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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Rôles de la mucine membranaire MUC4 et de son partenaire ErbB2 sur les propriétés biologiques des cellules humaines d'adénocarcinomes pancréatiques : implication dans la chimio-résistance à la gemcitabine et aux drogues du protocole FOLFIRINOX / Study of the role of the membrane-bound mucin MUC4 on biological properties and in the chemo-resistance of human pancreatic cancer cells

Skrypek, Nicolas 19 September 2012 (has links)
Le complexe formé par la mucine membranaire MUC4 et le récepteur oncogénique ErbB2 pourrait participer à la progression tumorale pancréatique et à la chimio-résistance des tumeurs. La néo-expression de MUC4 dès les stades précoces de la cancérogenèse pancréatique associée à la surexpression d’ErbB2 en font des marqueurs et des cibles d’intérêt dans ce cancer. Le but de ce travail a été d’étudier les rôles respectifs de ces deux partenaires sur les propriétés biologiques et de chimio-résistance des cellules cancéreuses pancréatiques humaines.Nous avons dans un premier temps montré in vitro l’interaction entre les domaines de type Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) de la mucine humaine MUC4 et ErbB2. Nous avons ensuite montré que la perte de MUC4 dans les cellules CAPAN-2 (MUC4-KD) entraîne une diminution de la prolifération cellulaire ainsi qu’une diminution de la migration et une augmentation de l’invasion cellulaires. La perte d’ErbB2 (ErbB2-KD) sensibilise les cellules à l’apoptose et entraîne une diminution de la prolifération, sans modification des propriétés de migration ni d’invasion (Jonchkeere N., Skrypek N., et al., PLoS One, 2012).Nous avons ensuite montré que les clones cellulaires déficients en MUC4 sont plus sensibles à la gemcitabine, avec une altération de marqueurs apoptotiques, que les cellules exprimant MUC4. Ceci est corrélé à l’augmentation de l’expression des transporteurs de nucléoside Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (hCNT1) et hCNT3 et du canal Multidrug Resistance Related-Protein 3 (MRP3/ABCC3) avec une diminution de MRP4 (ABCC4). L’étude mécanistique indique que ces effets sont médiés par la voie de signalisation du Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB). Enfin, nous avons observé une corrélation inverse entre l’expression de MUC4 et hCNT1 sur une petite cohorte de patients atteints d’adénocarcinome pancréatique. (Skrypek N. et al., Oncogene, 2012).L’étude de l’implication de MUC4 dans la chimio-résistance a été ensuite étendue aux drogues du protocole FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracile (5-FU), Oxaliplatine, Irinotecan/SN-38). Nous observons que la perte de MUC4 sensibilise les cellules au 5-FU et augmente leur résistance à l’oxaliplatine. La perte de MUC4 s’accompagne de l’augmentation de l’expression de la dihydropyrimidine déshydrogénase (DPYD) et de la diminution du transporteur Copper Transporter 1 (CTR1). De plus, la diminution de la voie NF-kB augmente la sensibilité au 5-FU alors que la voie c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), diminuée dans les clones MUC4-KD diminue la sensibilité à l’oxaliplatine.En conclusion, ces travaux indiquent que la mucine MUC4 module les propriétés biologiques des cellules cancéreuses pancréatiques humaines et est une actrice de la résistance aux chimiothérapies. Ceci nous permet de proposer MUC4, ainsi que les marqueurs ErbB2, hCNT1, CTR1, et les voies NF-kB et JNK, comme des cibles thérapeutiques potentielles et/ou des marqueurs prédictifs afin d’améliorer la réponse aux chimiothérapies et le pronostic des patients atteints de cancer pancréatique. / The membrane-bound mucin MUC4/oncogenic receptor ErbB2 complex is thought to participate in pancreatic cancer progression and in tumor cell resistance to chemo-therapeutic drugs. MUC4 and ErbB2 appear as markers and targets of interest in this cancer as MUC4 is neo-expressed in the early stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis and ErbB2 is overexpressed. The aim of this work was to study the respective roles of the two partners on the biological and chemo-resistance properties of human pancreatic cancer cells.We first showed in vitro the interaction between the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like domains of the human mucin MUC4 and ErbB2. The loss of MUC4 in CAPAN-2 cells (MUC4-KD) induces the decrease of proliferation, a reduction of migration properties and an increase of invasive properties. The loss of ErbB2 (ErbB2-KD) sensitizes cells to apoptosis and decreases proliferation rate, while migration and invasive properties are not altered (Jonchkeere N., Skrypek N., et al., PLoS One, 2012).We then showed that MUC4-KD clones were more sensitive to gemcitabine, with alteration of apoptotic markers, than cells expressing MUC4. This was correlated to the increase of the Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (hCNT1) and hCNT3 and the Multidrug Resistance Related-Protein 3 (MRP3/ABCC3) channel while MRP4 (ABCC4) was decreased. Mechanistic studies indicate that these effects are mediated by the Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway. Finally, we observed a converse correlation between the expression of MUC4 and hCNT1 in a small cohort of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Skrypek N. et al., Oncogene, 2012).The implication of MUC4 in chemo-resistance was then extended to FOLFIRINOX drugs (5-fluorouracile (5-FU), Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan/SN-38). We showed that the loss of MUC4 sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to 5-FU and increases their resistance to oxaliplatin. The loss of MUC4 increases the expression of the dyhidropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and decreases Copper Transporter 1 (CTR1). Moreover, the decrease of NF-kB pathway increases 5-FU sensitivity while the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, decreased in MUC4-KD clones, decreases oxaliplatin sensitivity.In conclusion, this work indicates that the MUC4 mucin is a modulator of the biological properties of human pancreatic cancer cells and is an actor of resistance to chemo-therapies. All together, these findings allow us to propose MUC4, as well as ErbB2, hCNT1, CTR1 markers and NF-kB and JNK pathways, as potential therapeutic targets and/or predictive markers to improve response to chemo-therapies and prognostic of patients with pancreatic cancer.
2

