<p>We hypothesize that South African medicinal plants contain compounds that can act in synergism with synthetic antifungal compounds. Four fungicides - Sporekill&trade / , Rovral&trade / , Terminator&trade / and Teldor&trade / at doses 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mL L-1 and plant species Galenia africana, Elytropappus rhinocerotis and Tulbaghia violacea were tested aloneand in different combinations for their potency (efficacy) on radial growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea strains on potato dextrose plates. Four doses of plant extract for each of the respective plant species were used. A total of 48 combinations were tested for each strain. Mixtures of plant extracts were far more effective in controlling strains compared to the individual components alone, representing significant levels of in vitro synergistic interactions. Combinations of these components represent an attractive future prospect for the development of new management strategies for controlling B. cinerea. Since the in vitro tests of these mixtures showed inhibitory activity, the mixtures were tested for activity in assays on Granny Smith apples. In vitro tests can be used to screen mixtures to obtain information on their inhibitory activity on a pathogen, however, the environmental conditions of the fruit and the ability of the pathogen to grow into the fruit cannot be simulated in vivo. A series of two-fold doses of medicinal plant extracts were combined with fungicides to conduct decay inhibition studies. The incidence of gray mold was significantly reduced by mixtures of plant extracts and fungicides. Under conditions similar to those in commercial storage, a drench treatment with G. africana and Rovral&trade / significantly (p=0.05) inhibit gray mold on the apples and was more effective than the plant extract and fungicide alone. The treatments exerted synergistic effects and were markedly better than the components applied alone. The wound colonization assay was used for optimal decay control. In a drench, much higher volumes of the treatments are used to ensure that the components of the suspension are deposited evenly over the entire fruit surface. Drenching of fruit to apply other chemicals is an established practise in the pome (fleshy) fruit industry, and simplifies the commercial application of the mixtures, as no additional infrastructure at commercial packing houses will be required. This approach not only makes it possible to reduce fungicide concentrations while maintaining adequate decay control, but also ensures a reduction of the chemical residue on the fruit.</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol inst., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (MSc.(Chemistry)) - University of Pretoria, 2008. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (PhD (Phytomedicine Programme) (Paravet. Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-147). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2008. / Directed by Nadja Cech; submitted to the Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Apr. 13, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-68).

Thesis (M.A.(Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Summary in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_dg_dr_arafcf.pdf: 1627873 bytes, checksum: a60b3f7746159c197030834eccc6fe6b (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A relação entre o risco de desenvolvimento da tuberculose e os fatores sócioeconômicos é bastante conhecida, e afeta diretamente as comunidades indígenas devido as suas condições de miséria e desrespeito a sua étnia e a sua cultura. Em relação a tuberculose, é também reconhecida a existência de problemas referentes a falência do esquema terapêutico devido ao abandono e até mesmo do uso incorreto dos medicamentos. A tuberculose multirresistente é um problema nacional e internacional que traz varias dificuldades para controle global da doença. Neste sentido, a emergência de tuberculose multirresistente eleva a necessidade de se pesquisar novas drogas com atividade antimicobacteriana. Por outro lado, o conhecimento indígena em relação as plantas nativas utilizadas na cura de doenças muito tem contribuído com o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas, para obtenção de novos medicamentos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar estudos epidemiológicos da tuberculose e etnobotânico de seis espécies vegetais utilizadas pela população Indígena da Aldeia Vanuíre estimada de 186 índios (estabelecida no município de Arco-íris no extremo Oeste Paulista). O estudo epidemiológico, foi realizado através de informações obtidas por questionário especifico impresso e de ficha de notificação. No levantamento epidemiológico que foi realizado durante um período de 10 anos (1994 à 2004), foi notificado apenas um caso de tuberculose. Do estudo etnobotânico realizado junto a população Indígena foram listadas plantas medicinais estudadas, descritas segundo as suas formulações de uso mais