A reciclagem profunda com adição de cimento Portland é uma técnica de recuperação estrutural e funcional de pavimentos empregada há muitos anos no país, devido a vantagens técnicas, econômicas e ambientais. Contudo, a difusão mais ampla da técnica esbarra na carência de normas e procedimentos nacionais, o que resulta na adoção de variados critérios nos projetos que incluem reciclagem com cimento, às vezes, comprometendo sua eficácia. A pesquisa relatada nesta dissertação teve por objetivo principal estabelecer as bases para a proposição de um método de dosagem para reciclagem de pavimentos com adição de cimento, considerando-se como referência o método de dosagem de materiais estabilizados com cimento da Austroads (2002). Para verificar a validade deste método para materiais de pavimentos brasileiros, desenvolveu-se um programa experimental no qual foram avaliadas propriedades mecânicas (resistência, rigidez e erodibilidade) e volumétricas (retração, absorção, expansão e ascensão capilar) de misturas constituídas por fresado asfáltico, brita graduada e cimento, variando-se a porcentagem de fresado (20% e 50%), o teor de cimento (2%, 4% e 6%), a energia de compactação (Intermediária e Modificada) e o tempo de cura dos corpos de prova (3, 7 e 14 dias). Os resultados dos ensaios mostraram que todas as variáveis analisadas afetam significativamente a resistência à compressão simples, a resistência à tração por compressão diametral e o módulo de resiliência das misturas, enquanto que a retração, a erodibilidade, a absorção, a expansão e a ascensão capilar são afetadas por algumas das variáveis independentes. Dentre outras conclusões, destaca-se que são obtidos elevados valores de resistência à compressão simples (1,61 MPa a 6,08 MPa), resistência à tração por compressão diametral (0,29 MPa a 1,00 MPa) e de módulo de resiliência (10390 MPa a 25719 MPa) com teores baixo (2%) e médio (4%) de cimento, sendo desnecessário e arriscado, pela elevada retração associada, o emprego de teor mais elevado (6%). Ainda, observou-se que o aumento da energia de compactação permite compensar a utilização de teores mais baixos de cimento no que se refere às resistências (à compressão, à tração e à erosão) e módulos obtidos. Globalmente, conclui-se que o método de dosagem de materiais estabilizados com cimento da Austroads (2002) pode ser usado como modelo para o desenvolvimento de um método de dosagem para reciclagem de pavimentos com adição de cimento, sendo necessárias pequenas complementações ou adaptações. O método de dosagem sugerido nesta Dissertação é, ao mesmo tempo, simples o suficiente para ser empregado em laboratórios de canteiros de obra e amplo o bastante para identificar as propriedades mecânicas e volumétricas que devem ser avaliadas ao elaborar-se um projeto de mistura reciclada com cimento. / Full-depth reclamation (FDR) with Portland cement is a technique used for structural and functional rehabilitation of pavements and has been used in Brazil for many years, especially because its technical, economical and environmental advantages. However, a larger diffusion of the technique has been inhibited by the lack of national standards and procedures, resulting in the adoption of different design criteria, which sometimes leads to a low efficiency of the FDR with cement. This research was carried out with the objective of setting the basis for a mix design method for FDR with cement, considering the Austroads (2002) mix design method for stabilized pavement materials as a model. In order to verify the applicability of the Austroads method to Brazilian pavement materials, an experimental program was carried out testing mechanical (strength, stiffness and durability) and volumetric (drying shrinkage, absorption, swell and capillary rise) properties of mixtures made of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), graded crushed stone and cement. Specimens with different RAP contents (20% and 50%), cement contents (2%, 4% and 6%), compacted with two different efforts (Brazilian Intermediate and Modified) were cured for 3, 7 and 14 days. Test results showed that all the studied variables affect the unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus of the mixtures, while drying shrinkage, erodibility, absorption, swell and capillary rise are affected by some of the independent variables. Among other conclusions, it is pointed out that high values of unconfined compressive strength (1,61 MPa to 6,08 MPa), indirect tensile strength (0,29 MPa to 1,00 MPa) and resilient modulus (10390 MPa to 25719 MPa) may be achieved with low (2%) and intermediary (4%) cement contents, thus making the use of higher (6%) cement content unnecessary and unsafe, due to the higher costs and to the drying shrinkage associated. It was also observed that increases in the compaction effort may compensate the use of lower cement contents as regards to strengths and moduli obtained. Generally, can be concluded that the Austroads (2002) mix design method for stabilized pavement materials may be used as a model for the development of a mix design method for FDR with cement, being necessary only a few additions or adaptations. The suggested method is, simultaneously, simple enough to be used in field laboratories and comprehensive enough for including the mechanical and volumetric properties that must be evaluated when designing a mix for FDR with cement.

