Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying (APSK) format is one of the most attractive advanced modulation formats because of its good spectral efficiency. As the information bandwidth of the current optical fiber communication system is limited by the optical amplifier bandwidth, it is important to utilize the limited bandwidth effectively. This master thesis focuses on to study the transmission performance of the APSK format both theoretically and experimentally. At first, a theoretical study was conducted using a numerical simulation. As the Extinction Ratio (ER) of the Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) signal affects the performances of both the ASK and the Phase Shift Keying (PSK) signals, the effect of the ER upon the transmission performance of the APSK format was studied. A clear trade-off between the performance of the ASK signal and the PSK signal due to the change of the ER was observed. Then, in order to improve the performance of the APSK format, a method to improve the transmission performance was proposed. This method was named as ¡§zero-nulling method¡¨, and it solved the trade-off issue caused by the ER. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed through the numerical simulation. Next, an experimental study was conducted. An experimental setup including 330km optical fiber transmission line was prepared, and it was used to confirm the results of the theoretical simulation. The performance trade-off between the ASK and the PSK signals due to the ER was confirmed experimentally. Finally, another experimental study was conducted. An experimental setup of 500km transmission line was used for this study. By adopting the recirculating loop experimental setup, the transmission length could be extended to a few thousand kilometers. The applicability of the ¡§zero-nulling method¡¨ was confirmed using this experimental setup.

A new any-point biasing scheme for Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulators which considers the complex phase is proposed. The Mach-Zehnder arm loss imbalance (imaginary part of the phase bias) is found by slightly perturbing the real and imaginary parts of the phase in each arm with low frequency pilot tones and monitoring and manipulating the spectral content at the output. This technique can be used to extend the possible extinction ratio, reduce the phase error, and better quantify the system chirp but also has some performance degradations which are also quantified and discussed. Simulation results indicate that the maximum extinction ratio of a typical modulator can be extended to ≳ 40 dB and maintained in the presence of ambient complex phase drift in the arms. Practical challenges for implementing this method with a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator are discussed, but the analysis is general to other material platforms.

A new any-point biasing scheme for Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulators which considers the complex phase is proposed. The Mach-Zehnder arm loss imbalance (imaginary part of the phase bias) is found by slightly perturbing the real and imaginary parts of the phase in each arm with low frequency pilot tones and monitoring and manipulating the spectral content at the output. This technique can be used to extend the possible extinction ratio, reduce the phase error, and better quantify the system chirp but also has some performance degradations which are also quantified and discussed. Simulation results indicate that the maximum extinction ratio of a typical modulator can be extended to ≳ 40 dB and maintained in the presence of ambient complex phase drift in the arms. Practical challenges for implementing this method with a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator are discussed, but the analysis is general to other material platforms.

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LIMA, José Luiz Sousa. Estudo do desempenho de filtros ópticos interferométricos: interferômetro Mach-Zehnder de fibra óptica e ressonador óptico em anel. 2006. 96 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2006. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-05-05T20:15:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_tese_jlslima.pdf: 688113 bytes, checksum: 11efdee52324ab34ae806b2466f4f088 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-05-07T14:27:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_tese_jlslima.pdf: 688113 bytes, checksum: 11efdee52324ab34ae806b2466f4f088 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_tese_jlslima.pdf: 688113 bytes, checksum: 11efdee52324ab34ae806b2466f4f088 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006

nÃo hà / Nosso trabalho apresenta uma anÃlise numÃrica da propagaÃÃo e comutaÃÃo de solitons fundamentais em acopladores de dois nÃcleos de fibras nÃo lineares construÃdos com fibras de perfis de dispersÃo (DPF). NÃs mostramos, que o formato apropriado do perfil DPF à muito eficaz na recuperaÃÃo, quase total, do comportamento da comutaÃÃo do sinal original associado à situaÃÃo sem perdas. O estudo da comutaÃÃo de solitons em acopladores nÃo lineares de fibras DPF proporciona possibilidades de se alcanÃar alta eficiencia no processamento de sinais ultra-rÃpidos em sistemas totalmente Ãticos, especialmente para comutadores e transistors Ãticos. Iniciamos, estudando as equaÃÃes de Maxwell, os Solitons Ãpticos, as EquaÃÃes dos Modos Acoplados, e a EquaÃÃo NÃo Linear de SchrÃdinger - NLSE (mÃtodos analÃtico, e numÃrico). A seguir, detalhamos a PropagaÃÃo e Chaveamento de Sinais Ãpticos âCWâ e âQuasi-CWâ em Acopladores Ãpticos, bem como analisamos de forma teÃrica os acopladores duplos nÃo lineares de Fibras Ãpticas com Perfis de DispersÃo Decrescente (DPF). Os Ãltimos capÃtulos tratam do objetivo real de nossa DissertaÃÃo, ou seja, a AnÃlise Detalhada de Acopladores Ãpticos de Fibras com Perfis de DispersÃo (DPF), Com, e Sem Perdas Ãpticas, incluindo dois tipos de configuraÃÃo(PA1 e PB1). Encerramos a DissertaÃÃo com as ConclusÃes sobre os estudos acima referidos / We present a numerical investigation of the propagation and the switching of fundamental solitons in a two-core nonlinear fiber coupler constructed with Dispersion Profile Fiber (DPF). We have shown that appropriate shaping of the DPF profile is quite effective to recover, almost completely, the original switching behavior associated to the lossless situation. The study of soliton switching in DPF nonlinear fiber couplers provides possibilities for achieving, high efficiency in ultrafast all-optical signal processing, especially for optical switches and optical transistors. We initiate, studying the Maxwell Equations, the Coupled-Mode Equations, and the the Nonlinear SchrÃdinger Equation - NLSE, (analytic, and numerical approaches). After this, we detail the Propagation and Switching of "CW" and "Quasi-CW" Optical Signals in Optical Couplers, as well like we analyze, through theoretical form, the nonlinear double couplers of Dispersion Profiles Fibers (DPF). The last chapters explain the real objective of our Dissertation, or be, Detailed Analysis of the Optical Couplers of Profiles Dispersion Fiber (DPF), With, and Without Optical Losses, including two kinds of configuration (PA1 and PB1). We enclose the Dissertation with the Conclusions about the above referred studies