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Measurement of NMR flow propagators and local numerical analysis of dual scale porous mediaZheng, Yong, Shikhov, Igor, d'Eurydice, Marcel N., Arns, Christoph 11 September 2018 (has links)
Flow propagators have been frequently used in characterisation of porous media and the study of fluid transport behaviour. Previous work considered the shape of measured flow propagators using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) discussed the influence of pore geometry, dispersion, relaxation and internal gradients. In addition, numerically simulated flow propagators were also reported. However, a uantitative numerical analysis of local contributions to flow propagators has not been considered in the literature, yet may provide significant new insights into the flow behaviour through complex porous media. In this work we use two types of beads to realize a dual-scale bead pack consisting of micro- and macropore regions for the NMR experiments. A low-field NMR system (2 MHz) was used to
measure flow propagators for this sample. We further generated a dual-scale Gaussian Random Field (GRF) image based on porosity, beads diameters and volume fraction of each type of bead for numerical simulations. A Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and Random Walk (RW) technique were combined to derive the simulated flow propagators and validated against experiments. We carry out a local analysis of the flow propagators showing a significant difference in bandwidth of displacements in micro- and macro-pore regions. In addition, the local flow propagators indicate a linear relationship between mixing (the fluid
exchange on regions' boundaries) and flow velocities as well as a non-linear correlation between mixing and evolution times.
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A refinement based strategy for locally verifying networks of CSP processesANTONINO, Pedro Ribeiro Gonçalves 31 March 2014 (has links)
The increase of computer systems complexity has led to a direct increase in the difficulty of
verifying their correctness. For mastering this complexity, formal methods can be used in
the development of systems providing techniques for both design and verification. Regarding
concurrent and distributed systems, the necessity of a formal approach is more prominent given
the substantial increase in complexity due to the countless number of interactions between
their constituent systems. Unfortunately, however, current methods are not capable of dealing
with the automated analysis of such systems in general, even if we consider only classical
properties such as deadlock freedom; the state explosion problem is the main reason for this
ineffectiveness.
This work is a contribution in this direction. Particularly, considering networks of CSP processes,
this work proposes a local strategy for deadlock analysis based on the notion of process
refinement. The locality of this strategy prevents the state explosion problem generated by the
interaction of constituent systems, which represents a major asset of our strategy. We define a
refinement assertion for checking conflict freedom between pairs of processes in the network;
this can be used for the local verification of networks with an acyclic communication topology.
Concerning networks with a cyclic communication topology, we propose three patterns
that prevent deadlocks: the resource allocation, the client/server and the async dynamic. These
patterns impose behavioural and structural restrictions to prevent deadlocks. The behavioural
restrictions are also captured by refinement assertions, which enable one to automatically verify
these conditions using a refinement checker.
Besides this, we develop four case studies to evaluate the efficiency of our strategy in practice:
a ring buffer, a dining philosopher, and two variations of a leadership election algorithm.
One of the variations of the leadership election algorithm consists of a model used in practice by
the B&O Company, an industrial partner. In this study, we compare our strategy with two other
techniques for deadlock freedom verification, the SSD algorithm of the Deadlock Checker tool
and the built-in deadlock freedom assertion of FDR. This study demonstrates how our strategy
can be used and that it might be a useful alternative to analysing complex industrial systems for
deadlock freedom. / Submitted by Luiz Felipe Barbosa (luiz.fbabreu2@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-10T16:54:41Z
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Com o aumento da complexidade dos sistemas computacionais, houve também um aumento da
dificuldade na tarefa de verificação de sistemas. Para lidar com essa complexidade, métodos
formais podem ser usados no desenvolvimento de sistemas, fornecendo técnicas para a modelagem
e verificação. No contexto de sistemas concorrentes e distribuídos, a necessidade de uma
abordagem formal é ainda mais proeminente, dadas as inúmeras possibilidades de interação entre
seus sistemas componentes. Entretanto, infelizmente, os métodos atuais não se encontram,
de forma geral, completamente aptos a lidar com a análise automática desses sistemas, mesmo
em se tratando de propriedades clássicas como a ausência de deadlocks. A explosão do espaço
de estados a ser analisado é o principal fator para essa ineficácia por parte desses sistemas.
O trabalho apresentado é uma contribuição nesta direção. Considerando o conceito de redes
de processos CSP, o presente trabalho propõe uma estratégia local para a análise de deadlocks
baseada na noção de refinamento de processos. A localidade dessa estratégia previne a explosão
de espaço de estados causada pela interação de sistemas componentes, o que constitui uma
vantajosa característica da nossa estratégia. O trabalho define uma expressão de refinamento
capturando o conceito de ausência de conflito, que pode ser usado para verificar localmente que
uma rede de processos com uma topologia de comunicação acíclica é livre de deadlocks. Para
as redes com topologia cíclica, o trabalho sistematiza e formaliza três padrões comportamentais
que impedem deadlocks: o alocação de recursos, o cliente/servidor e o assíncrono dinâmico.
Esses padrões impõem restrições comportamentais e estruturais para prevenir deadlocks. Essas
restrições comportamentais também são capturadas através de expressões de refinamento,
o que possibilita a verificação automática dessas condições com o uso de um verificador de
refinamento.
Além disso, são apresentados quatro estudos de caso usados para avaliar o desempenho da
nossa técnica na prática: um buffer circular, um jantar dos filósofos e duas variações de um
algoritmo para eleição de líder. Uma dessas variações consiste num modelo usado na prática
pela empresa B&O, um parceiro industrial. Nesse estudo, avaliamos a nossa técnica em comparação
com outras duas técnicas para verificação de ausência de deadlocks, o algoritmo SSD
da ferramenta Deadlock Checker e a asserção de verificação de deadlocks padrão do verificador
de modelos FDR. Esse estudo demonstra como a nossa estratégia é aplicada e que ela pode ser
uma alternativa vantajosa para a verificação de sistemas complexos.
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A Finite Element Framework for Multiscale/Multiphysics Analysis of Structures with Complex MicrostructuresVarghese, Julian 2009 August 1900 (has links)
This research work has contributed in various ways to help develop a better understanding of textile composites and materials with complex microstructures in general. An instrumental part of this work was the development of an object-oriented framework that made it convenient to perform multiscale/multiphysics analyses of advanced materials with complex microstructures such as textile composites. In addition to the studies conducted in this work, this framework lays the groundwork for continued research of these materials.
This framework enabled a detailed multiscale stress analysis of a woven DCB specimen that revealed the effect of the complex microstructure on the stress and strain energy release rate distribution along the crack front. In addition to implementing an oxidation model, the framework was also used to implement strategies that expedited the simulation of oxidation in textile composites so that it would take only a few hours. The simulation showed that the tow architecture played a significant role in the oxidation behavior in textile composites. Finally, a coupled diffusion/oxidation and damage progression analysis was implemented that was used to study the mechanical behavior of textile composites under mechanical loading as well as oxidation. A parametric study was performed to determine the effect of material properties and the number of plies in the laminate on its mechanical behavior. The analyses indicated a significant effect of the tow architecture and other parameters on the damage progression in the laminates.
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Contrôle, stabilisation et propagation des singularités pour des EDP dispersives / Control, Stabilization and Propagation of Singularities for dispersive PDEsZhu, Hui 27 March 2019 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les théories étroitement liées du contrôle, de la stabilisation et de la propagation des singularités, pour des équations aux dérivées partielles dispersives linéaires et non-linéaires. Les résultats principaux proviennent des travaux de l’auteur:[1] Zhu, H., 2016. Stabilization of damped waves on spheres and Zoll surfaces of revolution. ESAIM : Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations (ESAIM: COCV), à paraître.[2] Zhu, H., 2017. Control of three dimensional water waves. arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.06130.[3] Zhu, H., 2018. Propagation of singularities for gravity-capillary water waves. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.09339.Dans [1], nous avons étudié la stabilisation des ondes amorties sur les surfaces de révolution de Zoll. Nous avons donné un exemple où la région d’amortissement est à la limite de la condition du contrôle géométrique, alors que les ondes amorties présentent une décroissance exponentielle uniforme de l’énergie. Cet exemple généralise un résultat de Lebeau. Dans [2], nous avons étudié la contrôlabilité du système des ondes de surface avec tension superficielle. Nous avons démontré, en dimensions arbitraires, la contrôlabilité exacte pour des petites données spatialement périodiques à condition du contrôle géométriques. Ce résultat généralise le travail de Alazard, Baldi et Han-Kwan en dimension deux. Dans [3], nous avons étudié la propagation des singularités pour des ondes de surface avec tension superficielle. Nous avons défini le front d’onde quasi-homogène, généralisant le front d’onde de Hörmander et le front d’onde homogène de Nakamura et démontré des résultats de propagation des fronts d’onde quasi-homogènes par le système des ondes de surface avec tension superficielle. Comme corollaires, nous avons obtenu des effets régularisants locaux et micro-locaux pour les données initiales présentant une décroissance spatiale suffisante. / In this thesis, we study the closely related theories of control, stabilization and propagation of singularities for some linear and nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations. Main results come from the author’s works:[1] Zhu, H., 2016. Stabilization of damped waves on spheres and Zoll surfaces of revolution. ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations (ESAIM: COCV), to appear.[2] Zhu, H., 2017. Control of three dimensional water waves. arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.06130.[3] Zhu, H., 2018. Propagation of singularities for gravity-capillary water waves. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.09339.In [1] we studied the stabilization of the damped wave equation on Zoll surfaces of revolution. We gave an example where the region of damping is at the borderline of the geometric control condition, yet the damped waves exhibit a uniform exponential decay of energy, generalizing an example of Lebeau.In [2] we studied the controllability of the gravity-capillary water wave equation. Under the geometric control condition, we proved in arbitrary spatial dimension the exact controllability for spatially periodic small data. This generalizes a result of Alazard, Baldi and Han-Kwan for the 2D gravity-capillary water wave equation.In [3] we studied the propagation of singularities for the gravity-capillary water wave equation. We defined the quasi-homogeneous wavefront set, generalizing the wavefront set of H¨ ormander and the homogeneous wavefront set of Nakamura, and proved propagation results for quasi-homogeneous wavefront sets by the gravity-capillary water wave equation. As corollaries, we obtained local and microlocal smoothing effects for gravity-capillary water waves with sufficient spatial decay.
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Développement de modèles analytiques pour la prédiction du comportement élastique des assemblages mécaniques à broches dans la construction en boisLy, Dong Phuong Lam 13 September 2006 (has links)
A general procedure for the evaluation of the mechanical properties of structural joints, named
component method, is now available from intensive research works at the European
level. This procedure allows the analytical prediction of the resistance, but also of the stiffness
and the deformation capacity, of structural joints under external forces (axial or shear
forces, bending moments ).
The component method is nowadays integrated as a reference procedure in two European design
codes, respectively for steel structures (EC3 [EN1993]) and steel-concrete composite
structures (EC4 [EN1994]). However, its potential scope is much larger and present studies
are aimed to apply to situations as joints in fire, joints under seismic loading, joints under
exceptional loads (Robustness Project) .
More recently, a research project [CTI-2004] has succeeded in applying the component
method to the investigation of the elastic behaviour of mechanical joints in timber construction.
That is the result of the collaboration of CTIB-TCHN (Belgian Institute for Wood
Technology) and University of Liège.
The main principle of the component method is the following:
identification of constitutive components subjected to tension, compression or shear in
the joint;
determination of the mechanical behaviour of these individual components;
"assembling" components so as to derive the mechanical properties of the whole joint.
In the present paper, timber joints with dowel fasteners are considered. Two components
may be identified:
"dowel" component (dowel fastener in bending and shear);
embedding component (timber member in embedding).
The "dowel" component is known from past researches, whereas little information is available
for the embedding component. EC5 [EN1995] proposes formulation to predict the behaviour
for joints composed of these two components; but it only depends on two factors: the dowel
diameter and the timber density. The influence probably significant of the grain direction
(material strongly anisotropy) and the thickness of the connected members are for instance
neglected.
Experimental, numerical and analytical investigations have recently been performed by University
of Liège in collaboration with CTIB-TCHN so as to propose another formulation more
precise for joints. Experimental results, performed by CTIB-TCHN, have been used as reference
for the development of numerical model and, then, analytical model. The application of
the component method to the prediction of the elastic behaviour of timber joints consist of
two steps:
"local" investigation on components that is to develop analytical models for the prediction
of the elastic behaviour of components;
"global" investigation on joints that is to develop analytical models for the prediction
of the elastic behaviour of joints.
The application of the component method to timber joints with dowel fasteners is a first step
towards the use of this concept in future to others mechanical joints (screw, punched metal
plate, nail, bolt ). In this case, others components may be derived to cover the field of application
expected.
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Berechnung von Schockspektren und praktische Anwendung der dynamischen Stoßanalyse in Creo Elements / Pro Mechanica / Shock spectra analysis and practical application of dynamic shock analysis in Creo Elements / Pro MechanicaJakel, Roland 12 May 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Der Vortrag stellt Idee und Grundlagen der Berechnung von Schockantwortspektren dar. Er zeigt, wie man exemplarisch für einen Halbsinusstoß das Schockantwortspektrum in der PTC FEM-Software Creo Elements / Pro Mechanica berechnen kann. Die Schockantworten eines Ein- und Zweimassenschwingers werden sowohl zeitaufgelöst als auch über die dynamische Stoßanalyse berechnet. Die modalen Superpositionsmethoden "Absolute Summe" und "SRSS" (Square Root of the Sum of the Squares - geometrischer Mittelwert) werden vorgestellt. Als reales Beispiel werden Schockanalysen für verschiedene Halbsinusimpulse mit einem Wärmebildgerät der Firma Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH durchgeführt und mit einer zeitaufgelösten Analyse verglichen. Abschließend wird auf die Erzeugung von Antwortspektren für die Substrukturauslegung eingegangen. / The presentation explains idea and fundamentals of shock response spectra analysis. With help of the PTC FEM-software Creo Elements / Pro Mechanica the shock response spectra (SRS) for an exemplary half sine shock is calculated. The shock response of a one-mass and a two-mass oscillator are analyzed per dynamic time as well as per dynamic shock analysis. The modal superposition methods "absolute sum" and "SRSS" (Square Root of the Sum of the Squares) are explained. The method is applied for different half sine shocks on a realistic example: A thermal imaging system of the company Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH. Finally, the creation of response spectra for global-local analysis is explained.
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Berechnung von Schockspektren und praktische Anwendung der dynamischen Stoßanalyse in Creo Elements / Pro MechanicaJakel, Roland 12 May 2011 (has links)
Der Vortrag stellt Idee und Grundlagen der Berechnung von Schockantwortspektren dar. Er zeigt, wie man exemplarisch für einen Halbsinusstoß das Schockantwortspektrum in der PTC FEM-Software Creo Elements / Pro Mechanica berechnen kann. Die Schockantworten eines Ein- und Zweimassenschwingers werden sowohl zeitaufgelöst als auch über die dynamische Stoßanalyse berechnet. Die modalen Superpositionsmethoden "Absolute Summe" und "SRSS" (Square Root of the Sum of the Squares - geometrischer Mittelwert) werden vorgestellt. Als reales Beispiel werden Schockanalysen für verschiedene Halbsinusimpulse mit einem Wärmebildgerät der Firma Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH durchgeführt und mit einer zeitaufgelösten Analyse verglichen. Abschließend wird auf die Erzeugung von Antwortspektren für die Substrukturauslegung eingegangen. / The presentation explains idea and fundamentals of shock response spectra analysis. With help of the PTC FEM-software Creo Elements / Pro Mechanica the shock response spectra (SRS) for an exemplary half sine shock is calculated. The shock response of a one-mass and a two-mass oscillator are analyzed per dynamic time as well as per dynamic shock analysis. The modal superposition methods "absolute sum" and "SRSS" (Square Root of the Sum of the Squares) are explained. The method is applied for different half sine shocks on a realistic example: A thermal imaging system of the company Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH. Finally, the creation of response spectra for global-local analysis is explained.
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