Le contrat d'investissement étranger, soulève en pratique une longue série de problèmes juridiques très complexes. Une complexité qui est particulièrement accentuée lorsque l'investissement étranger concerne les ressources naturelles, en particulier le pétrole qui restent à ce jour la ressource la plus précieuse en matière de développement socio-économique. Cette complexité autour du contrat d’investissement pétrolier s’explique par deux facteurs principaux. La première concerne la nature diffèrent et même contradictoire des cocontractants ainsi que de leurs droits découlant du contrat lui-même. La deuxième concerne les éléments de risque qui entourent le contrat pétrolier et qui peuvent interrompre son exécution.Alors qu’une étude qui porte sur la stabilité, la sécurité et de la continuité du contrat d’investissement pétrolier exigent une interrogation accrue de doubles mesures. Le premier porte sur un examen profond fin d’identifier les droits et obligations des deux cocontractants «État-hôte et investisseur privé», au vu du droit national et international. Il s’agit aussi de classer et identifier la nature juridique du contrat pétrolier lui-même ainsi que la nature des lois qu’il régissent. Alors que la deuxième mesure porte sur une analyse sur les solutions législatives et contractuelles ainsi que de leurs applications apportées par le droit international et les droits nationaux afin d’apercevoir une stabilité plus sûre et plus durable. / The direct foreign investment contract raises, in practice, a long series of very complex legal problems. A Complexity that is particularly accentuated when a foreign investment concerns natural resources, and especially petrol, which remains to this day the most valuable resource for global socio-economic development.This complexity around the petroleum investment contracts can be explained by two main factors. The first factor concerns the differences and even contradictory nature of the contracting parties as well as of their rights stemming from the contract itself. The second factor touching the elements of risk surrounding the petroleum industry as well as its affect on petroleum investment contracts which interrupts their execution.While an investigation into the stability, security and continuity of the petroleum investment contracts requires work decided into two different steps. The first is an interrogation in order to identify the rights and obligations of the two contracting parties "host State and private investor", In view of national and international law. It is also a question of classifying and identifying the legal nature of the petroleum contract as well as the nature and sources of the laws that govern its relation. While the second step focuses on an analysis of the legislative and contractual solutions as well as their applications by international law, national law and the doctrine, in order to perceive a more secure and lasting stability.

This is a study of several contentious issues in Canadian health policy involving the interaction of public and private payers and for-profit (FP) and not-for-profit (NFP) providers; the influence of health professionals on market structure; and the role of foreign investment. A case study was used, the Ontario physiotherapy market in 2003-2005, with its complex mix of payers and providers and foreign investment opportunities. Key market features were: fragmented but substantial payer influence, effective though uncoordinated cost control across payers, constrained labour supply, and fragmented patient referral sources. These features increased the complexity of providers’ interactions with patients and payers, reducing standardization and therefore favouring local, professional-owned small business FP providers (FP/s) for ambulatory care. NFP Hospitals’ market share declined. The findings generally confirmed expected behavioural differences between FP and NFP providers but expected differences between investor-owned FP providers (FP/c) and FP/s providers were not generally found. FP/s dominated the market, and FP/c providers appeared to mimic FP/s market behaviours, competing in local sub-markets. With no single or dominant payer, cost control difficulties were expected, but all 11 payer categories (public and private) used various cost control mechanisms, resulting in significant collective but uncoordinated influence. Generally, no payer alone supported a provider’s operations. The dominant labour suppliers, regulated physiotherapists, were scarce and exerted significant pressure, affecting market structure by asserting individual preferences and professional interests. FP/s dominance resulted, supported by the traditional patient referral source, physicians in small practices. Very little foreign investment was found despite little protection for domestic providers under NAFTA. In sum, this study showed FP and NFP provider stereotypes are subject to payer pressure: FP/c organizations can adapt by mimicking FP/s, and payers can modify NFPs’ assumed community orientation. Labour shortages and historical referral patterns can make individual professionals and their preferences more influential than their collective profession without diminishing the importance of professional interests. The degree and structure of payer control can make a market unattractive to foreign investors. Finally, this market – neither a planned or standard market – had a service provision pattern more broadly influenced by professionalism and practitioner interests than policies or prices.

