Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el uso de redes sociales de Rafael López Aliaga, candidato populista de derecha radical, durante la campaña de las Elecciones Generales 2021. La nueva derecha radical es un fenómeno reciente en Perú y sobre el cual existe escasa literatura al respecto; por ello, este trabajo busca entender mejor el desarrollo del mismo y sus consecuencias. En este sentido, el propósito de esta investigación consiste en establecer el carácter populista de derecha radical del candidato, mediante la revisión de Facebook, Twitter e Instagram. A partir de un análisis cuantitativo en el que se realizó la sistematización de las publicaciones del candidato y del partido, y otro cualitativo, es posible afirmar que el candidato es populista debido al uso de ciertos recursos comunicativos planteados en los supuestos teóricos; como son las fake news, el storytelling y la personalización. Además, la teoría permite identificar que se trata de un personaje populista de derecha radical por la recurrencia de algunos temas característicos de este espectro ideológico; como es, por ejemplo, la posición del candidato frente a las instituciones o la inmigración. Finalmente, este fenómeno, sumado a la digitalización de las campañas políticas, especialmente en contextos de crisis como la producida por el COVID-19, convierte la pugna electoral en una arena donde la polémica desplaza al contenido programático como herramienta principal, lo que debilita aún más a los sistemas políticos. / This research aims to study the use of social networks during Rafael López Aliaga's t campaign, a radical right-wing populist candidate, in the 2021 General Elections. This new right-wing is a recent phenomenon in Peru and on which there is little literature on the subject, therefore, this thesis seeks a better understanding of its development and consequences. Hence, the objective of this research is to establish the radical rightwing populist character of the candidate, throughout the review of 3 networks: Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Based on a quantitative analysis in which the posts were systematized and a qualitative one, it is possible to affirm that the candidate is populist due to the use of certain communicational resources most commonly used by populist candidates around the world, such as fake news, storytelling and personalization. In addition, it is possible to ratify thathe is a character of the radical right-wing due to the recurrent use of characteristic themes of this spectrum within the ideological axis. Finally, this new phenomenon in conjunction with the new digital way of doing politics, especially in contexts such as the COVID-19 crisis, will not only increase but will turn the electoral space into an arena in which the fight for power will be centered on controversy and not on programmatic content; which will further weaken the Peruvian political system.

After the Catalan conflict in 2017, the number of female politicians and sympathizers in VOX increased notoriously(Bernardez-Rodal et al., 2020). Moreover, the growing participation and engagement of female audiences suggests that the use of several techniques to attract women (Pilkington, 2017; Mattheis, 2018; Askanius, 2021a) or the use of topics that evoque shared feelings (Dietze & Roth, 2020) could also be unfolding at a great speed in Spain. Thus, wanting to spand knowledge on the mentioned phenomenon, this thesis focuses on the Spanish context and explores how three VOX female politicians benefit from Alternative Influence Networks or AIN (Lewis, 2018) in Instagram and use influencer practices to spread far-righ ideas and sell anti-feminist or gender equality narratives.  For veracity and objectivity this research considered every post in the feed of these representatives for the sampling,obtaining a total of 290 relevant posts which were later analysed following a case study methodology. Theories of mediatization and media power, social media, online Interactivity and AIN, gender politics, and post-feminism and anti-feminism, served to understand the content of the analysed posts and classify them into 5 main topics (1. Anti-Feminism;2. Maternity; 3. Gender Politics and Gender Issues; 4. Targeting Women: Fear for the Spanish Race; 5. Christian values: pro-life and heteronormative love) that were repeatedly manifested in various ways. Main findings include how VOX female politicians benefit from social media to target women and sell far-right ideas through influencer practices and other tactics that are similarly used by other far-right actors. From this we could conclude that the role of female representators in VOX is of great importance to attract female audience by posting sensitive content or aiming at empathy through identification as well as to soften the image of the far-right through fear-based techniques or turning to biology.