The development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with specific energy >200 Wh/kg plays a key role to boost the progress of sustainable transport and to promote the large-scale diffusion of electric vehicles with long electric-driving-range. The battery energy density can be increased by using high-voltage and/or high-capacity cathode materials. LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 are among the most promising cathode materials for the high theoretical specific capacity and high nominal operating voltage. However, the major concern is about their reactivity towards conventional electrolytes that decompose at high potentials leading to thick surface layers on the cathode resulting in capacity loss. This PhD work deals with the development of high energy and power LIBs featuring LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes, mainly for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. Starting from the challenging study of cell components such as electrolyte, separator, electrode conductive additive and binder, full cells with graphite anodes were assembled and tested according to the US Dept. of Energy (DOE) protocols for the use in power-assist and plug-in HEV applications. The use of a carbonate-based electrolyte with a fluorinated non-conventional lithium salt and of the reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) macroporous membrane as separator significantly improve the electrochemical performance of graphite//LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 cells with respect to those with the conventional electrolyte and commercial separator. The study of different conductive additives on the cycling performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrodes demonstrated that reduced graphene oxides improve the electrode/electrolyte interface by acting as a protective barrier that hinders the formation of a thick passivation layer on the cathode surface. The study of water-soluble binder proved that carboxymethyl cellulose remarkably improve the cycling performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrodes compared to those with conventional PVdF binder. Characterization tests according DOE protocols on graphite//LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 and graphite//LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 confirmed that these cells meet the DOE targets of energy and power for power-assist and plug-in HEVs.

Con questo lavoro è stata effettuata una misura della differenza $\Delta \mu = \Delta (m / |z|)$ fra il rapporto massa su carica del deutone (d) e dell'anti-deutone (${\rm \overline{d}}$), e del nucleo di ${\rm ^{3}He}$ e di anti-${\rm ^{3}He}$ con l'esperimento ALICE ad LHC in collisioni Pb--Pb a un'energia nel centro di massa per coppia di nucleoni $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76~{\rm TeV}$. Le misure sono pari a ${\Delta \mu}_{\rm{d\bar{d}}}/{\mu}_{\rm{d}} = [0.9 \pm 0.5 (\rm{stat.}) \pm 1.4 (\rm{syst.})] \times 10^{-4}$ e ${\Delta \mu}_{\rm{^{3}He ^{3}\overline{He}}}/{\mu}_{\rm{^{3}He}} = [-1.2 \pm 0.9 (\rm{stat.}) \pm 1.0 (\rm{syst.})] \times 10^{-3}$. Combinando questi risultati con le misure esistenti delle masse dei (anti-)nucleoni, sono state estratte le corrispondenti differenze di energia di legame ${\Delta \varepsilon}_{\rm{d\bar{d}}}/{\varepsilon}_{\rm{d}} = -0.04 \pm 0.05(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.12(\rm{syst.})$ e ${\Delta \varepsilon}_{\rm{^{3}He ^{3}\overline{He}}}/{\varepsilon}_{\rm{^{3}He}} = 0.24 \pm 0.16(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.18(\rm{syst.})$. I risultati verificano, con una precisione senza precedenti, l'invarianza CPT nel settore dei nuclei leggeri. / With this work a measurement of the difference $\Delta \mu = \Delta (m / |z|)$ between the mass-over-charge ratio of deuteron (d) and anti-deuteron (${\rm \overline{d}}$), and ${\rm ^{3}He}$ and ${\rm ^{3}\overline{He}}$ nuclei, carried out with the ALICE experiment in Pb--Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=~2.76~\rm{TeV}$ has been performed. The measurement yields ${\Delta \mu}_{\rm{d\bar{d}}}/{\mu}_{\rm{d}} = [0.9 \pm 0.5 (\rm{stat.}) \pm 1.4 (\rm{syst.})] \times 10^{-4}$ and ${\Delta \mu}_{\rm{^{3}He ^{3}\overline{He}}}/{\mu}_{\rm{^{3}He}} = [-1.2 \pm 0.9 (\rm{stat.}) \pm 1.0 (\rm{syst.})] \times 10^{-3}$. Combining these results with existing measurements of the masses of the (anti-)nucleons, the relative binding energy differences are extracted, ${\Delta \varepsilon}_{\rm{d\bar{d}}}/{\varepsilon}_{\rm{d}} = -0.04 \pm 0.05(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.12(\rm{syst.})$ and ${\Delta \varepsilon}_{\rm{^{3}He ^{3}\overline{He}}}/{\varepsilon}_{\rm{^{3}He}} = 0.24 \pm 0.16(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.18(\rm{syst.})$. These results test, to an unprecedented precision, the CPT invariance in the sector of light nuclei.