DEFINITION OF INVESTMENT IN INTERNATIONAL PROMOTION AND PROTECTION AGREEMENTS Abstract Definition of the investment is of particular importance in terms of scope of the rights and obligations arising out of the investment protection treaties. This is the case especially when we are in the presence of dispute between the foreign investor and the host state where definition forms the basis of the tribunal's jurisdiction. The object of this thesis is in spite of the absence of globally accepted legal definition of "foreign investment" to attempt to summarize most of the historical and current concepts of this notion and to provide by means of the various legal sources, case law as well as the doctrinal points of view the comprehensive approach to its content in the modern international investment law. However this absence of the general legal definition of the international investment was not considered as the obstacle for its use. Instead it represents the advantage in terms of potentially wide field of its application and the flexibility resulting from its openness. Bilateral investment treaties representing the mainstream of the regulation of international investments covers quite a wide field of economic activities to which the investment tribunals in the course of their function attempted to draw some...

Com o desenvolvimento do presente estudo busca-se investigar a exequibilidade, no Brasil, do Anexo II da Convenção de Seul, que instituiu a MIGA. Para tanto, procedese a uma análise detalhada dos sistemas jurídicos brasileiro e chileno. A MIGA consta como enfoque principal desta dissertação, em especial por se tratar do único acordo internacional sobre investimento estrangeiro assinado e ratificado pelo Brasil até o momento. Este fato eleva a Convenção de Seul a um status especial, o que demandou uma análise mais densa sobre suas bases históricas, organização e funcionamento. A comparação entre Brasil e Chile tende a incitar uma reflexão sobre a postura brasileira frente aos padrões internacionais para a solução de controvérsias envolvendo investimentos estrangeiros e o Estado. Como resultado da pesquisa percebe-se a necessidade da reformulação do direito interno brasileiro, a exemplo do que vem sendo realizado no Chile. / This research intends to investigate the enforceability in Brazil of Annex II to the Convention of Seul, which established MIGA. In order to proceed with said research it was developed a detailed analysis of the Brazilian and Chilean legal systems. MIGA is the main focus of this study, especially because it is the only international agreement related to foreign investment signed and ratified by Brazils so far. This fact ensures the Convention of Seul a special status, which demanded a deep analysis of MIGAs historical bases, organization and operation. The comparison between Brazil and Chile incites a reflection about Brazilian attitude toward the international standards for the settlement of disputes involving foreign investments and a State. As a result it was concluded that Brazil domestic legal system must be reformulated following Chiles example.

O Direito e o investimento estrangeiro guardam uma relação muito íntima. Sabese que o Direito exerce o papel de induzir ou de reduzir o investimento estrangeiro, tendo em conta o tratamento legal conferido ao receber capital ou bens vindos do exterior. O núcleo central da presente tese é o estrangeiro. Costuma-se estudar a relação de investimento, porém é exatamente sobre a discriminação no tratamento conferido ao investidor estrangeiro que reside o principal papel a ser exercido pelo Direito Internacional do Investimento. Diante desta falha metodológica, a presente tese propõe-se estudar uma nova aproximação metodológica para o Direito Internacional do Investimento, sobretudo para adequar sua análise do contemporâneo Direito Internacional Público e seu princípio da cooperação internacional. Ao final da presente tese, conclui-se que o Direito Internacional do Investimento tem analisado as relações das chamadas Empresas Transnacionais e desconsiderado as pequenas e médias empresas, cuja participação no cenário internacional deve ser incentivada, em especial por meio do associativismo, entre empresas nacionais e estrangeiras. / The law and foreign investment maintain a very close relationship. It is known that the law plays the role of inducing or reducing foreign investment, taking into account the legal treatment given to capital or goods received from abroad. The core of this thesis is the foreigner. It is often study the investment relationship, but it is exactly on discrimination in treatment given to foreign investors that lay the main role to be exercised by international Law Investment. Given this methodological weakness, this thesis proposes to study a new methodological approach to the International Investment Law, mainly to adjust its analysis to contemporary International Law and its principle of international cooperation. At the end of this thesis, it is concluded that the International Investment Law already has explored the relationship of the Transnational Corporations and yet disregarded the small and medium companies, whose involvement in the international arena should be encouraged, in particular through associations, among national and foreign companies.

