I examine five international investment cases that embrace the neoliberal vision. This economic model provides a new, contested space between the construction of hegemonic globalisations from above and the contestation of these globalisations from below. The first objective is to describe this space. Each ends the same way: the exit of an unwanted foreign investor after intense social mobilisation. The second objective is to show that counter-hegemonic victories are difficult to achieve: the regime relegates the voice of the subaltern to an inconsequential role, limits public interest state projects that may interfere with investor rights, and often includes a compensatory promise to foreign investors irrespective of the host state’s fiscal capacity. The third objective is to demonstrate the ambivalent role of the state in promoting such neoliberal projects, which necessitate that it adopt a more active role in either policing investment or policing society.

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In the development and utilization of living marine resources, fish resources have faced the hazard of exhaustion due to the over-fishing of those resources. Thus, to preserve world food security for future generations, sustained conservation of living aquatic resources has been the objective of the new International Fisheries Management System. Taiwan is one of the major ocean-going fishing countries which will bear the brunt. In recent years, strict measures have been adopted by the new International Fisheries Management Convention, the competition of foreign fishing fleets of other countries has increased, and the Taiwanese government¡¦s has implemented a reduction policy on the number of purse seine fishing vessels. Therefore, some shipowners purchased used vessels or built new vessels and registered those vessels under flags of convenience ¡]FOC¡^in order to avoid the above mentioned Restrictive Policy on the building of new fishing vessel which complies with the requirements of Responsible Fisheries and the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks. The FOC vessels are the consequence arising from this situation. The FOC vessels are boycotted by the international society and are unable to obtain the quota from the International Fisheries Management Organization since they are beyond the management and control of the law and regulations. There will be a threat of survival if those vessels fail to find normalization. First of all, the purpose of this research is to analyze the future development of the fishing industry, in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, and the impact of the FOC vessels on this development. Second, it is to find methods in which the shipowners of those FOC vessels can relocate their statuses and integrate the resources of the owner¡¦s countries and coastal countries, under the requirements of United Nations Convention the Law of the Sea and the international documents which were developed in pursuance of this Convention. At the same time, we hope to find a suitable balance between competition in the fishery industry and the marine biosphere through the evaluation of the advantages and strategies on the localization of foreign investment for FOC vessels and the analysis of cases studies. Then we may work out the best investment strategy of the localization and normalization of the FOC vessels. We wish that shipowners of FOC vessels could base themselves on Taiwan¡¦s development, obtain legalized status and a new opportunity for survival, under the new development trend of International Fisheries Management Convention and coordination of the investment plan in the costal countries. Finally, we hope that during the processing of the FOC vessels¡¦ normalization from its present status, shipowners will be able to give consideration to our government¡¦s weak status in international society and the advantages of costal countries. We will then be able gain the rewards from the best investment strategy. Keyword: fishery, flags of convenience, responsible fisheries, localization, foreign investment

The thesis concentrated on studying Shanghai¡¦s transformation of industrial and business environment since 1990. Here, the researcher used China's entry into the WTO as the demarcation in this research. Moreover, the research reviewed major policies and foreign investors¡¦ arrangements in Shanghai, and then applied the ¡§PEST¡¨ model to foreigners¡¦ commentaries about Shanghai business environment. By casting correlative data, the researcher found that ¡§human governing¡¨ in bureaucracy, a risk would not be estimated, probably played the most important role in foreign investment environment. According to this finding, the researcher argued that the innovation would help the investors to decrease the risk.

<p>Foreign direct investments are easier today then in the past owing to lower communication costs, improved and new information technology systems. In 1990, Brazil opened up for the global econ-omy and is today one of the tenth largest economies in the world, furthermore one of the largest recipients of foreign direct investments. Many different aspects need to be taken into consideration when investing in a foreign country such as motives, risks, entry modes and financing alternatives.</p><p>The purpose with this thesis is to describe Swedish corporations’ es-tablishment in Brazil, during 1990-2005. The authors aim to illus-trate the motives behind the establishment, choice of entry mode, the perceived risks of operating in Brazil and if these risks affect the financing decisions.</p><p>To answer the purpose of this thesis both quantitative- and qualitative methods have been applied. A quantitative method has been employed when performing the preliminary study, by sending a standardized questionnaire by email to the entire population to as-semble those corporations who established in Brazil during 1990-2005. When designing the interview questionnaire and accomplishing the telephone interviews a combination of qualitative- and quantitative methods have been utilized.</p><p>The most common motives to invest in Brazil are expanding markets and following already existing customers. When deciding upon how to enter the market, the majority of the respondents choose to start up from the ground, a Greenfield investment. The risks which had the largest impact of the corporation during the establishment were the political risk and protectionism. Intercompany financing has been the main financing alternative, though it is very expensive to borrow in Brazil. The risks affecting the financing decisions are the exchange rate, inflation and the interest rate.</p>