Mean-field monomer-dimer models, on sparse random graphs or on the complete graph, can be considered as an approximation of finite-dimensional physical models involving particles of different sizes. On the other hand they have a particular interest for the emerging applications to Computer Science and Social Sciences, since the real-world networks are often modelled by particular families of random graphs. We give a rigorous proof of Zdeborovà-Mézard's picture of the monomer-dimer model with pure hard-core interaction on sparse random graphs. As shown by Heilmann and Lieb, the hard-core interaction is not sufficient to cause a phase transition in monomer-dimer models. We study monomer-dimer models on the complete graph and in particular we add an attractive interaction to the hard-core one. We provide the solution of this model, showing that a phase transition occurs. The critical exponents are the standard mean-field ones and the central limit theorem breakdowns. Finite-dimensional monomer-dimer models (and more general hard-rods models) are still interesting also for applications to Physics, in the theory of liquid crystals. Heilmann and Lieb proposed some monomer-dimer models on Z^2 with attractive interactions that favour the presence of clusters of neighbouring parallel dimers. They showed the presence of orientational order at low temperatures, while they conjectured the absence of translational order. We prove the absence of translational order in a different framework, when the dimer potential favours one of the two orientations.

Neste trabalho foi feito um esforço para analisar o comportamento do perfil das bandas difusas violetas de emissão do dimero de sódio induzida por um laser de nitrogênio, no vapor de sódio produzido dentro de uma célula do tipo Heat-Pipe Oven, variando-se a temperatura e a pressão do gás inerte. Além disso, foi feita uma tentativa de identificação das bandas violetas e ultravioletas produzidas no mesmo sistema por um laser de excímero. Tanto para a emissão induzida pelo laser de nitrogênio, como pelo laser de excímero, um programa de computador desenvolvido por nós para simular estes espectros, a partir da teoria quase-estática para emissóes contínuas moleculares, utilizando as curvas de energia potencial interatômica disponíveis na literatura. / In this work, an effort had been made to analyze the violet diffuse bands profile behavior from the induced sodium dimer emission by a nytrogen laser, in the sodium vapor produced inside a Heat-Pipe Oven, varying the temperature and the inert gas pressure. Furthermore had been made an attempt to identify the violet and ultraviolet diffuse bands produced on a similar sistem by an excimer one, a computer program was developed to simulate their emission profile based on the quasistatic theory for molecular continuous emission, using the available theoretical interatomic potencial energy curves.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:01:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nakamura_pm_dr_rcla.pdf: 1197836 bytes, checksum: a1a5f80e587271830c0d626a8dc65eac (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Existem diversos fatores que podem alterar ou explicar o comportamento humano para a Atividade Física (AF), dentre esses fatores o ambiente parece ser o mais importante para modular esse comportamento. Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre variáveis de ambiente construído e individuais com a prática de AF no tempo de lazer e no transporte em adultos de Rio Claro-SP. Metodologia: 1588 adultos (45,7±17,0 anos de idade) de Rio Claro-SP responderam o International Physical Activity Questionnarie e questões sobre características individuais. Para avaliação do ambiente foi utilizado o banco de dados do Google e foi determinada a quantidade de diversos estabelecimentos e densidade populacional bem como a menor distância entre a casa dos participantes para esses estabelecimentos através do Sistema de Informação Geográfica. O tempo de AF no lazer e no transporte foi dividida em ativos (≥ 10 min/sem) e inativos (< 10 min/sem). Regressão de Poisson foi realizada através do programa