No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The study consisted of two parts: following the fade rates of killed field-grown Virginia pine (<u>Pinus virginiana</u> Mill.); and to study the effects of different stresses on seedlings. Foliage fade rates of killed field-grown Virginia pine varied with the time of the year the tree was killed. Little variation in fade rates was found between years. Foliage of seedlings grown under stress due to: girdling; sevpring; defoliating; and drought, were studied by paper chromntographv, cross sectioning, and photography. The four pigments found appeared to decline proportionately as the foliage went from green to red. An error in technique resulted in uninterpretable needle cross sections. Photography using black and white, black and white infrared, color, and color infrared films gave no previsual detection of stress. / Master of Science

The performance of a mobile satellite communications link can be determined by the propagation path between a satellite and mobile users. Some of the most important factors are multipath propagation and vegetative shadowing. System designers should have the most reliable information about the statistics of fade duration in order to determine fade margin or to compensate for the fades using modulation and coding scheme. This report describes a simulator, PROSIM, developed at Virginia Tech for simulating a propagation model in land mobile satellite communications. The simulator is based on a random number generator that generates data sets to compute statistics of the propagation channel. Performance of the simulator was evaluated by comparing statistics from an analytical model and experimental data provided by W. Vogel of Univ. of Texas at Austin and J. Goldhirsh of the Applied Physics Laboratory. New expressions for phasor plot and its mathematical expression for lognormal channel were derived and were simulated. Finally, the advantages of the simulator using random number generator in simulating the propagation model are described. / Master of Science

Beaucoup d'études ont montré que l'équation d'advection-dispersion classique ne permet pas de simuler correctement le transport de solutés dans les sols hétérogènes, ni de prendre en considération la spéciation des solutés dans les systèmes géochimiques que constituent les sols. Dans ce travail, un modèle fractionnaire hydrogéochimique a été proposé pour simuler le transport et la spéciation des métaux lourds dans la zone non saturée des sols, que ce soit en régime permanent ou transitoire. Ce modèle a été proposé pour remédier aux limitations du modèle classique d'advection dispersion. En régime permanent, la solution analytique de l'équation fractionnaire d'advection-dispersion a été couplée sous MATLAB au modèle de réactions géochimiques, et ce nouveau modèle a été validé à l'aide de résultats expérimentaux. En régime non permanent, une nouvelle solution numérique de l'équation fractionnaire d'advection-dispersion est proposée, et couplée avec un modèle d'écoulement et un modèle géochimique. Le modèle résultant, programmé sous MATLAB, a été testé en le comparant à des simulations obtenues avec les codes HYDRUS-1D et HP1. Les résultats de validation ont montré que le nouveau modèle fractionnaire reproduit bien le transfert de solutés dans la zone non saturée des sols et qu'il est capable de donner plus de détails sur les espèces chimiques présentes dans le sol, sur leur migration et leur interaction. Le nouveau modèle a été utilisé pour étudier le transfert de zinc dans la région de Kempen (à la frontière entre la Belgique et les Pays Bas). Il s'agit d'un site fortement pollué par les métaux lourds rejetés par les fonderies de zinc existant dans la région. Une étude paramétrique a été conduite pour déterminer la sensibilité du modèle à une variation de ses paramètres hydrologiques ou géochimiques. La conductivité hydraulique du sol (Ks), la teneur en eau à saturation (θs) et la teneur en eau initiale (θini) du sol sont les paramètres les plus influents pour le modèle d'écoulement d'eau. Le modèle fractionnaire de transport de soluté est sensible à la variation de l'ordre fractionnaire de dérivation (α) et à celle du coefficient de dispersion (D). Le pH est le facteur déterminant pour le modèle géochimique, suivi par la concentration en SO42- et en CO32-. L'effet des cations Al3+, Mn2+ et Fe2+ n'est pas significatif.

No description available.

No description available.

Orientador: Michel Daoud Yacoub / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T23:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SantosFilho_JoseCandidoSilveira_D.pdf: 1465914 bytes, checksum: 30b3ae8d49f9e0566332c17202cc27cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho provê as seguintes contribuições ao estudo de canais de desvanecimento: (i) aproximações em forma fechada para a função densidade de probabilidade e a função distribuição acumulada de somas de envoltórias independentes sob desvanecimento Nakagami, Rice, Hoyt, Weibull ou lognormal; (ii) expressões gerais para a taxa e duração médias de desvanecimento do combinador de diversidade por seleção pura em canais de desvanecimento arbitrários; (iii) expressões gerais para a taxa e duração médias de desvanecimento dos combinadores de diversidade por seleção pura, ganho igual e razão máxima em canais Ricianos correlacionados e (iv) simulador de envoltória para canais de desvanecimento Nakagami, aplicável a valores arbitrários do parâmetro de desvanecimento e cenários anisotrópicos de propagação / Abstract: This work provides the following contributions to the study of fading channels: (i) closed-form approximations to the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of sums of independent envelopes under Nakagami, Rice, Hoyt, Weibull, or lognormal fading; (ii) general expressions for the average fade rate and the average fade duration of pure selection combining over arbitrary fading channels; (iii) general expressions for the average fade rate and the average fade duration of pure selection, equal-gain, and maximal-ratio combining over correlated Ricean channels, and (iv) envelope simulator for Nakagami fading channels, applicable to arbitrary values of fading parameter and nonisotropic propagation scenarios / Doutorado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

The performance of a mobile satellite communications link is conditioned by the characteristics of the propagation path between a satellite and mobile users. The most important propagation effect in land mobile satellite system is roadside attenuation of the signals due to vegetation or urban structures. System designers should have the most reliable information about the statistics of the propagation channel to build reliable systems that can compensate for bad propagation conditions. In 1998, the Virginia Tech Antenna Group developed a simulator, PROSIM, to simulate a propagation channel in the case of roadside tree attenuation in land mobile satellite systems. This thesis describes some improvements to PROSIM, and the adaptation and validation of PROSIM for Digital Audio Radio Satellite systems operating at S-band frequencies. The performance of the simulator for S-band frequencies was evaluated through a measurement campaign conducted with the XM Radio signals at 2.33 GHz in various propagation environments. Finally, additional results on dual satellite systems and fade correlation are described. / Master of Science