A reciclagem profunda com adição de cimento Portland é uma técnica de recuperação estrutural e funcional de pavimentos empregada há muitos anos no país, devido a vantagens técnicas, econômicas e ambientais. Contudo, a difusão mais ampla da técnica esbarra na carência de normas e procedimentos nacionais, o que resulta na adoção de variados critérios nos projetos que incluem reciclagem com cimento, às vezes, comprometendo sua eficácia. A pesquisa relatada nesta dissertação teve por objetivo principal estabelecer as bases para a proposição de um método de dosagem para reciclagem de pavimentos com adição de cimento, considerando-se como referência o método de dosagem de materiais estabilizados com cimento da Austroads (2002). Para verificar a validade deste método para materiais de pavimentos brasileiros, desenvolveu-se um programa experimental no qual foram avaliadas propriedades mecânicas (resistência, rigidez e erodibilidade) e volumétricas (retração, absorção, expansão e ascensão capilar) de misturas constituídas por fresado asfáltico, brita graduada e cimento, variando-se a porcentagem de fresado (20% e 50%), o teor de cimento (2%, 4% e 6%), a energia de compactação (Intermediária e Modificada) e o tempo de cura dos corpos de prova (3, 7 e 14 dias). Os resultados dos ensaios mostraram que todas as variáveis analisadas afetam significativamente a resistência à compressão simples, a resistência à tração por compressão diametral e o módulo de resiliência das misturas, enquanto que a retração, a erodibilidade, a absorção, a expansão e a ascensão capilar são afetadas por algumas das variáveis independentes. Dentre outras conclusões, destaca-se que são obtidos elevados valores de resistência à compressão simples (1,61 MPa a 6,08 MPa), resistência à tração por compressão diametral (0,29 MPa a 1,00 MPa) e de módulo de resiliência (10390 MPa a 25719 MPa) com teores baixo (2%) e médio (4%) de cimento, sendo desnecessário e arriscado, pela elevada retração associada, o emprego de teor mais elevado (6%). Ainda, observou-se que o aumento da energia de compactação permite compensar a utilização de teores mais baixos de cimento no que se refere às resistências (à compressão, à tração e à erosão) e módulos obtidos. Globalmente, conclui-se que o método de dosagem de materiais estabilizados com cimento da Austroads (2002) pode ser usado como modelo para o desenvolvimento de um método de dosagem para reciclagem de pavimentos com adição de cimento, sendo necessárias pequenas complementações ou adaptações. O método de dosagem sugerido nesta Dissertação é, ao mesmo tempo, simples o suficiente para ser empregado em laboratórios de canteiros de obra e amplo o bastante para identificar as propriedades mecânicas e volumétricas que devem ser avaliadas ao elaborar-se um projeto de mistura reciclada com cimento. / Full-depth reclamation (FDR) with Portland cement is a technique used for structural and functional rehabilitation of pavements and has been used in Brazil for many years, especially because its technical, economical and environmental advantages. However, a larger diffusion of the technique has been inhibited by the lack of national standards and procedures, resulting in the adoption of different design criteria, which sometimes leads to a low efficiency of the FDR with cement. This research was carried out with the objective of setting the basis for a mix design method for FDR with cement, considering the Austroads (2002) mix design method for stabilized pavement materials as a model. In order to verify the applicability of the Austroads method to Brazilian pavement materials, an experimental program was carried out testing mechanical (strength, stiffness and durability) and volumetric (drying shrinkage, absorption, swell and capillary rise) properties of mixtures made of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), graded crushed stone and cement. Specimens with different RAP contents (20% and 50%), cement contents (2%, 4% and 6%), compacted with two different efforts (Brazilian Intermediate and Modified) were cured for 3, 7 and 14 days. Test results showed that all the studied variables affect the unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus of the mixtures, while drying shrinkage, erodibility, absorption, swell and capillary rise are affected by some of the independent variables. Among other conclusions, it is pointed out that high values of unconfined compressive strength (1,61 MPa to 6,08 