Distinct cachexia phenotypes and the importance of adipose tissue loss on survival of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer on FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy

Kays, Joshua 12 1900 (has links)
Indianapolis / By the traditional definition of unintended weight loss, cachexia develops in ~80% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we measure the longitudinal body composition changes in patients with advanced PDAC undergoing FOLFIRINOX therapy. We performed a retrospective review of 53 patients with advanced PDAC on FOLFIRINOX as first line therapy at Indiana University Hospital from July 2010 to August 2015. Demographic, clinical, and survival data were collected. Body composition measurement, trend, univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Three cachexia phenotypes were identified. The majority of patients, 64%, had Muscle-and-Fat Wasting (MFW), while 17% had Fat-Only Wasting (FW) and 19% had No Wasting (NW). NW had significantly improved overall median survival (OMS) of 22.6 months vs. 13.0 months for FW and 12.2 months for MFW (p=0.02). FW (HR=5.2; 95%CI=1.5-17.3) and MFW (HR=1.8; 95%CI=1.1-2.9) were associated with an increased risk of mortality compared to NW. OMS and risk of mortality did not differ between FW and MFW. Progression of disease, sarcopenic obesity at diagnosis, and primary tail tumors were also associated with decreased OMS. On multivariate analysis cachexia phenotype and chemotherapy response were independently associated with survival. Three phenotypes of cachexia were observed. Moreover, three phenotypes suggests molecular or genetic heterogeneity of host or tumor. Identifying these differences will be vital to defining optimal treatment for cachexia. Survival among FW was as poor as MFW suggesting adipose tissue plays a crucial role in cachexia. Blunting or possibly preventing cachexia may confer a significant survival advantage in patients with advanced PDAC.
3

Informed Decision Making for Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Considering Chemotherapy: Development and Evaluation of a Clinical Decision Aid for Patients

Gresham, Gillian January 2013 (has links)
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in Canada. Significant advancements in chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer have resulted in the need for a quantitative comparison between these treatments on a relative scale. Therefore, a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was conducted using gemcitabine, the standard treatment, as the reference comparator. Based on results from the network meta-analysis, in which optimal treatments were identified and side effects of each treatment evaluated, an Internet-based patient decision aid was developed in order to present the benefits and risks of each therapy option: (1) Best supportive care (2) gemcitabine (3) FOLFIRINOX. The objective of the decision aid was to guide patients through the decision-making process based on their individual preferences and values. The decision aid was deemed to be acceptable and feasible based on results from a pilot study conducted at The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre.
4