O novo contexto do Direito Internacional tem buscado acomodar interesses econômicos às exigências de proteção ambiental, em linha com o desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse particular, o investimento estrangeiro é elemento-chave e contribui para a aproximação entre Direito Internacional do Investimento Estrangeiro e Direito Internacional Ambiental, tanto em relação à elaboração de normas substantivas quanto aos processos de adjudicação. Embora já existam diversos trabalhos voltados a demonstrar como os investimentos estrangeiros podem contribuir com a preservação ambiental, pouco se tem escrito sobre os aspectos mais práticos dessa interação. Durante muito tempo, o caráter vago e impreciso da redação dos tratados ambientais dificultava sua aplicação às operações dos investidores. Contudo, a crescente consciência de parcela significativa da população mundial sobre a proteção ao meio ambiente está dando vida a cláusulas com conteúdo ambiental até então dormentes. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar empiricamente qual o tratamento concedido às questões ambientais suscitadas nos casos decididos pelos tribunais do Centro Internacional para Resolução de Disputas de Investimento (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes), o ICSID, no período entre 2000-2013. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi dividida em três partes. A primeira parte é dedicada ao contexto histórico que permitiu a aproximação entre Direito Internacional do Investimento Estrangeiro e do Direito Ambiental Internacional. Na segunda parte o ICSID é apresentado, de modo a compreender sua organização e funcionamento e, principalmente, de que forma as questões ambientais podem ser suscitadas no âmbito das disputas de investimento. E, por fim, os resultados obtidos a partir da pesquisa empírica das decisões proferidas pelos tribunais do ICSID são apresentados, sistematizando os argumentos apresentados pelas partes, bem como aqueles utilizados pelos tribunais ao decidir os litígios de investimento compreendendo a matéria ambiental. / The new context of International Law pursues the accommodation of economic interests to the needs of environmental protection, in line with the sustainable development. To that particular, the foreign investment is a key element and contributes to a closer relation between the Foreign Investment International Law and the Environmental International Law, inasmuch as in relation to the enactment of substantive laws, as towards to enforcement procedures. Although there are several studies aiming at demonstrating how foreign investments may contribute to the environmental protection, few has been written about the most practical aspects of such interaction. For a long time, the vague and imprecise character of the provisions in environmental treaties turn harder their enforcement towards the investment transactions. However, the growth in conscience on environment protection of a substantial portion of the world population has given life to clauses with environmental content that were dormant until recently. In this context, the objective of this study is to make an empiric analysis on the treatment granted to environmental matters raised in cases decided by the tribunals of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, the ICSID, in the period between 2000 and 2013. For that, this research is divided in three parts. The first one is dedicated to the historical context that allowed the approximation between Foreign Investment International Law and Environmental International Law. In the second part the ICSID is presented, to allow a better comprehension of its organization and functioning and, mainly, the forms in which environmental matters can be raised within the scope of investment disputes. And, finally, the results obtained with the empiric research on the decisions enacted by the ICSID tribunals are presented, with a systematization of the arguments used by the involved parties, as well as the arguments adopted by the tribunals to decide the investment disputes comprising environmental matters.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-25T13:16:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Romaro.pdf: 3519262 bytes, checksum: b83fc63680a9b54602cf7fc9a0e8701d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-25T13:16:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Romaro.pdf: 3519262 bytes, checksum: b83fc63680a9b54602cf7fc9a0e8701d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo / This thesis aims to investigate the acquisitions carried out by national companies from fifteen countries abroad during the period 2002-2015 have increased the financial performance of these companies. The chosen countries seek to characterize different stages of economic development and confirmation of these different stages it has been ratified by a cluster analysis. In addition, based on extensive economic literature and management is carried out an empirical analysis of determinants of that success. The results indicate that, in fact, invested cross border national companies improve performance. Which is positively impacted when there is existence of financial resources in abundance in the market and the size of the companies. The number of fusions made by companies generate apparently results in form of an inverted U, that is, there is a congestion from a given amount of the fusions. States seem to be benefited from mergers and acquisitions cross border by domestic companies / Esta tese tem como objetivo investigar se as aquisições realizadas por empresas nacionais de quinze países no exterior durante o período de 2002 a 2015 têm aumentado o desempenho financeiro dessas empresas. Os países escolhidos procuram caracterizar estágios diferentes de desenvolvimento econômico e a confirmação destes estágios diferenciados foi ratificada por uma análise de clusters. Além disso, baseando-se em ampla literatura econômica e de gestão é realizada uma análise empírica de fatores determinantes desse sucesso. Os resultados indicam que, de fato, as investidas cross border de companhias nacionais melhoram o desempenho. Que é positivamente impactado quando há existencia de recursos financeiros em abundância no mercado e pelo tamanho das empresas. O volume de fusões realizados pelas empresas aparentemente geram resultados em forma de u invertido, ou seja, há uma congestão a partir de uma determinada quantidade de fusões. Os Estados parecem ser beneficiados com as fusões e aquisições cross border realizadas pelas empresas nacionais