MPa), indirect tensile strength (0,29 MPa to 1,00 MPa) and resilient modulus (10390 MPa to 25719 MPa) may be achieved with low (2%) and intermediary (4%) cement contents, thus making the use of higher (6%) cement content unnecessary and unsafe, due to the higher costs and to the drying shrinkage associated. It was also observed that increases in the compaction effort may compensate the use of lower cement contents as regards to strengths and moduli obtained. Generally, can be concluded that the Austroads (2002) mix design method for stabilized pavement materials may be used as a model for the development of a mix design method for FDR with cement, being necessary only a few additions or adaptations. The suggested method is, simultaneously, simple enough to be used in field laboratories and comprehensive enough for including the mechanical and volumetric properties that must be evaluated when designing a mix for FDR with cement.

The increase of computer systems complexity has led to a direct increase in the difficulty of verifying their correctness. For mastering this complexity, formal methods can be used in the development of systems providing techniques for both design and verification. Regarding concurrent and distributed systems, the necessity of a formal approach is more prominent given the substantial increase in complexity due to the countless number of interactions between their constituent systems. Unfortunately, however, current methods are not capable of dealing with the automated analysis of such systems in general, even if we consider only classical properties such as deadlock freedom; the state explosion problem is the main reason for this ineffectiveness. This work is a contribution in this direction. Particularly, considering networks of CSP processes, this work proposes a local strategy for deadlock analysis based on the notion of process refinement. The locality of this strategy prevents the state explosion problem generated by the interaction of constituent systems, which represents a major asset of our strategy. We define a refinement assertion for checking conflict freedom between pairs of processes in the network; this can be used for the local verification of networks with an acyclic communication topology. Concerning networks with a cyclic communication topology, we propose three patterns that prevent deadlocks: the resource allocation, the client/server and the async dynamic. These patterns impose behavioural and structural restrictions to prevent deadlocks. The behavioural restrictions are also captured by refinement assertions, which enable one to automatically verify these conditions using a refinement checker. Besides this, we develop four case studies to evaluate the efficiency of our strategy in practice: a ring buffer, a dining philosopher, and two variations of a leadership election algorithm. One of the variations of the leadership election algorithm consists of a model used in practice by the B&O Company, an industrial partner. In this study, we compare our strategy with two other techniques for deadlock freedom verification, the SSD algorithm of the Deadlock Checker tool and the built-in deadlock freedom assertion of FDR. This study demonstrates how our strategy can be used and that it might be a useful alternative to analysing complex industrial systems for deadlock freedom. / Submitted by Luiz Felipe Barbosa (luiz.fbabreu2@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-10T16:54:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Pedro Ribeiro Gonçalves Antônio.pdf: 921372 bytes, checksum: 64def1c3ae98cbca7868d944c1f786f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T17:34:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Pedro Ribeiro Gonçalves Antônio.pdf: 921372 bytes, checksum: 64def1c3ae98cbca7868d944c1f786f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Com o aumento da complexidade dos sistemas computacionais, houve também um aumento da dificuldade na tarefa de verificação de sistemas. Para lidar com essa complexidade, métodos formais podem ser usados no desenvolvimento de sistemas, fornecendo técnicas para a modelagem e verificação. No contexto de sistemas concorrentes e distribuídos, a necessidade de uma abordagem formal é ainda mais proeminente, dadas as inúmeras possibilidades de interação entre seus sistemas componentes. Entretanto, infelizmente, os métodos atuais não se encontram, de forma geral, completamente aptos a lidar com a análise