Stata 12 com significância de p<0,05. Resultados: A prevalência de AF variou entre 8,8 % (AF vigorosa) a 40,8% (caminhada no transporte). As variáveis associadas para a caminhada no lazer foram: Pessoas com mais de 60 anos (Razão de Prevalência-RP=1,49), casado/convivente (RP=1,40), com mais de 11 anos de escolariade (RP=1,50), Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social (IPVS) 1 (RP=3,18) e 2 (RP=2,08) e distância com mais de 1822 metros do banco (RP=2,36). Para a caminhada no transporte foram: homem (RP=0,82), IPVS 1 (RP=0,41), mais de 1 carro no domicílio (RP=0,82), densidade populacional (dp) acima de 0,68 hab/Km2 (RP=0,79), distância entre 249 a 425 metros de escolas (RP=1,17) e 498 a 992 metros do banco (RP=1,23). Para AF moderada foram: homem (RP=1,39), pessoas com 8 a 10 anos de estudo... / There are many factors that can change or explain the human behavior to Physical Activity (PA), among these factors, the environment as one of the most important to change this behavior. Main: Verify the association between environment and individual variables with the practice of PA on leisure time and transportation in the adults of Rio Claro-SP. Methods: 1,588 adults (age 45.7± 17.0 years) of Rio Claro-SP responded the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and questions about individual characteristics. To evaluate the built environment was used the Google database, and the quantity of establishments and residential density and the nearest distance between the participant’s house and these establishments were determined through the Geographic Information System. The PA leisure time and transportation were split up into actives (≥ 10 min/week) and inactives (<10 min/week). Poisson regression was performed through the Stata Program version 12 with significance level of p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of PA varied of 8.8% (Vigorous PA) to 40.8% (Walking as transportation). The associated variables for walking as leisure time were: people with more than 60 years (Prevalence Rate- PR=1.49), married/cohabitant (PR=1.40), with more than 11 study years (PR=1.50), Paulista Social Vulnerability Index (PSVI) 1 (PR=3.18) and 2 (PR=2.08) and distance with more than 1822 meters from the bank (PR=2.36). Walking to transportation was: men (PR=0.82), PSVI 1 (PR=0.41), more than one car per home (PR=0.82), population density (pd) up than 0.68 hab/Km2 (PR=0.79), distance between 249 to 425 meters from the school (PR=1.17) and 498 to 992 meters from the bank (PR=1.23). Moderate PA was: men (PR=1.39), people with 8 to 10 years (PR=1.60) and more than 11 years (RP=2.11) of study. Vigorous ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-04-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_c_dr_rcla.pdf: 978574 bytes, checksum: d35f0d593815ae6cce81b8e66259c194 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de diferentes protocolos de treinamento físico sobre a evolução do quadro diabético em ratos submetidos à aplicação neonatal com aloxana. Ao longo do projeto de doutorado, foram realizadas às coletas de dados referentes à aplicação neonatal de aloxana e aplicação dos protocolos de treinamento contínuo, intermitente e de força de natação, em três séries de experimentos resultando quatro estudos. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos do treinamento intermitente e do treinamento contínuo de natação no metabolismo muscular da glicose dos animais. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram eficácia da administração neonatal de aloxana, observando-se intolerância à glicose e menor sensibilidade à insulina nos animais aloxânicos aos 28 dias. Aos 120 dias, os animais aloxânicos submetidos ao treinamento intermitente mostraram maior área sob a curva glicêmica no GTTo que os respectivos controles. Em relação à captação de glicose pelo músculo sóleo isolado, os animais treinados pelo protocolo intermitente apresentaram maiores valores. A concentração de glicogênio do músculo gastrocnêmio foi aumentada pelo treinamento intermitente somente nos animais controles. Assim, conclui-se que o protocolo de exercício intermitente mostrouse