Global ETD Search

11	Regulace lipolýzy a re-esterifikace v bílé tukové tkáni - možná role FGF21 / Regulation of lipolysis and re-esterification in white adipose tissue - possible role of FGF21 Špiláková, Blanka January 2019 (has links) Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a unique peptide hormone involved in the energy homeosta- sis, as well as in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Numerous animal studies suggest that FGF21 may be used as a potential treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was found out, that FGF21 counteracts the development of obesity presumably by increasing energy expenditure through activation of thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissue. FGF21 apparently also inhibits lipolysis. However, the specific mechanism of action of FGF21 is not clear. In our experiments we studied the antiobesogenic effects of FGF21 on mice model of diet-induced obesity at thermoneutrality. It is assumed that this model approach (in contrast to housing mice at standard laboratory temperature) mimics closely the metabolic status of humans. During the 4- to 8-day FGF21 treatment we observed a gradual reduction of lipid content in the brown and white adipose tissue and liver, especially in combination with β3-adrenergic stimulation. We have confirmed that FGF21 inhib- its lipolysis and also stimulates browning in certain adipose tissue depots. Furthermore, we have found that the effect of FGF21 on fatty acid secretion by adipose tissue is not mediated by changes in the fatty acid re-esterification...
12	Hepatic Hedgehog Signaling Participates in the Crosstalk between Liver and Adipose Tissue in Mice by Regulating FGF21 Ott, Fritzi, Körner, Christiane, Werner, Kim, Gericke, Martin, Liebscher, Ines, Lobsien, Donald, Radrezza, Silvia, Shevchenko, Andrej, Hofmann, Ute, Kratzsch, Jürgen, Gebhardt, Rolf, Berg, Thomas, Matz-Soja, Madlen 09 October 2023 (has links) The Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates many processes during embryogenesis and the homeostasis of adult organs. Recent data suggest that central metabolic processes and signaling cascades in the liver are controlled by the Hedgehog pathway and that changes in hepatic Hedgehog activity also affect peripheral tissues, such as the reproductive organs in females. Here, we show that hepatocyte-specific deletion of the Hedgehog pathway is associated with the dramatic expansion of adipose tissue in mice, the overall phenotype of which does not correspond to the classical outcome of insulin resistance-associated diabetes type 2 obesity. Rather, we show that alterations in the Hedgehog signaling pathway in the liver lead to a metabolic phenotype that is resembling metabolically healthy obesity. Mechanistically, we identified an indirect influence on the hepatic secretion of the fibroblast growth factor 21, which is regulated by a series of signaling cascades that are directly transcriptionally linked to the activity of the Hedgehog transcription factor GLI1. The results of this study impressively show that the metabolic balance of the entire organism is maintained via the activity of morphogenic signaling pathways, such as the Hedgehog cascade. Obviously, several pathways are orchestrated to facilitate liver metabolic status to peripheral organs, such as adipose tissue. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/570 ddc:570
13	Systemic levels of inflammatory mediators in periodontitis Malamis, Dimitrios 13 October 2015 (has links) No description available. Dentistry Medicine Immunology Molecular Biology Biomedical Research Cellular Biology Periodontitis biomarkers systemic cytokines alarmins HMGB-1 S100A12 chemerin BAFF FGF21 ADMA inflammation mediators periodontal disease
14	Úloha tukové tkáně v rozvoji inzulinorezistence a dalších metabolických změn u nemocných s feochromocytomem / The role adipose tissue in development of insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders in patients with pheochromocytoma Klímová, Judita January 2021 (has links) Pheochromocytoma and functional paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors characterized by catecholamines overproduction, which give a rise to disorders of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism. The role of adipose tissue in these processes remains unclear. Our aim was to determine the gene expression profile in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of patients with PPGL focusing on endocrine functions of adipose tissue, occurrence of brown (BAT) and beige adipose tissue (BeAT), all in connection with other measured metabolic and energy parameters and levels of circulating adipokines. We demonstrate signs of UCP1-dependent norepinephrine induced thermogenesis connected with overexpression of DIO2 in retroperitoneal VAT of PPGL and higher expression of key transcriptional factors of brown/beige adipogenesis, namely PPARGC1α, CEBPB and PRDM16. However, classic murine BAT or BeAT gene signature in VAT of PPGL was not detected. In subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of PPGL we found signs of possible BeAT transformation, however without simultaneously undergoing UCP1-dependent thermogenesis. We also demonstrate that patients with PPGL have higher serum levels of FGF21 compared to healthy controls and these levels do not differ from obese patients. Furthermore, successful tumor removal...
15	Cytochrome P450s and Alcoholic Liver Disease Lu, Yongke, Cederbaum, Arthur I. 01 January 2018 (has links) Alcohol consumption causes liver diseases, designated as Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD). Because alcohol is detoxified by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), a major ethanol metabolism system, the development of ALD was initially believed to be due to malnutrition caused by alcohol metabolism in liver. The discovery of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) changed this dogma. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) constitute the major components of MEOS. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in MEOS is one of the major ROS generators in liver and is considered to be contributive to ALD. Our labs have been studying the relationship between CYP2E1 and ALD for many years. Recently, we found that human CYP2A6 and its mouse analog CYP2A5 are also induced by alcohol. In mice, the alcohol induction of CYP2A5 is CYP2E1-dependent. Unlike CYP2E1, CYP2A5 protects against the development of ALD. The relationship of CYP2E1, CYP2A5, and ALD is a major focus of this review. alcohol induction alcoholic liver disease antioxidants autophagy coumarin 7-hydroxylase CYP2A5 CYP2A6 CYP2E1 FGF21 HIF-1α interactions liver fibrosis LPS MAPK nicotine Nrf2 PPARα pyrazole reactive oxygen species TNFα Health Sciences

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