京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第18343号 / 農博第2068号 / 新制||農||1024(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4850(農学部図書室) / 31201 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 小川 順, 教授 植田 充美, 教授 栗原 達夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13019号 / 論農博第2829号 / 新制||農||1042(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N4965(農学部図書室) / 32947 / (主査)教授 久米 新一, 教授 松井 徹, 教授 祝前 博明 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20560号 / 医博第4245号 / 新制||医||1022(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 柳田 素子, 教授 西渕 光昭 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13230号 / 論医博第2170号 / 新制||医||1036(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 松田 文彦, 教授 富樫 かおり / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Benzoyl peroxide (BP), used to bleach annatto in cheese whey, was encapsulated within the hydrophobic dispersed phase (phi) of nanoemulsions (NEs) to minimize its degradation and extend its efficacy to minimized usage levels. Three purified, saturated short-chain fatty acids of varying chain lengths: butyric (C4), hexanoic (C6) and octanoic (C8) acid, were chosen as the phi to completely dissolve various concentrations of BP. Stabilization was achieved with different concentrations and combinations of primary emulsifier (E), bovine serum albumin, and coemulsifier (CE), Tween 20. Different ultra-high pressures (UHP) were used to generate a stable NE. The best result was made by keeping these parameters: UHP 210 MPa/phi fraction 4x10-3/ BP 0.04% (w/v) constant, E (without CE) concentration of 0.04% (w/v) for both C4 and C6 or 0.6% (w/v) for C8. Annatto color reduction by 90% was achieved with C4-system using only half the typical concentration of BP used by the industry.

The primary objectives of the study were to compare 2 body fat (%, BF) prediction methods for stock-type horses by rump fat thickness (RFT) and D2O dilution with actual tissue fat analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and to identify the relationships among BF, BCS, and physical measurements. Secondary objectives were to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of mesenteric (MS), cardiac (CD), subcutaneous (SC), intermuscular (IM), and leaf fat (LF) and to identify relationships between of FA composition and BCS in horses. Results indicated that D2O dilution is an accurate predictor of BF, and RFT alone does not accurately predict BF. Additionally, BCS may be useful in predicting BF when used with other physical measurements. The effects of BCS and fat depot on FA composition were independent of each other. The more influential factor in FA composition of adipose tissues was fat depot as opposed to BCS.

Vibrio vulnificus is a foodborne bacterial pathogen associated with raw oyster consumption. Shellfish depuration for 48 hours is a dynamic process where coliform bacteria are purged; however, this process is ineffective against V. vulnificus. The current study investigated the use of prolonged two-week depuration on V. vulnificus populations in Gulf Coast oysters. The study evaluated the impact of prolonged depuration on V. vulnificus fatty acid profile change and the ability to survive in simulated gastric fluid. Oyster depuration in seawater (10 or 22oC, 14 days) reduced V. vulnificus counts, but not to non-detectable level, indicating close ecological relationship between the pathogen and mollusk. Greatest V. vulnificus count reductions were seen in 12 ppt 10°C seawater (2.7 log10 CFU/g) and in 20 ppt 22°C seawater (2.8 logs). Mesophilic vibrios dominated the overall microflora of freshly harvested oysters, while refrigeration selected for psychrotrophic bacteria. Depuration at 22°C retained dominance of mesophilic vibrios, including pathogenic species. Although aerobic plate counts were lower in 22°C depurated oysters (5.0 logs vs 6.0 logs), depuration at 10°C had little to no advantage over 22°C in terms of vibrio population reduction. Use of prolonged depuration remains economically questionable since this method failed to completely eliminate V. vulnificus. Starved V. vulnificus behavior in artificial seawater showed that low temperature (4oC) and high seawater salinity (35 ppt) contributed to pathogen population reduction. Starved V. vulnificus did not adjust membrane fluidity to storage temperature within the investigated time frame. However, a significant fatty acid switch from C18:1w7c to C18:1w6c by double bond relocation was observed. The relocation was faster at ambient temperatures compared to refrigerated temperatures. The majority of V. vulnificus foodborne infections occur during warm summer months. Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 27562 was significantly less resistant (3.7 min D-value) to simulated gastric fluid (pH 4.0) after 7-day storage at 4oC compared to the control (7.8 min D-value). Therefore, greater gastric fluid sensitivity of the pathogen may occur in winter-harvested oysters and may partially explain the low number of winter outbreaks.

The growth of Rhodotorula glutinis in sweet sorghum juice in three levels of three factors of temperature, carbon to nitrogen ratio and pH was evaluated. Accompanying of this growth was the generation of lipids converted to fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) and carotenoids. The optimized condition for maximum biomass and carotenoid accumulation was determined to be at 25C, pH of 5.5 and carbon to nitrogen ratio of 10. This condition yielded 22.7 g/L biomass with specific growth rate of 0.213 hr-1. At this condition the carotenoids generation was also maximum with 2.6 mg/gram biomass, comprising of torularhodin, beta-carotene and torulene. The accumulation of lipids following generation of biodiesel was highest at same temperature and pH but carbon to nitrogen ratio of 70, generating 96.3 mg of FAMEs/gram of biomass containing methyl ester of oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid.