Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:04:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaCFM.pdf: 1716142 bytes, checksum: e2b21f66d77aa43c3bc7eeee4b569b16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Brazilian high school teaching has passing through important changes. Based on current legislation and other official documents this research focus on the notion of contextualization, discussing the possibilities of a Physics teaching contextualized at a kitchen environment. Given the difficulties presented by students in establishing the relation between the contents discussed in classroom and their own daily lives, we propose the elaboration and application of a didactic unity. This started after the analyses of an initial questionnaire answered by the students. The didactic unity was elaborated based on an earlier proposal made by GREF (Physics Teaching Reelaboration Group) for a Thermal Physics course, and involved situations on students daily lives, in particular, those activities tried to relate formal contents discussed in classrooms to the kitchen environment. The didactic unity was applied to a public high school classroom at Limoeiro do Norte (CE). After evaluation of this experience it is possible to state that contextualization is a challenge that shall be faced, so that students may have a more critical look at physics, understanding that this subject is of relevance to all of us and is present in all world around us / O Ensino M?dio brasileiro vem passando por importantes transforma??es. Partindo da legisla??o em vigor e de outros documentos oficiais que subsidiam essas mudan?as, essa pesquisa focaliza a no??o de contextualiza??o, discutindo as possibilidades de um Ensino de F?sica contextualizado ao ambiente de uma cozinha. Em virtude das dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos de estabelecerem rela??es dos conte?dos apreendidos em sala de aula com suas viv?ncias e experi?ncias no cotidiano, propusemos a elabora??o e a aplica??o de uma Unidade Did?tica que teve como ponto de partida uma an?lise feita atrav?s de um question?rio inicial. A Unidade foi elaborada com base na proposta do GREF (Grupo de Reelabora??o do Ensino de F?sica) para um curso de F?sica T?rmica, e envolveu situa??es do cotidiano dos alunos, particularmente atividades que buscavam relacionar os conte?dos trabalhados em sala com o contexto de uma cozinha. A Unidade foi aplicada numa turma da segunda s?rie do ensino m?dio de uma escola p?blica do munic?pio de Limoeiro do Norte (CE). A avalia??o da experi?ncia permite afirmar que a contextualiza??o ? um desafio a ser perseguido, no intuito de que os estudantes possam olhar a F?sica de maneira mais cr?tica, compreendendo que essa disciplina ? relevante para n?s e est? presente em todo o mundo ao nosso redor

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-02T12:34:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaKamyllaESilvaXavierDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 6614928 bytes, checksum: 90f4381a03e907a132a62b325c485eb0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-07T18:21:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaKamyllaESilvaXavierDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 6614928 bytes, checksum: 90f4381a03e907a132a62b325c485eb0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T18:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaKamyllaESilvaXavierDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 6614928 bytes, checksum: 90f4381a03e907a132a62b325c485eb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-21 / Esta proposta pretende contribuir com o ensino e aprendizagem da F?sica em condi??es ordin?rias de trabalho no Ensino M?dio de escolas p?blicas do interior do Nordeste brasileiro. Consiste da elabora??o, implementa??o e avalia??o de um conjunto de Sequ?ncias de Ensino cobrindo conte?dos iniciais de F?sica T?rmica previstos para o ensino m?dio; ou seja, abrangendo os temas: Temperatura, Term?metros e Escalas Termom?tricas; Natureza e Propaga??o do Calor; Dilata??o t?rmica; Calorimetria; e Descri??o Macrosc?pica de Um G?s Ideal. Esse conjunto de sequ?ncias de ensino, considerado ? parte da disserta??o, constitui o que ? exigido pelo Programa de P?s-gradua??o com o nome Produto Educacional. A pesquisa, de cunho predominantemente qualitativo, reflete acerca de aspectos hist?ricos do ensino de F?sica no Brasil como pontos de partida para entender a realidade atual da disciplina de F?sica no Ensino M?dio das escolas p?blicas brasileiras. Discute, com base na literatura da ?rea, as dificuldades de professores e alunos no ensino e aprendizagem da disciplina de F?sica, algumas relacionadas ?s caracter?sticas pr?prias da disciplina e outras com o modo pelo qual se d? o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Como abordagens facilitadoras neste processo s?o adotadas as ?nfases curriculares em