mais eficaz que o contínuo para a melhora da captação de glicose pelo músculo esquelético. O segundo estudo visou analisar os efeitos do treinamento intermitente bem como do treinamento continuo no metabolismo protéico muscular. Foi verificado que, aos 28 dias, os animais aloxânicos apresentaram glicemia após sobrecarga de glicose maior do que os controles, mas não foram apresentadas diferenças na insulinemia. Aos 120 dias, não foram observadas diferenças nas análises séricas de albumina e proteínas totais entre os... / The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different training exercise protocols on the evolution of diabetic picture in neonatal alloxan-administered rats. During this research, data concerning neonatal alloxan administration and continuous, intermittent and strength swimming training protocols were analyzed in three sets of experiments which resulted in four different scientific articles. The first study aimed to compare the effects of intermittent and continuous swimming training on glucose metabolism of the animals. The data from this study demonstrated the efficacy of the neonatal alloxan administration in impairing the glucose homeostasis of the animals, showing glucose intolerance and lower insulin sensitivity in the alloxan animals at 28 days. At 120 days, the alloxan treated animals subjected to the intermittent training showed higher serum glucose (AUC) than the controls after a GTT. The glucose uptake by isolated soleus muscle was higher in the animals trained by the intermittent protocol. The glycogen concentration of the gastrocnemius muscle was increased only in the control animals that performed intermittent training. In conclusion, intermittent exercise protocol was more effective than continuous exercise in improving glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. The second study aimed to examine the effects of intermittent and continuous swimming training on muscle protein metabolism. At 28 days, the alloxan animals displayed higher glycemia after glucose overload than the control animals. No differences in insulinemia among the groups were detected. At 120 days, no differences in serum albumin and total protein among the groups were observed. In relation to muscle analysis for DNA and Protein/DNA ratio was observed higher DNA content in the alloxan animals that were subjected to continuous training and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho estudamos, atravÃs de abordagen de primeiros princÃpios, algumas forÂmas de obtermos monÃmeros e dÃmeros de Ti substitucionados em nanotubos de carbono metÃlicos ou semicondutores. Apresentamos possÃveis rotas substitucionais para as imÂpurezas se agregarem à superfÃcie dos nanotubos, observando a relaÃÃo entre o nÃmero de vacÃncias sobre as paredes e a quantidade de impurezas metÃlicas colocadas em cada sÃtio! Encontramos que essa forma sistemÃtica de realizarmos a dopagem gera mudanÃas pronunciÃveis sobre as principais propriedades eletrÃnicas e estruturais dos tubos. Desde modo, à possÃvel a confecÃÃo de complexos metais-ligantes, dependendo como os defeitos nos tubos sÃo produzidos e de que forma os metais estabelecem a sua configuraÃÃo mais estÃvel sobre a lamela. Podendo servir de centro reativo para agregaÃÃo de novas estruÂturas sobre os titÃnios e a formaÃÃo de estruturas hÃbridas, tÃo em evidÃncia nos mais amplos cenÃrios da funcionalizaÃÃo. Os cÃlculos de energia total com polarizaÃÃo de spin foram realizados com o programa SIESTA- Spanish Initiative fOT EletTOnic Simulations with Thousands of Atoms, que consiste hoje no estado da arte em termos; de cÃlculos computacionais ab initio para orbitais em base numÃrica que escalonam linearmente com o tamanho do sistema. O que possibilita à obtenÃÃo de resultados tÃo bons quanto aos melhores cÃlculos, em ondas; planas, sà que de forma mais rÃpida e barata computaciÂonalmente. Um detalhado estudo da estrutura eletrÃnica de bandas, da densidade de estados, do contouT plot da densidade de carga localizada sobre cada nÃvel do sistema, da populaÃÃo de Mullikcn e da configuraÃÃo geomÃtrica mais estÃvel que o sistema alcanÃou à realizado.

A integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) é um sistema de uso das áreas agrícolas com alternância de culturas e animais na mesma gleba. Ao implantar a ILP em semeadura direta, podem ocorrer alterações nas propriedades físicas de solo. Em semeadura direta, as hastes sulcadoras das semeadoras assumem a função de preparar o leito de semeadura, promovendo a descompactação localizada do solo. Diferentes intensidades de pastejo resultam em mudanças na altura e massa de forragem, que interferem na quantidade de raízes presentes e no teor de água no solo, no tráfego dos animais e suas possíveis implicações nas condições físicas do solo. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram avaliar a força de tração exigida em quatro modelos de hastes sulcadoras, atuando em diferentes profundidades, na semeadura direta de soja, assim como a resistência à penetração, densidade e porosidade do solo e massa de resíduos e de raízes no momento da semeadura, sob diferentes intensidades de pastejo na ILP. A pesquisa foi conduzida em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, no município de São Miguel das Missões, RS nos anos de 2004 e 2005. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por intensidades de pastejo, que resultam em alturas da pastagem formada por aveia + azevém: 0,10; 0,20; 0,30; 0,40 m e sem pastejo, dispostos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Com aumento na intensidade de pastejo, aumentou a força de tração demandada na haste sulcadora, assim como a resistência do solo à penetração, sendo que estas, foram mais sensíveis para acusar o efeito da presença desigual de animais em pastejo que a densidade e porosidade do solo. A resposta ao pastejo em diferentes intensidades foi detectada até os 12 cm, tanto pela resistência à penetração, como na força de tração demandada na haste sulcadora. A população de plantas de soja foi influenciada pela intensidade de pastejo na safra 2004/05, porém esta não afetou a produtividade nas duas safras avaliadas. / The integration of cattle and crop (ILP) is a use of the agricultural areas alternating crop and cattle on the same field. While implanting ILP in systems that adopt crop no tillage, alterations in the physical properties of soil can to happen. Different grazing pressures result in changes in the height and total forage being offered, interfering in the amount of roots and in the amount of water in the soil, as a result of cattle grazing and possible implications in the physical conditions of the soil. The aims of the research were to evaluate the power demand by four models of fertilizer shanks, acting at different depths, in direct drilling of soy, as well as physical properties of soil, such as soil resistance to the penetrometer, soil density and porosity and mass of residues and roots when drilling, under different grazing pressures in ILP. The research was carried out on an Oxisoil, in Tupanciretâ, RS during 2004 and 2005. The treatments were constituted by grazing pressures, allowing for different heights of the pasture formed by oats + ryegrass: 0.10; 0.20; 0.30; 0.40 m and no grazing, disposed in ramdomized blocks, with three repetitions. Increasing grazing intensities, fertilizer shanks power demand increased as well, and so it happened with soil resistance to the penetrometer; these variables showed higher dependance on the way cattle moved through the field than density and porosity of the soil. The answer to grazing pressure intensities was detected down to 0.12m, so much for the resistance to the penetration, as in the traction force required by the shanks. The population of soy plants was influenced by the grazing pressures during 2004/05, but it didn't affect the yield in both years.

Los aerosoles atmosféricos, partículas sólidas o líquidas en suspensión en el aire, afectan al balance radiativo terrestre de forma directa, absorbiendo y dispersando la radiación solar incidente, e indirecta, actuando como núcleos de condensación en la formación de nubes. Al efecto de la absorción y dispersión de la radiación solar incidente se le denomina forzamiento radiativo de los aerosoles, y puede llegar a ser de la misma magnitud pero de sentido opuesto que el forzamiento radiativo debido a los gases de efecto invernadero. Ante la evidencia de estos efectos sobre el clima, en los últimos años el estudio de los aerosoles atmosféricos ha cobrado gran interés, desarrollándose nuevos instrumentos y metodologías para su estudio, aunque se ha avanzado relativamente poco en su conocimiento. El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral ha sido la caracterización de los aerosoles atmosféricos que dominan el área metropolitana de Valencia a partir de las medidas realizadas con el nefelómetro de integración TSI 3563. Para ello, se ha instalado y mantenido un nefelómetro de integración TSI 3563, instrumento altamente sensible para la medida in‐situ de los coeficientes de dispersión y retrodispersión de los aerosoles atmosféricos en tres longitudes de onda (450, 550 y 700 nm), en la estación del Campus de Burjassot de la Universitat de València. Así mismo, también se ha