Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1979.

Vulnerability occurs at the intersection of natural geophysical forces and human settlement decisions. When humans decide to place themselves and their homes in harm’s way and disinvest in mitigation measures, vulnerability ensues. Human decisions have and continue to play a large role in furthering vulnerability, especially in coastal communities. With roughly 50 percent of the United States’ population currently located on the coast and with rapid development only projected to continue, coastal communities will be faced with a future of exacerbated flood events that will result in increased surface runoff, flooding, and economic losses. This report focuses on better understanding how the build environment exacerbates coastal vulnerability. This research involves the creation of a spatial vulnerability index to flood risk for Galveston County which uncovers the degree with which the built environment is exposed to flood risk and how this vulnerability can be responded to in a manner that builds coastal resiliency. / text

Die Studie befasst sich mit den Möglichkeiten der ländlichen Entwicklung zur Unterstützung eines dezentralen Hochwasserschutzes. Sie basiert vorrangig auf der Beschaffung, Aufbereitung und Auswertung entsprechender Fachliteratur. Darüber hinaus wurden wasserbauliche- und landeskulturelle Maßnahmen, die im Rahmen der ländlichen Entwicklung in Sachsen realisiert wurden, hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für den Hochwasserschutz bewertet. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zu erosionsmindernden Bodenbearbeitungsverfahren, die in die Studie einflossen, wurden hausintern vom Fachbereich 4 – Pflanzliche Erzeugung, Referat Bodenkultur, zur Verfügung gestellt. Die zusammengetragenen Inhalte bilden die fachliche Basis zur Anfertigung von Informationsmaterial über die Möglichkeiten der Einflussnahme auf den vorbeugenden Hochwasserschutz durch die Akteure des ländlichen Raumes (landwirtschaftliche Unternehmen, Grundeigentümer, Gemeinden, Zweckverbände, Teilnehmergemeinschaften u. a.).

Phase I Draft. Prepared for United States Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District, Tucson Urban Study, Regional Flood Control Element, by The University of Arizona, College of Earth Sciences, Water Resources Research Center in cooperation with College of Agriculture.

A case study of dry well recharge / Research Project Technical Completion Report (A-114-ARIZ) / Prepared for the U.S. Department of Interior / September 1983.

The multiobjective genetic algorithm can be used to optimize two conflicting objectives, oil production and polymer utility factor in polymer flood design. This approach provides a set of optimal solutions which can be considered as trade-off curve (Pareto front) to maximize oil production while preserving polymer performance. Then an optimal polymer flood design can be considered from post-optimization analysis. A 2D synthetic example, and a 3D field-scale application, accounting for geologic uncertainty, showed that beyond the optimal design, a relatively minor increase in oil production requires much more polymer injection and the polymer utility factor increases substantially.

There is a frequent need for estimates of design floods by hydrologists and engineers for the design of hydraulic structures. There are various techniques for estimating these design floods which are dependent largely on the availability of data. The two main approaches to design flood estimation are categorised as methods based on the analysis of floods and those based on rainfall-runoff relationships. Amongst the methods based on the analysis of floods, regional flood frequency analysis is seen as a reliable and robust method and is the recommended approach. Design event models are commonly used for design flood estimation in rainfall-runoff based analyses. However, these have several simplifying assumptions which are important in design flood estimation. A continuous simulation approach to design flood estimation has many advantages and overcomes many of the limitations of the design event approach. A major concern with continuous simulation using a hydrological model is the scale at which should take place. According to Martina (2004) the “level” of representation that will preserve the “physical chain” of the hydrological processes, both in terms of scale of representation and level of description of the physical parameters for the modelling process, is a critical question to be addressed. The objectives of this study were to review the literature on different approaches commonly used in South Africa and internationally for design flood estimation and, based on the literature, assess the potential for the use of a continuous simulation approach to design flood estimation. Objectives of both case studies undertaken in this research were to determine the optimum levels of catchment discretisation, optimum levels of soil and land cover information required and, to assess the optimum use of daily rainfall stations for the configuration of the ACRU agrohydrological model when used as a continuous simulation model for design flood estimation. The last objective was to compare design flood estimates from flows simulated by the ACRU model with design flood estimates obtained from observed data. Results obtained for selected quaternary catchments in the Thukela Catchment and Lions River catchment indicated that modelling at the level of hydrological response units (HRU’s), using area weighted soils information and more than one driver rainfall station where possible, produced the most realistic results when comparing observed and simulated streamflows. Design flood estimates from simulated flows compared reasonably well with design flood estimates obtained from observed data only for QC59 and QCU20B. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.

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