Ci?ncia-Tecnologia-Sociedade-Ambiente (CTSA) e de Ensino por Investiga??o (E/I), ambas fundamentadas de acordo com a literatura especializada. Em seguida, s?o descritas a elabora??o, implementa??o e avalia??o de Sequ?ncias de Ensino Investigativas (SEIs) para os conte?dos de F?sica T?rmica, de acordo com o referencial te?rico utilizado. A interven??o feita em sala de aula ancora-se na metodologia cooperativa e participante da pesquisa-a??o em duas turmas reunidas de 2? Ano de Ensino M?dio da Escola Estadual Nelson Batista Alves, situada no munic?pio de Bernardino Batista, na microrregi?o de Cajazeiras, extremo Oeste da Para?ba. As an?lises dos resultados das interven??es s?o feitas com base no m?todo de An?lise de Conte?do, tamb?m previamente discutido. Dentre os resultados mais representativos obtidos, temos: (i) as respostas aos testes de sondagem utilizados no in?cio de cada interven??o escolar com o intuito de obter as concep??es pr?vias dos estudantes sobre conceitos e fen?menos envolvidos, que propiciaram intensivas discuss?es esclarecedoras de aspectos diversos do conhecimento formal; (ii) as descri??es das observa??es feitas pelos alunos dos experimentos demonstrativos utilizados para apresenta??o do ?modus operandi? de leis e princ?pios f?sicos; (iii) a descri??o de respostas e discuss?es estabelecidas na turma sobre o conte?do de textos de apoio utilizados como instrumentos para enfatizar uma abordagem CTSA; e, finalmente, (iv) as respostas e discuss?es propiciadas por outros textos de apoio cuidadosamente selecionados para uso como contexto de um ensino respaldado na investiga??o. Em geral, pudemos concluir que h? viabilidade para implementar um ensino com estas caracter?sticas para o tipo de p?blico-alvo deste trabalho, embora tenhamos que superar uma enorme gama de dificuldades relacionadas ? realidade escolar e ao ambiente cultural. / This proposal aims to contribute to the teaching and learning of physics in ordinary working conditions in public high school institutions in the interior of the Brazilian Northeast. It consists of the design, implementation and evaluation of a set of Teaching Sequences covering initial contents of Thermal Physics provided for high school; i.e., covering the following topics: Temperature, Thermometers and Thermometric Scales; Heat Nature and Propagation Mechanisms; Thermal expansion; Calorimetry; and Macroscopic Description of an Ideal Gas. This set of teaching sequences, considered apart from the dissertation, is what is required by the Graduate Program with the name Educational Product. The research, of predominantly qualitative nature, reflects about historical aspects of teaching physics in Brazil as a starting point to understand the current reality of the discipline of physics in high school of Brazilian public educational institutions. It discusses, based in the literature, the difficulties of teachers and students in teaching and learning the discipline of physics, some related to the characteristics of the discipline and others with the way in which it gives the teaching-learning process. As facilitator approaches in this process are adopted curricular emphases in Science-Technology-Society-Environment (STSE) and Education by Research (EbyR), both founded according to the literature. Then are described the design, implementation and evaluation of Sequences of Investigative Education (SIEs) for Thermal Physics contents, according to the theoretical framework. Intervention made in the classroom is anchored in the cooperative methodology and participatory action-research in two gathered groups from 2nd high school year in the State School Nelson Batista Alves, in the municipality of Bernardino Batista, the micro region of Cajazeiras, far west Paraiba. Analysis of the results of interventions are made based on the content analysis method, also previously discussed. Among the most representative results we have: (i) responses to probing tests used at the beginning of each school intervention in order to get the preconceptions of students on concepts and phenomena involved, which provided intensive enlightening discussions of various aspects of formal knowledge; (ii) descriptions of the observations made by the students' demonstration experiments used to present the 'modus operandi' of laws and physical principles; (iii) a description of responses and discussions established in class about the contents of supporting texts used as instruments to emphasize a STSE approach; and finally (iv) the responses and aditional discussions enabled by other discussions handouts carefully selected for use as the context of a teaching supported by investigation. Overall, we concluded that there is possibility to implement an education with these characteristics for the type of audience for this work, although we have to overcome a huge range of difficulties related to the school reality and the cultural environment.