comum: Ananas sativus Schultz pseudoananas, abacaxizinho-domato, ananá (xarope do fruto); Vernonia polyanthes Less assa-peixe (tintura alcoólica das raízes);.... / The relations between the risk of tuberculosis development and social-economic factors are widely known. These problems affect directly the aboriginal communities due to their conditions of misery and generalized disrespect to their ethnic and cultural differences. It is also recognized the existence of several problems related to failing of the tuberculosis treatment due the abandonment and the incorrect use of medicines. The tuberculosis multi-resistant is a national and international problem that results in difficulties for global control of the illness. The emergency of multiresistant tuberculosis made urgent the search of new drugs against tuberculosis. On the other hand, the aboriginal knowledge about the use of native plants for the cure of illnesses has contributed with the scientific research development, in order to obtain new medicines. The purpose of the present study was to realize epidemiological research of tuberculosis and ethno-botanic study of six plant species commonly used as medicinal herbs by the aborigine population of the Vanuire Village. This community is composed by 186 people that are established in Arco Iris city, located at the western part of the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The epidemiological study involved the analysis of information obtained by using a specific printed questionnaire. During the 10 years period (from 1994 through 2004) that this epidemiological survey has carried on, only one case of tuberculosis was notified. The ethno-botanic study resulted in the several information about the medicinal drinks that were described according to their common usage formulation: Ananas sativus Shultz - pseudoananas, abacaxizinho do mato (boiled fruits extract); Vernonia polyanthes Less assa peixe (roots alcoholic extract);...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-06Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:07:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000814360.pdf: 1195686 bytes, checksum: 6418ea9ccf77f9494c58e603e60cc6d4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a inclusão de extrato alcoólico de Baccharis dracunculifolia (EBD) em dietas de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e saúde das aves. Foram realizados dois estudos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos: dieta controle (DC) sem inclusão de antibiótico melhorador de desempenho (AMD) e EBD; DC + 0,1% EBD; DC + 0,2% EBD; DC + 0,3% EBD; DC + 0,4% EBD e DC+AMD. No primeiro ensaio foram utilizados 1080 frangos de corte machos, cada tratamento com seis repetições, para avaliação do desempenho, peso relativo de órgãos, título de anticorpos contra doença de NewCastle e histomorfometria de intestino e Bursa de Fabrícius. No segundo experimento foram utilizados 720 frangos de corte machos para avaliação do efeito do EBD sobre o turnover da mucosa intestinal e fígado. No primeiro experiento, aos 21dias de idade, foi observada queda na viabilidade e aumento na profundidade de cripta do duodeno no tratamento DC+0,2% EBD, aos 35 dias foi observada queda no ganho de peso e consumo de ração nos tratamentos DC+0,2% EBD e DC+0,4% EBD e, aos 42 dias, foi observado aumento na área cortical de Bursa no tratamento DC+0,2% EBD. No segundo experimento foram observadas, aos 21 dias, diminuição da meia-vida e aumento da taxa metabólica da mucosa intestinal do tratamento DC+0,2% EBD. A inclusão de EBD, em quaisquer níveis estudados não resultou em melhora no desempenho e saúde em comparação ao AMD. / This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Baccharis dracunculifolia’s alcoholic extract (BDE) in broiler diets on performance and health of birds. Two studies in a completely randomized design with six treatments were performed: control diet (CD) without inclusion of performance enhancing antibiotic (PEA) and BDE; DC+0.1% BDE; DC+0.2% BDE; DC+0.3% BDE; DC+0.4% BDE and DC+PEA. In the first experiment were used 1080 male broilers, with six replicates per treatment, to evaluate the performance, relative organ weight, antibody titer against Newcastle disease and histomorphometry of intestine and Bursa of Fabricius. In the second experiment were used 720 broilers males to evaluate the effect of EBDon the turnover of the intestinal mucosa and liver. At 21 days of age, in treatment DC+0.2% BDE, decrease in viability and an increase in duodenal crypt depth were observed; at 35 days of age decrease in weight gain and feed intake was observed in treatments DC+0.2% BDE and DC+0.4% BDE and at 42 days, an increase was observed in the cortical area of Bursa in treatment DC+0.2% BDE. In the second experiment were observed, at 21 days, decreased half-life and increased metabolic rate of the intestinal mucosa of the DC+0.2% BDE treatment. The inclusion of BDE in any levels studied did not result in improved health and performance compared to PEA.