Darbe nagrinėjamos tiesioginės užsienio investicijos (TUI) Lietuvoje, analizuojama investicijų dinamika Lietuvoje 2000-2006 m.: aptariami investicijų srautų, pasiskirstymo pagal sektorius, užsienio šalis kitimas, regioniniai aspektai. Taip pat analizuojamas TUI efektyvumas šalies ekonomikos augimui analizuojant TUI ir BVP, eksporto ir importo priklausomybes. Apžvelgiami užsienio ir Lietuvos autorių pateikiami TUI teoriniai aspektai- struktūra, funkcijos, aptariama ekonominė TUI reikšmė šalies ūkiui. Pateikiama TUI reglamentuojančios teisinės bazės analizė. Apžvelgiami TUI įtakojančių sąlygų bei veiksnių apibudinimai, o taip pat ir skatinimo modeliai. Darbe taip pat aptariamos TUI tendencijos ir skatinimo perspektyvos ateityje. Apibendrinami įvairių tyrimų duomenys, nurodantys trukdžius, kurie stabdo TUI atėjimą į Lietuvą, o taip pat išryškinami šalies privalumai. / This paper examines foreign direct investment (FDI) in Lithuania, analyze the structure and range of investment during period 2000-2006 in the country. Discusses the inflows of investment, distribution of the sectors, main investors, and regions. The paper analyse the efficiency of FDI on the development of national economy, based on relationship between FDI into the main branches of economics and GDP, import and export flows. The main descriptions and classifications of foreign and Lithuanian authors about the conditions and factors that effect FDI are overlooked here. The low regulations for FDI are presented in paper also. Analyses concrete conditions and inducement for FDI in Lithuania, discusses possible alternative factors wich settle investment and stimulate it in the country. Discusses FDI changing perspectives and incentive programs in the future. Generalize results of various researches that indicate the interferences for FDI inflows. And also note the fortes which effect FDI inflows in the country. The author provides recommendations and proposals for strengthening Lithuania’s position as an FDI destination.

in English The purpose of this master's thesis is to introduce a reader into some legal aspects of foreign investment in Australia. And especially those which can be crucial for a foreign investor when contemplating about investing in Australia. The thesis is divided into 6 chapters. The first chapter introduces the topic of foreign investment and the thesis itself. The second chapter familiarizes with the key terms in international investment law, namely, investor (both a natural and legal person) and investment (in economic and legal sense). The third chapter describes the legal framework governing foreign investment in Australia. It provides an overview of domestic and also international legislation. The fourth chapter then deals with admission and establishment of investment in Australia. It covers how this issue is regulated in investment treaties and in domestic legislation, where the most important piece of legislation is Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act. Further, this chapter describes the concept of foreign person and the national interest test. The concept of the national interest test is important as all foreign investments which are notifiable actions are assessed by the Treasurer against the national interest test, which, however, is not defined in legislation. The fifth chapter...

This paper considers internal and external determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in South America. Internal determinants are those which are unique to each country in question, and external determinants are common among all countries in question. An empirical analysis was conducted using data from twelve countries in South America: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela. The dataset spans from 1990 to 2020. A fixed effects multivariate linear regression was conducted on one internal variable and three external variables. Evidence suggests that external factors and internal factors both have bearing over FDI net inflows but may have differing degrees.

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In today's world of international economic integration, foreign investment is an important element of countries' economic development. International law in this area has to come to terms with, on one hand, the effort of the host country to attract foreign investors by providing investors with an attractive investment environment and on the other the need to preserve sovereignty of the host country. The thesis aims to offer an overview of the issue of regulation of foreign investment protection at the international level and focuses, within selected problems, on the interaction of agreements on the protection of foreign investment and EU law after passage of foreign direct investment within the exclusive competence of the European Union. For the purpose of fulfilling the objective of this paper the author used general theoretical knowledge and used descriptive and comparative methods and analogy. The work consists of three chapters, each of which is divided into subsections. The first chapter - Introduction presents the issue of protection of foreign investment. The second chapter, entitled Agreements on the protection of foreign investment and EU law focuses on selected aspects of the interaction of international investment agreements and EU law. In subsection 2.1 entitled International Investment...