupos filogenéticos A, B1, B2 e D também foram investigadas. Dentre 158 amostras de E. coli isoladas de cães sendo 51 de ITU (infecção do trato urinário), 52 de piometra e 55 de fezes de cães sadios, foram selecionadas 67 amostras que apresentavam pelo menos uma marca de resistência aos ß-lactâmicos. As amostras selecionadas: 41 isoladas de ITU, 20 isoladas de piometra e seis isoladas de fezes de animais sadios, foram submetidas a testes de sensibilidade microbiana pelo método de difusão de disco. A produção de ESBL foi verificada pelo método de aproximação de disco. A identificação dos genes das ß-lactamases foi realizada em ensaios de PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase) com primers específicos para os genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaGES-1, blaOXA-10, ampC e cmy. A classificação filogenética (chuA, yjaA, TspE4.C2), bem como a detecção de integrons das classes 1 e 2 (intI1 e intI2) também foram realizadas por PCR. Os resultados dos antibiogramas mostraram elevada resistência aos ß-lactâmicos de 1ª geração, ampicilina (82,0%) e cefalexina (62,7%) entre as amostras selecionadas. Resistência aos antimicrobianos ß-lactâmicos de 3ª e 4ª geração e ao monobactam foi observada em 7,5% das amostras. As amostras também apresentaram resistência aos antimicrobianos tetraciclina (82,0%), trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (62,7%), enrofloxacina (35,8%), florfenicol (34,3%) e ciprofloxacina (32,3%). A expressão fenotípica de ESBL foi observada em duas amostras (3,3%), ambas isoladas de animais sadios. Na análise genotípica, foram identificados os genes blaTEM, (98,5%), ampC (95,5%), blaCTX-M (35,8%), blaSHV (6%) e cmy (2,9%) destacando que os genes blaCTX-M, blaSHV e cmy apresentaram-se associados ao blaTEM e ao ampC. Pelo sequenciamento foi possível identificar as ß-lactamases do tipo TEM-1 e CTX-M-2. Na classificação filogenética as amostras foram agrupadas nos grupos B2 (59,7%), B1 (25,4%) e A (14,9%). Dentre as 67 amostras com marcas de resistência aos ß-lactâmicos, o gene int foi detectado em 26,9% , das quais 71,4% da classe 1 e 28,6% da classe 2. Por outro lado, dentre as 91 amostras sem marcas de resistência a à ß-lactâmicos, somente 3,3% apresentaram integrons, sendo todos da classe 1. As amostras com integrons foram mais comumente alocadas nos grupos filogenéticos A e B1. A presença de ESBL, de genes de resistência e integrons em E. coli isoladas de cães é um achado importante, uma vez que o contato íntimo entre humanos e cães oferece condições para a transmissão das amostras e ainda, que estes animais podem servir de reservatórios de genes de resistência. Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de controle no uso de antimicrobianos em animais de companhia e bem como o papel dos animais domésticos como reservatório de genes de resistência bacteriana, precisa ser melhor investigado / Abstract: The number of cats and dogs has substantially increased in modern society, with an estimated population of above 48 million in Brazil. The relationship between companion animals and humans has radically changed throughout the years, and animals have become in closer contact with humans. As a consequence of these changes, antimicrobial agents, including antimicrobial preparations licensed for human use, are frequently used in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate, in Escherichia coli strains isolated from dogs, the occurrence of ß-extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype and to identify resistance genes in these samples. The presence and diversity of integrons in strains of E. coli was analyzed. The classification of microorganisms in the phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2 and D was also determined. Among 158 E.coli strains isolated from dogs (51 from UTI [urinary tract infection], 52 from piometra and 55 from faeces of healthy dogs) 67 strains were selected that had at least one sign of resistance to ß-lactams. The strains selected: 41 isolated from UTI, 20 isolated from piometra and six isolated from the faeces of healthy dogs, were tested for antibiotic sensitivity by the disk diffusion method. ESBL production was screened by the double-disk synergy method. The identification of ß-lactamases was performed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using specific primers for blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaGES-1, blaOXA-10, ampC and cmy and, subsequently, sequencing of the PCR product of strains showing the ESBL phenotype was performed. The phylogenetic classification (chuA, yjaA, TspE4.C2), as well as the detection of class 1 and class 2 integrons, were also determined by PCR. The results of susceptibility tests showed high resistance to 1st generation ß lactams, ampicillin (82.0%) and cephalexin (62.7%), among the selected strains. Resistance to 3rd and 4th generation ß-lactam antibiotics and monobactam was observed in 7.5% of isolates. The strains also showed resistance to antimicrobial tetracycline (82%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (62.7%), enrofloxacin (35.8%), florfenicol (34.3%) and ciprofloxacin (32.3%). Phenotypic expression of ESBL was observed in 2 samples (3.3%), both isolated from healthy animals. In the genotypic analysis, were identified the genes, blaTEM, (98.5%), ampC (95.5%), blaCTX-M (35.8%), blaSHV (6%) and cmy (2.9%); the genes blaCTX-M, blaSHV and cmy were shown to be associated with blaTEM and ampC. By sequencing, it was possible to identify the TEM-1 and CTX-M-2 ß-lactamases. In the phylogenetic classification, strains were classified B2 (59.7%), B1 (25.4%) and A (14.9%) groups. Among the 67 strains with resistance markers to ß-lactams, the int gene was detected in 26.9% of the strains (71.4% of class 1 and 28.6% of Class 2). Moreover, among the 91 samples without a trace of resistance to ß-lactams, only 3.3% had integrons, all of class 1. Strains with integrons were more commonly housed in the phylogenetic groups A and B1. The presence of ESBL, resistance genes and integrons in E. coli isolated from dogs is an important finding, due to close contact between humans and dogs provides conditions for the transmission of microorganisms and these animals may also serve as reservoirs of isolates harboring resistance genes. These results emphasize the need to control the use of antimicrobials in companion animals and the role of livestock as a reservoir for genes of resistance should be further investigated / Mestrado / Microbiologia / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
6