To determine the role of the Platelet activating factor - receptor in FOLFIRINOX therapy-mediated microvesicles particle generation

Awasthi, Krishna 08 May 2023 (has links)
No description available.
5

Rôle de la signalisation par ERK et de la sénescence cellulaire dans la progression du cancer pancréatique

Rowell, Marie-Camille 07 1900 (has links)
Le cancer du pancréas est la quatrième cause de décès par cancer au Canada. Avec des mutations activatrices de KRas présentes dans près de 90% des lésions bénignes et tumeurs, ce cancer arbore une activation de la voie MAPK très tôt dans son développement. Or, peu de littérature existe sur les étapes clés de la progression et sur le rôle précis de cette signalisation dans le passage des lésions bénignes (PanIN) au stade avancé (PDAC). Depuis plusieurs années, notre laboratoire s’intéresse aux kinases ERK1/2, actives en aval de Ras, des acteurs centraux du programme de sénescence cellulaire, soit un programme antitumoral intrinsèque aux cellules. L’hypothèse centrale des présents travaux est donc que les mutations de KRas acquises dès le stade PanIN induisent une sénescence qui agit comme barrière à la progression tumorale, et que l’atténuation du signal de ERK est impliquée dans le contournement de ce mécanisme. La première partie de cette thèse montrera donc les avancées que nous avons faites sur la caractérisation de la progression entre le stade bénin et le stade avancé, de laquelle l’acquisition d’un caractère souche, la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse et le développement d’une dépendance mitochondriale semblent être des déterminants. Ensuite, nous présenterons nos découvertes sur le rôle des kinases ERK1/2, de la sénescence cellulaire et du stress nucléolaire dans une nouvelle approche visant à restaurer un mécanisme de suppression tumorale inspiré des lésions bénignes et impliquant une altération de la biogenèse ribosomique. Finalement, pour bonifier cette nouvelle stratégie, nous présenterons les résultats d’un criblage CRISPR-Cas9 génome-entier nous ayant permis d’identifier les composantes d’une stratégie « one-two punch » basée sur l’induction de sénescence dans les cellules PDAC combinée à l’inhibition de la Glutathion peroxydase 4 (GPX4), de façon à promouvoir une sénolyse efficace dans ce contexte. Dans leur ensemble, les travaux présentés dans cette thèse montrent un avancement significatif dans la compréhension de la biologie des cancers pancréatiques en identifiant à la fois des vulnérabilités intrinsèques et inductibles afin de générer de nouvelles idées thérapeutiques pour ce cancer hautement fatal. / Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death by cancer in Canada. With frequent activating mutations in KRas in up to 90% of benign lesions and tumors, this cancer possesses an early activation of the MAPK pathway. However, key events of its progression from the PanIN stage to the PDAC stage and the precise role of MAPK signaling in it are still poorly understood. For many years, our laboratory has taken interest in the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, activated downstream of oncogenic Ras and a key mediator of cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is considered an intrinsic antitumor mechanism due to its ability to stably halt the cell cycle. The central hypothesis of this work is then that KRas mutations that are acquired at the PanIN stage induce cellular senescence which acts as a barrier against tumor development. Still, this powerful mechanism can be circumvented as cells tend to attenuate the ERK1/2 signaling to promote progression and acquisition of more aggressive features. Thus, the first part of this thesis will present our most recent advances in characterizing the progression events between PanIN and PDAC stages, during which stem cell features acquisition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and mitochondrial dependency seem to occur. Next, we will present our discoveries regarding the implication of ERK1/2 kinases, cellular senescence and nucleolar stress in a new approach to restore a tumor suppression mechanism inspired by the PanIN stage and based on ribosome biogenesis alteration. Finally, to potentiate this strategy, we will show the results of a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen that identified the components of a “one-two punch” approach to induce cellular senescence in PDAC cells and to efficiently eliminate them by GPX4 inhibitors-mediated senolysis. Globally, the work presented in this thesis show significant progress in the field of pancreatic cancer, identifying previously unknown vulnerabilities of those cancer cells and paving the way for the development of new therapeutic combinations.

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