automática desses sistemas, mesmo em se tratando de propriedades clássicas como a ausência de deadlocks. A explosão do espaço de estados a ser analisado é o principal fator para essa ineficácia por parte desses sistemas. O trabalho apresentado é uma contribuição nesta direção. Considerando o conceito de redes de processos CSP, o presente trabalho propõe uma estratégia local para a análise de deadlocks baseada na noção de refinamento de processos. A localidade dessa estratégia previne a explosão de espaço de estados causada pela interação de sistemas componentes, o que constitui uma vantajosa característica da nossa estratégia. O trabalho define uma expressão de refinamento capturando o conceito de ausência de conflito, que pode ser usado para verificar localmente que uma rede de processos com uma topologia de comunicação acíclica é livre de deadlocks. Para as redes com topologia cíclica, o trabalho sistematiza e formaliza três padrões comportamentais que impedem deadlocks: o alocação de recursos, o cliente/servidor e o assíncrono dinâmico. Esses padrões impõem restrições comportamentais e estruturais para prevenir deadlocks. Essas restrições comportamentais também são capturadas através de expressões de refinamento, o que possibilita a verificação automática dessas condições com o uso de um verificador de refinamento. Além disso, são apresentados quatro estudos de caso usados para avaliar o desempenho da nossa técnica na prática: um buffer circular, um jantar dos filósofos e duas variações de um algoritmo para eleição de líder. Uma dessas variações consiste num modelo usado na prática pela empresa B&O, um parceiro industrial. Nesse estudo, avaliamos a nossa técnica em comparação com outras duas técnicas para verificação de ausência de deadlocks, o algoritmo SSD da ferramenta Deadlock Checker e a asserção de verificação de deadlocks padrão do verificador de modelos FDR. Esse estudo demonstra como a nossa estratégia é aplicada e que ela pode ser uma alternativa vantajosa para a verificação de sistemas complexos.

The primary purposes of this research were to identify construction factors most correlated to specific mechanical properties of cement-treated base (CTB) layers and to determine which construction factors exhibit comparatively high variability within individual construction sections of the two pavement reconstruction projects included in this study. In addition, differences between construction sections tested in this research were evaluated. The research focused on the construction of CTB layers in two pavement reconstruction projects in northern Utah, one along Interstate 84 (I-84) near Morgan and one along U.S. Highway 91 (US-91) near Richmond. The significant predictor variables associated with California bearing ratio (CBR), Clegg impact value (CIV), 7-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and 28-day UCS at the I-84 sites include reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content; cement content; amounts of aggregate particles finer than the No. 8, No. 50, and No. 200 sieves; 7-day moisture content, and 28-day moisture content. The significant predictors of the same response variables on US-91 were in-situ moisture content, cement content, amount of aggregate particles finer than the No. 50 sieve, time between mixing and compaction in the field, dry density in the field, 7-day dry density, 7-day moisture content, 28-day dry density, and 28-day moisture content. The factors that were found to be the most variable on both I-84 and US-91 were CBR, cement content, time between mixing and compaction in the field, and time between mixing and compaction for each of the manually compacted specimens. On I-84, 16 of 27 factors were found to be significantly different between the sites, while 17 of 26 factors were found to be significantly different between the sites on US-91. The results of this research suggest that tighter specifications are warranted with respect to RAP content, cement content, and time between mixing and compaction. Concerning full depth recycling (FDR) projects, milling plans should be utilized to achieve improved uniformity in RAP content, and inspection protocols for encouraging improved control of cement content should be implemented during construction to ensure high-quality work. Compaction should be performed as soon as possible after mixing to minimize the adverse effects of cement hydration on the ability to achieve maximum dry density in the field.