Caracterização genotípica de cepas da família enterobacteriaceae produtoras de ß-lactamases de espectro estendido, isoladas de pacientes de um hospital da rede pública da cidade de São Paulo. / Genotypic characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains, isolated from patients of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo.

Dropa, Milena 13 September 2006 (has links)
Introdução - A crescente resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias responsáveis por infecções hospitalares é um grande desafio à Saúde Pública. as B-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL), que hidrolisam a maioria dos compostos B-lactâmicos, são reconhecidas mundialmente como um grande problema para pacientes hospitalizados, devido à localização de seus genes em elementos transferíveis, facilitando sua disseminação. Objetivo - Caracterizar geneticamente cepas de Enterobactérias produtoras de ESBL isoladas de pacientes de um hospital público da cidade de São Paulo. Material e métodos - Todas as cepas de enterobactérias produtoras de ESBL isoladas em um ano foram submetidas a análises moleculares pela PCR, com iniciadores específicos para oito genes bla, e as cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL positivas (ESBL-Kp) identificadas nesse período foram comparadas pela técnica de PFGE.Resultados - Os genes, bla(tem), bla(shv), bla(ctx-m), bla(per-2) bla(veb) and bla(ges) foram identificados em 9 espécies: Klebsiella pneumoniae (71,5 por cento), Escherichia coli (13,5 por cento), Morganella morganii (6 por cento), Proteus mirabilis (3 por cento), Klebsiella oxytoca (1,5 por cento), Providencia rettgeri (1,5 por cento), Providencia stuartii (1,5 por cento), Enterobacter aerogenes (0,75 por cento). Os genes bla(per-1) e bla(oxa) não foram detectados. O PFGE revelou 8 perfis moleculares principais em 68,4 por cento das ESBL-Kp, e 31,6 por cento das cepas não estavam relacionadas. Conclusões - Os resultados de PCR revelaram uma grande variedade de grupos de ESBL, e aparentemente este é o primeiro relato de grupos GES e VEB em enterobactérias no Brasil. / Introduction - The increasing antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial infections is a major public health challenge. The extended-spectrum &#946;-lactamases (ESBL), which hydrolyze most of &#946;-lactams, are recognized worldwide as a great problem to hospitalized patients, due to the transferable location of their genes, which facilitates their spreading. Objective - Genetically characterize ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from patients of a Public Hospital in the city of São Paulo. Material and Methods - All Enterobacteriaceae ESBL-producing strains isolated in an 1-year period were submitted to molecular analysis by PCR with specific primers for eight bla genes, and all ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) identified in this period were compared by the PFGE technique. Results - Genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaPER-2, blaVEB and blaGES were identified in 9 species: Klebsiella pneumoniae (71,5%), Escherichia coli (13,5%), Morganella morganii (6%), Proteus mirabilis (3%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1,5%), Providencia rettgeri (1,5%), Providencia stuartii (1,5%), Enterobacter aerogenes (0,75%) and Enterobacter cloacae (0,75%). Genes blaPER-1 and blaOXA were not detected in any strain. PFGE revealed 8 distinct main molecular patterns in 68,4% of ESBL-Kp, and 31,6% of the strains were totally unrelated. Conclusions - PCR results showed a great variety of ESBL groups in the institution, and apparently this is the first report of GES- and VEB-ESBL groups in enterobacteria in Brazil. The results suggest the spread of resistance genes in different strains of ESBL-Kp in some hospital wards, and also that some strongly related clones of these bacteria colonized patients from a neonatal ward in a 3-month period.
7

