Thesis (Ph. D.)--Fordham University, 1987. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-150).

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A redução da pobreza é um problema amplamente discutido no mundo. Por meio do crescimento econômico, os países podem melhorar seu padrão de vida e alcançar maiores níveis de desenvolvimento. Com a abertura promovida no contexto da globalização, houve aumento no fluxo de bens e capitais externos para os países em desenvolvimento, favorecendo seu crescimento econômico. Este trabalho buscou identificar relações de causalidade entre fluxos externos, crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico. Foram utilizados indicadores trimestrais e anuais sugeridos na revisão teórica. Os dados trimestrais foram utilizados para construir um modelo de auto-regressão vetorial (VAR), que verificou relações de causalidade entre as variáveis. Os dados anuais foram utilizados para a análise de regressão. Os resultados sugerem que o crescimento econômico apresenta relações de causalidade com investimento interno, poupança, abertura econômica e produtividade. A produtividade, por sua vez, é influenciada pelo capital humano, investimento estrangeiro direto e progresso tecnológico. O desenvolvimento econômico apresentou relações de causalidade com educação e renda (aumento e distribuição de renda). / The poverty reduction is widely discussed around the world. Through the economic growth, the countries can improve their pattern of life and reach high levels of development. The commercial overture promoted by globalization increased the international flows of capital and goods into developing countries and promoted economic growth. This study, tried to identify causality relation among international flows, development and economic growth. Quarterly and annual indicators were used as suggested in the theorist revision. The quarterly data were used to built a vector auto regression model (VAR) to verify causality relation among the variables. The annual data were used to the regression analysis. The results suggest that the economic growth has causality relations with internal investment, savings, economic opening and productivity. The productivity is influenced by human capital, external direct investment and technological progress. The development has causality relations with education and income (increase and distribution).

Background: In Sweden, only 652 companies have managed to reach the criterions stated by Dagens Industri in their ranking of the Swedish gazelle compa-nies. Rapidly growing companies are very important for the creation of job opportunities and economic wealth. Growth is associated with significant costs, especially for a manufacturing company, and capital is therefore vital for a company’s prosperity. Capital can be either internally generated or externally provided. Previous research has shown that companies firstly prefer internally generated funds, then debt and last new equity. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe, analyze and provide examples on how Swedish gazelle companies have financed their growth, what financing options they have and for what purposes they needed finance. The thesis will also examine the importance of external financer’s contribution with financial and human capital for the growth of the gazelles. Method: A qualitative approach has been used to meet the purpose of the thesis. 12 in-depth, unstructured phone interviews have been conducted with some of the fastest growing gazelle companies in Sweden. Conclusions: A company can finance its growth using owner’s equity, retained earnings, leasing, factoring, public subsidies and loans, bank loans, venture capital and business angels. All these sources of finance are represented in the empirical findings except for factoring. Internally generated capital has mainly been used to cover working capital and to some extent smaller in-vestments. The externally provided capital has mainly been invested in larger investments like machines, property and product development. The financial capital has been the main contribution by external financers except for business angels, where the human capital was most important.

The study investigates the relationship between intellectual capital and share prices on the Nasdaq OMXS30 companies between 2001 and 2010. This, by using content analysis to score the companies' disclosure of intellectual capital and linear regression to test for a relationship with the corresponding share prices. We find a significant positive relationship between Price and Intellectual capital only for one of its subcategories: Internal Capital. The other two, Human Capital and External Capital, were both negatively correlated, explaining why we could not see a relationship between our total Intellectual capital score and price. Apart from this, we see that the average IC disclosure increased significantly during our researched time period and that IC disclosure in knowledge-intensive companies is statistically higher than for capital-intensive companies when it comes to External Capital and Human Capital. For Internal Capital, as well as for Total intellectual capital disclosure, we could not see any difference.

<p>Background: In Sweden, only 652 companies have managed to reach the criterions stated by Dagens Industri in their ranking of the Swedish gazelle compa-nies. Rapidly growing companies are very important for the creation of job opportunities and economic wealth. Growth is associated with significant costs, especially for a manufacturing company, and capital is therefore vital for a company’s prosperity. Capital can be either internally generated or externally provided. Previous research has shown that companies firstly prefer internally generated funds, then debt and last new equity.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe, analyze and provide examples on how Swedish gazelle companies have financed their growth, what financing options they have and for what purposes they needed finance. The thesis will also examine the importance of external financer’s contribution with financial and human capital for the growth of the gazelles.</p><p>Method: A qualitative approach has been used to meet the purpose of the thesis. 12 in-depth, unstructured phone interviews have been conducted with some of the fastest growing gazelle companies in Sweden.</p><p>Conclusions: A company can finance its growth using owner’s equity, retained earnings, leasing, factoring, public subsidies and loans, bank loans, venture capital and business angels. All these sources of finance are represented in the empirical findings except for factoring. Internally generated capital has mainly been used to cover working capital and to some extent smaller in-vestments. The externally provided capital has mainly been invested in larger investments like machines, property and product development. The financial capital has been the main contribution by external financers except for business angels, where the human capital was most important.</p>

<p>In Sweden, only 652 companies have managed to reach the criterions stated by Dagens Industri in their ranking of the Swedish gazelle companies. Rapidly growing companies are very important for the creation of job opportunities and economic wealth. Growth is associated with significant costs, especially for a manufacturing company, and capital is therefore vital for a company’s prosperity. Capital can be either internally generated or externally provided. Previous research has shown that companies firstly prefer internally generated funds, then debt and last new equity.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to describe, analyze and provide examples on how Swedish gazelle companies have financed their growth, what financing options they have and for what purposes they needed finance. The thesis will also examine the importance of external financer’s contribution with financial and human capital for the growth of the gazelles.</p><p>A qualitative approach has been used to meet the purpose of the thesis. 12 in-depth, unstructured phone interviews have been conducted with some of the fastest growing gazelle companies in Sweden.</p><p>A company can finance its growth using owner’s equity, retained earnings, leasing, factoring, public subsidies and loans, bank loans, venture capital and business angels. All these sources of finance are represented in the empirical findings except for factoring. Internally generated capital has mainly been used to cover working capital and to some extent smaller investments. The externally provided capital has mainly been invested in larger investments like machines, property and product development. The financial capital has been the main contribution by external financers except for business angels, where the human capital was most important.</p>

The debt crisis may be sleeping rather than dead-- and may well be aroused as interest rates rise again. Debt reduction and policy reform-- including fiscal reform and privatization-- improved access to capital markets in the 1990s for some developing countries that had debt servicing problems in the 1980s. Overall, however, access to capital markets depends mostly on international interest rates. / "July 1994"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30). Also available on the World Wide Web.

The debt crisis may be sleeping rather than dead-- and may well be aroused as interest rates rise again. Debt reduction and policy reform-- including fiscal reform and privatization-- improved access to capital markets in the 1990s for some developing countries that had debt servicing problems in the 1980s. Overall, however, access to capital markets depends mostly on international interest rates. / "July 1994"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-209).