Im vorliegenden Buch werden im ersten Teil bekannte aber auch ausgewählte neue Verfahren zum Fügen von Metallen mit Kunststoffen vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen. Im zweiten Teil werden verschiedene Berechnungsmöglichkeiten für die Auslegung bzw. die Nachweisführung von mechanisch gefügten Verbindungen vorgestellt. Hierbei handelt es sich ebenfalls um bekannte Konzepte als auch um neue Konzepte aus verschiedenen Forschungsvorhaben. Anhand der Aufbereitung dieser Konzepte in Algorithmen nach DIN 66001 und der Bereitstellung von Beispielen, welche sich auf die Algorithmen beziehen, sind diese einfach anwendbar und für die studentische Ausbildung gut geeignet.:1 Bekannte und neue Fügeverfahren im Leichtbau 1.1 Einleitung zum ersten Kapitel 1.2 Clinchen 1.3 Ultrasonic Fusion Bonding and Clinching 1.4 Clinching with a lost Ring 1.5 Blindnieten 1.6 Flow Drilling Riveting 1.7 Zusammenfassung 2 Auslegungsmöglichkeiten und Bemessungskonzepte 2.1 Einleitung zum zweiten Kapitel 2.2 Berechnung von Vollnietverbindungen nach DIN EN 1993-1-8 2.3 Berechnung von Blindnietverbindungen nach J. Grandt 2.4 Berechnung von Clinch-, Stanzniet- und Blindnietverbindungen der Grenznahtfestigkeit A Bruchkräfte von Blindnieten

There are a number of available statistical methods for adaptive designs, among which the combination method of Bauer and Kohne's (1994) is well known and widely used. In this work, we revisit the the Bauer-Kohne method in three ways: overall FWER control for single-hypothesis in a two-stage adaptive design, overall FWER control for two-hypothesis in a two-stage adaptive design, and overall FDR control for multiple-hypothesis in a two-stage adaptive design. We first take the Bauer-Kohne method in a more direct manner to have more flexibility in the choice of the early rejection and acceptance boundaries as well as the second stage critical value based on the chosen combination function. Our goal is not to develop a new method, but focus primarily on developing a comprehensive understanding of two-stage designs. Rather than tying up the early rejection and acceptance boundaries by considering the second stage critical value to be the same as that of the level á combination test, as done in the original Bauer-Kohne method, we allow the second-stage critical value to be determined from prefixed early rejection and acceptance boundaries. An explicit formula is derived for the overall Type I error probability to determine the second stage critical value from these stopping boundaries not only for Fisher's combination function but also for other types of combination function. Tables of critical values corresponding to several different choices of early rejection and acceptance boundaries and these combination functions are presented. A dataset from a clinical study is used to apply the different methods based on directly computed second stage critical values from pre fixed stopping boundaries and discuss the outcomes in relation to those produced by the original Bauer-Kohne method. We then extend the Bauer-Kohne method to two-hypothesis setting and propose a stepwise-combination method for a two-stage adaptive design. In particular, we modify Holm's step-down procedure (1979) and suggest a step-down combination method to control the overall FWER at a desired level á. In many scientific studies requiring simultaneous testing of multiple null hypotheses, it is often necessary to carry out the multiple testing in two stages to decide which of the hypotheses can be rejected or accepted at the first stage and which should be followed up for further testing having combined their p-values from both stages. Unfortunately, no multiple testing procedure is available yet to perform this task meeting pre-specified boundaries on the first-stage p-values in terms of the false discovery rate (FDR) and maintaining a control over the overall FDR at a desired level. Our third goal in this work is to present two procedures, extending the classical Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure and its adaptive version incorporating an estimate of the number of true null hypotheses from single-stage to a two-stage setting. These procedures are theoretically proved to control the overall FDR when the pairs of first- and second-stage p-values are independent and those corresponding to the null hypotheses are identically distributed as a pair (p1, p2) satisfying the p-clud property of Brannath, Posch and Bauer (2002, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 97, 236 -244). We consider two types of combination function, Fisher's and Simes', and present explicit formulas involving these functions towards carrying out the proposed procedures based on pre-determined critical values or through estimated FDR's. Simulations were carried to compare the proposed methods with class BH procedure using first stage data only and full data from both stages respectively. Our simulation studies indicate that the proposed procedures can have significant power improvement over the single-stage BH procedure based on the first stage data, at least under independence, and can continue to control the FDR under some dependence situations. Application of the proposed procedures to a real gene expression data set produces more discoveries compared to the single-stage BH procedure using the first stage data and full data as well. / Statistics

The false discovery rate (FDR) introduced by Benjamini and Hochberg (1995) is perhaps the most standard error controlling measure being used in a wide variety of applications involving multiple hypothesis testing. There are two approaches to control the FDR - the fixed error rate approach of Benjamini and Hochberg (BH, 1995) where a rejection region is determined with the FDR below a fixed level and the estimation based approach of Storey (2002) where the FDR is estimated for a fixed rejection region before it is controlled. In this proposal, we concentrate on both these approaches and propose new, improved versions of some FDR controlling procedures available in the literature. A number of adaptive procedures have been put forward in the literature, each attempting to improve the method of Benjamini and Hochberg (1995), the BH method, by incorporating into this method an estimate of number true null hypotheses. Among these, the method of Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli (2006), the BKY method, has been receiving lots of attention recently. In this proposal, a variant of the BKY method is proposed by considering a different estimate of number true null hypotheses, which often outperforms the BKY method in terms of the FDR control and power. Storey's (2002) estimation based approach to controlling the FDR has been developed from a class of conservatively biased point estimates of the FDR under a mixture model for the underlying p-values and a fixed rejection threshold for each null hypothesis. An alternative class of point estimates of the FDR with uniformly smaller conservative bias is proposed under the same setup. Numerical evidence is provided to show that the mean squared error (MSE) is also often smaller for this new class of estimates. Compared to Storey's (2002), the present class provides a more powerful estimation based approach to controlling the FDR. / Statistics

During the last two decades, environmental awareness and climate change concerns have encouraged and supported the implementation of recycled techniques in the Transportation Infrastructure Industry for rehabilitating and constructing pavements in the United States. Besides that, pavement roads are public goods that bring economic and social benefits to all countries. Therefore, assessing the pavement structural condition is essential to understand the performance of new materials and determine actions for conservation, maintenance, or rehabilitation. In-situ Pavement monitoring through embedded instrumentation is a type of monitoring technique, which uses several sensors installed within the pavement to obtain the structural responses used in Mechanical-Empirical design to control the performance and define asset management plans. This thesis presents the instrumented response of a Recycled Pavement Section on the Interstate 64 (located in Virginia, USA) to analyze the actual pavement responses (strain and stress) under real traffic and environmental conditions. Several sensors were installed during the construction (including strain gauges, pressure cells, thermocouples, and TDR probes), and two recycling techniques were used (CCPR and Full Depth Reclamation (FDR)) in this project. The Instrumented Recycled Pavement Section analyzed in this research was tested during five months in 2019 to evaluate the effect of temperature, sensor location, and load configuration on the pavement responses collected in the field. During the tests, three loaded trucks ran over the instrumented section. The results showed that the pavement structure is working properly, the stress responses decreased with depth, the maximum strain over the months was compared, and the temperature effect was addressed. Nevertheless, the stress and strain data obtained in each test presented a large variability because it is difficult to control the position where the trucks are passing during this type of