Caracterização genotípica de cepas da família enterobacteriaceae produtoras de ß-lactamases de espectro estendido, isoladas de pacientes de um hospital da rede pública da cidade de São Paulo. / Genotypic characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains, isolated from patients of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo.

Milena Dropa 13 September 2006 (has links)
Introdução - A crescente resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias responsáveis por infecções hospitalares é um grande desafio à Saúde Pública. as B-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL), que hidrolisam a maioria dos compostos B-lactâmicos, são reconhecidas mundialmente como um grande problema para pacientes hospitalizados, devido à localização de seus genes em elementos transferíveis, facilitando sua disseminação. Objetivo - Caracterizar geneticamente cepas de Enterobactérias produtoras de ESBL isoladas de pacientes de um hospital público da cidade de São Paulo. Material e métodos - Todas as cepas de enterobactérias produtoras de ESBL isoladas em um ano foram submetidas a análises moleculares pela PCR, com iniciadores específicos para oito genes bla, e as cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL positivas (ESBL-Kp) identificadas nesse período foram comparadas pela técnica de PFGE.Resultados - Os genes, bla(tem), bla(shv), bla(ctx-m), bla(per-2) bla(veb) and bla(ges) foram identificados em 9 espécies: Klebsiella pneumoniae (71,5 por cento), Escherichia coli (13,5 por cento), Morganella morganii (6 por cento), Proteus mirabilis (3 por cento), Klebsiella oxytoca (1,5 por cento), Providencia rettgeri (1,5 por cento), Providencia stuartii (1,5 por cento), Enterobacter aerogenes (0,75 por cento). Os genes bla(per-1) e bla(oxa) não foram detectados. O PFGE revelou 8 perfis moleculares principais em 68,4 por cento das ESBL-Kp, e 31,6 por cento das cepas não estavam relacionadas. Conclusões - Os resultados de PCR revelaram uma grande variedade de grupos de ESBL, e aparentemente este é o primeiro relato de grupos GES e VEB em enterobactérias no Brasil. / Introduction - The increasing antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial infections is a major public health challenge. The extended-spectrum &#946;-lactamases (ESBL), which hydrolyze most of &#946;-lactams, are recognized worldwide as a great problem to hospitalized patients, due to the transferable location of their genes, which facilitates their spreading. Objective - Genetically characterize ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from patients of a Public Hospital in the city of São Paulo. Material and Methods - All Enterobacteriaceae ESBL-producing strains isolated in an 1-year period were submitted to molecular analysis by PCR with specific primers for eight bla genes, and all ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) identified in this period were compared by the PFGE technique. Results - Genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaPER-2, blaVEB and blaGES were identified in 9 species: Klebsiella pneumoniae (71,5%), Escherichia coli (13,5%), Morganella morganii (6%), Proteus mirabilis (3%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1,5%), Providencia rettgeri (1,5%), Providencia stuartii (1,5%), Enterobacter aerogenes (0,75%) and Enterobacter cloacae (0,75%). Genes blaPER-1 and blaOXA were not detected in any strain. PFGE revealed 8 distinct main molecular patterns in 68,4% of ESBL-Kp, and 31,6% of the strains were totally unrelated. Conclusions - PCR results showed a great variety of ESBL groups in the institution, and apparently this is the first report of GES- and VEB-ESBL groups in enterobacteria in Brazil. The results suggest the spread of resistance genes in different strains of ESBL-Kp in some hospital wards, and also that some strongly related clones of these bacteria colonized patients from a neonatal ward in a 3-month period.

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