desarrollado una metodología de trabajo para la obtención de las propiedades de los aerosoles más importantes, tanto extensivas (coeficientes de dispersión y retrodispersión) como intensivas (exponente de Ångström de dispersión, fracción de retrodispersión, parámetro de asimetría). Los resultados de este trabajo se han dividido en tres partes. La primera parte consiste en una caracterización climatológica de los aerosoles en la zona metropolitana de Valencia, incluyendo el estudio de su variabilidad anual, estacional y diaria. En la segunda parte se han analizado los procesos de transporte atmosférico que se presentan habitualmente en el área metropolitana de Valencia y su relación con las propiedades de las partículas. Por último, y como fruto de la colaboración con el Grupo de Aerosoles del Earth System Research Laboratory del NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), en la tercera parte se han visto otras aplicaciones del nefelómetro de integración TSI 3563, al comparar las propiedades de los aerosoles medidas sobre Bondville (Illinois, EE.UU.) por el Airborne Aerosol Observatory del NOAA con las obtenidas por la red de medida AERONET (Aerosol RObotic NETwork) durante el periodo 2006 – 2008. / Atmospheric aerosols, solid or liquid particles suspended in the air, influence the Earth’s radiative balance both directly, by absorbing and scattering solar radiation, and indirectly, through their action as cloud condensation nuclei in cloud formation. The effect of direct aerosol radiative forcing may currently have an influence of potentially the same magnitude but in the opposite direction as greenhouse gas forcing. Because of the evidence of their role in climate change, the study of atmospheric aerosols has taken on enormous interest in the last years, with the development of new instruments and techniques for their study, although there has been little progress in their knowledge. The main objective of this PhD. Thesis has been the characterization of the atmospheric aerosols in the metropolitan area of Valencia through the measurements made with the TSI Model 3563 integrating nephelometer. For this purpose, a TSI 3563 integrating nephelometer has been installed at the measurement station in the Burjassot Campus of the University of Valencia for the measurement of the scattering and backscattering coefficients at 3 wavelengths (450, 550, and 700 nm). Moreover, a methodology to obtain the most important properties of atmospheric aerosols has also been developed. The results of this work have been divided in three parts. The first one consists in a climatological characterization of the aerosols in the metropolitan area of Valencia, including their annual, seasonal, and daily variability. In the second part, the relationship between the geographical origin of the dominant air masses and the aerosols properties has been analyzed. Finally, as result of the collaboration with the Aerosol Group of the NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory, other applications of the TSI 3563 integrating nephelometer have been studied in the comparison of the aerosol properties measured over Bondville (Illinois, USA) by the Airborne Aerosol Observatory with the ones obtained by AERONET (Aerosol RObotic NETwork) during the period 2006 – 2008.

In this work I reported recent results in the field of Statistical Mechanics of Equilibrium, and in particular in Spin Glass models and Monomer Dimer models . We start giving the mathematical background and the general formalism for Spin (Disordered) Models with some of their applications to physical and mathematical problems. Next we move on general aspects of the theory of spin glasses, in particular to the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model which is of fundamental interest for the work. In Chapter 3, we introduce the Multi-species Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model (MSK), we prove the existence of the thermodynamical limit and the Guerra's Bound for the quenched pressure together with a detailed analysis of the annealed and the replica symmetric regime. The result is a multidimensional generalization of the Parisi's theory. Finally we brie y illustrate the strategy of the Panchenko's proof of the lower bound. In Chapter 4 we discuss the Aizenmann-Contucci and the Ghirlanda-Guerra identities for a wide class of Spin Glass models. As an example of application, we discuss the role of these identities in the proof of the lower bound. In Chapter 5 we introduce the basic mathematical formalism of Monomer Dimer models. We introduce a Gaussian representation of the partition function that will be fundamental in the rest of the work. In Chapter 6, we introduce an interacting Monomer-Dimer model. Its exact solution is derived and a detailed study of its analytical properties and related physical quantities is performed. In Chapter 7, we introduce a quenched randomness in the Monomer Dimer model and show that, under suitable conditions the pressure is a self averaging quantity. The main result is that, if we consider randomness only in the monomer activity, the model is exactly solvable.