experiment. Furthermore, the measured strains were useful to develop a calibrated pavement structural model, which showed that the pavement is expected to have a long structural service life. / M.S. / During the last two decades, different Departments of Transportation have been studying the implementation of recycled materials in pavement structure to provide better economic, environmental, and social benefits by addressing environmental challenges within the Transportation Infrastructure Industry. Among the emerging recycled techniques, Cold-Central Plant Recycling (CCPR) and Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) are included. Both procedures recollect and use the existing asphalt in the rehabilitation or reconstruction of the new pavement structure. The main benefits of pavement recycled materials include reduction of raw materials required and gas emissions. Nevertheless, recycled techniques are not commonly implemented due to the lack of information about long-term performance under real traffic and environmental conditions. In addition, since 2004, when the new Pavement Design Guide was released, the evaluation and validation of new materials require the understanding of the interaction between material properties, traffic, and climate. To address this concern, this thesis analyzed the pavement response measurements obtained in the Interstate 64 Widening Project (Virginia, USA), where two recycling techniques were used (CCPR and FDR). In this project, several sensors were installed during the construction to obtain information regarding the current environment condition (temperature and moisture) and pavement performance (stress and strain). The recycled pavement section was tested during five months of 2019 and trucks with known load configurations were implemented in the field tests. The results showed that the pavement structure is properly working, there is an acceptable stress distribution within the pavement layers, and the overall thickness is expected to have a long structural service life. Besides that, measured strain values obtained through the field experiment were compared with the theoretical ones obtained with computational tools.

O final da vida útil de pavimentos com bases rígidas se caracteriza pelo aparecimento de trincas de blocos e de fadiga. Neste cenário, a reciclagem das camadas de base e revestimento asfáltico, com adição de cimento, surge como técnica importante para reabilitação dessas estruturas. Além de se tratar de uma solução vantajosa do ponto de vista técnico, é competitiva em termos econômicos, além de sustentável. Entretanto, a escassa normatização nacional dificulta sua aplicação, destacando-se a falta de um procedimento de dosagem. Objetivando contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um método de dosagem de camadas recicladas com cimento, desenvolveu-se um programa experimental, contemplando a caracterização mecânica (resistência e rigidez), a variação volumétrica e a erodibilidade de misturas contendo fresado asfáltico, materiais de bases rígidas (brita graduada tratada com cimento e solo-cimento) e cimento Portland. Foram analisados os efeitos da porcentagem de fresado, do teor de cimento e do tempo de cura, compactando-se os corpos de prova na energia Modificada. Com auxílio de um software estatístico, foi elaborado um planejamento experimental para definição das misturas analisadas, contemplando-se diversos níveis para as variáveis independentes (teores de cimento entre 1% e 7%, e porcentagens de fresado variando entre 8% e 92%, aproximadamente). Os tempos de cura considerados foram extrínsecos ao planejamento e variaram de acordo com o ensaio, sendo de 3, 7 e 14 dias para os ensaios de comportamento mecânico e de 7 dias para os demais ensaios. Obtiveram-se modelos com efeitos estatisticamente significativos, com exceção da expansão. Os demais modelos apresentaram coeficientes de determinação de médios a elevados, tendo em vista a heterogeneidade dos materiais estudados, além do tamanho amostral considerável. Foi verificado que todas as variáveis afetam as propriedades analisadas, sendo que o teor de cimento demonstrou maior efeito, sendo que sua adição melhora consideravelmente o comportamento das misturas empregadas, frente à ação do tráfego e da água. Foram alcançados resultados bastante elevados de resistência à compressão simples (1,00 MPa a 6,49 MPa) e resistência à tração na compressão diametral (0,17 MPa a 1,22 MPa); já a rigidez das misturas apresentou uma ampla variação de resultados (484 MPa a 20.031 MPa). Com relação aos materiais de base empregados (brita graduada tratada com cimento e solo-cimento), não se observou uma tendência única; as misturas com solo-cimento apresentaram maior resistência, entretanto, com comportamento ligeiramente inferior quanto à variação volumétrica e à erodibilidade. Na análise da rigidez, os materiais de base mostraram comportamento bastante similar. Para concluir, foi verificado que o procedimento proposto por Fedrigo (2015) também é satisfatório para a dosagem de misturas recicladas constituídas por antigas bases cimentadas e fresado asfáltico, restando ainda quantificar a possível retração por secagem das misturas estudadas. / The end of the useful life of pavements with rigid bases characterizes by the appearance of block and fatigue cracking. The full-depth reclamation with cement (FDR-C) of this layer combined with the asphalt layer seem to be a good choice for the rehabilitation of the pavement structure. Besides being an advantageous solution from a technical point of view, it is competitive in economic terms, besides being sustainable. However, the Brazilian standards are scarce thus limiting its application, highlighting the lack of an appropriated mix design method to this technique. In order to contribute for the development of an FDR-C mix design method, an experimental program was developed aiming to test the mechanical characterization (strength and stiffness), volumetric variation and the erodibility of mixtures made of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), rigid base materials (cement treated crushed stone and soil-cement) and Portland cement. There were analyzed the effects of the RAP percentage, the cement content and the curing time of the specimens. For that, the compaction effort used was the Brazilian Modified one. Through a statistic software, an experimental planning was prepared for mixtures determination, with several levels for the independent variables (cement content between 1% and 7%, and RAP percentage varying by 8% up to 92%, approximately). The curing time analyzed was outward of experimental planning and it varied according to the kind of test. The specimens of mechanical performance were cured for 3, 7 and 14 days, and the other tests were examined at the 7th day of curing time. Models with statically significant effects were obtained, except the swell one. The others had medium and high coefficients of determination, given the heterogeneity of the studied materials, in addition to considerable sample size. It was found that all variables affect the analyzed properties, and the cement content proved to be with the greatest effect among the analyzed factors. Cement addition improves considerably the behavior of the mixtures for the traffic and water actions. Moreover, higher results were achieved for UCS (1.00 MPa up to 6.49 MPa) and ITS (0.17 MPa up to 1.22 MPa) tests. While the mixtures stiffness presented a wide range of results (484 MPa up to 20,031 MPa). Regarding the studied materials, it was observed that they do not have a single trend. The mixtures with soil-cement presented stronger, but with slightly lower behavior for volumetric variation and erodibility. At the stiffness analysis, different materials showed very similar behavior. All in all, it was found that the mix design method proposed by Fedrigo (2015) is also suitable for employment in semi-rigid FDR-C, still remaining to measure the possible drying shrinkage of specimens.

Motivé par des applications dans le domaine de l'analyse de données génomiques, ce travail de thèse porte sur l'étude de l'impact de la dépendance sur les propriétés des procédures de tests multiples en grande dimension. Notre proposition consiste à considérer un modèle d'Analyse en Facteurs pour la structure de dépendance entre les variables. Un algorithme de type EM est présenté pour estimer les paramètres du modèle ainsi qu'une méthode ad hoc pour déterminer le nombre optimal de facteurs à inclure dans le modèle. De plus, ce modèle définit un cadre général pour la prise en compte de la dépendance dans les procédures de tests multiples. L'estimation du taux de faux-positifs (FDR) et de la proportion d'hypothèses nulles, paramètre important qui intervient dans le contrôle des taux d'erreurs, sont étudiés plus particulièrement. Ainsi, on montre que la dépendance entre tests entraîne une instabilité des procédures d'inférence simultanée. Une nouvelle approche est présentée : l'objectif est de réduire cette dépendance, procurant à la fois une augmentation de la puissance des tests et une diminution de la variabilité des taux d'erreurs. Enfin, ces résultats méthodologiques sont illustrés à partir de données génomiques et la procédure est implémentée dans le logiciel libre R au sein du package FAMT.