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-17T11:54:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreia Marques Duarte.pdf: 1507570 bytes, checksum: 2c878c80efbb6b35d05ed823e6fdd271 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T11:54:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreia Marques Duarte.pdf: 1507570 bytes, checksum: 2c878c80efbb6b35d05ed823e6fdd271 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis concerns about the main factors that had influenced capital flows to Brazil during the period 2008-2015, particularly the foreign portfolio investment flows. Highlighting within the internal factors the difference between interest rates, the international reserves increasement and the rise up on investment grade by Credit Rating Agencies, and among external factors, the increase in international liquidity provided by the monetary easing policies adopted in the developed countries. Will be unveiled the context of the international financial crisis that began in the United States in mid-2007 and the repercussion and impacts for Brazil in terms of external financial fragilization from the perspective of Minsky's Financial Fragility Hypothesis / O presente trabalho analisa os principais fatores que exerceram influência sobre os fluxos de capitais direcionados ao Brasil ao longo do período 2008-2015, particularmente os fluxos de investimento estrangeiro em portfólio. Destacam-se dentre os fatores internos o diferencial da taxa de juros, o aumento das reservas internacionais e a elevação ao grau de investimento pelas agências de classificação de risco e entre os fatores externos a ampliação da liquidez internacional propiciada pelas políticas de flexibilização monetária adotadas nos países centrais. Será desvelada a contextualização da crise financeira internacional, iniciada nos Estados Unidos em meados de 2007 e a repercussão e impactos para o Brasil em termos de fragilização financeira externa sob a ótica da Hipótese da Fragilidade Financeira de Minsky

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Nussinkis Mac Cracken.pdf: 1624243 bytes, checksum: 206ca30b746acc59fbf0a5a6fca8ba56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-10 / Arbitration is a dispute resolution method resulting from the will of the parties with full civil capability that rather settle their conflict by submitting it to another private individual, elected by them, so they can avoid the bureaucracy established by the State courts. Its creation, according to the doctrine, stems from ancient times, including its application in ancient Rome. This work will address all developments related to arbitration, more specifically in a national dimension with regards to the increasing use of arbitration. It aims at drawing new investments with the appropriate legal certainty, as well as at its materialization through a contractual instrument. It will also be analyzed the extent of the arbitration effects and its binding manner, the arbitration procedure established by ordinary legislation, and its application as an "alternative means" of dispute resolution in international relations. In brief, the main purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the advantages that arbitration may bring, which can be translated into effective benefits that will be specifically analyzed in this study, in a way that may demonstrate a higher level of legal certainty and, consequently, a greater and better possibility of foreign investments / A arbitragem é uma forma de solução de conflitos que nasce da vontade de particulares, com capacidade civil plena, que preferem que a pacificação de sua contenda seja realizada por outro particular, por eles eleitos, de modo a afastar a burocracia fixada pela jurisdição estatal. A sua criação, segundo a doutrina, decorre de tempos remotos, inclusive com sua aplicação na Roma antiga. Serão abordados neste trabalho desdobramentos relacionados à arbitragem, especificamente no plano nacional, no que se refere à ampliação de sua utilização, visando atrair novos investimentos, com a adequada segurança jurídica, bem como sua materialização por meio de um instrumento contratual. Analisar-se-ão, também, a extensão dos efeitos da arbitragem e sua forma de vinculação, o procedimento arbitral estabelecido pela legislação ordinária, bem como sua aplicação como forma de meio alternativo de solução de conflitos nas relações internacionais. O principal objetivo da presente tese, em síntese, é demonstrar as vantagens que a arbitragem pode trazer, traduzindo-se em efetivos benefícios, que serão detalhados no transcorrer deste estudo, demonstrando um melhor patamar de segurança jurídica e, em consequência, maior e melhor possibilidade de investimentos estrangeiros

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Clayton do Espirito Santo.pdf: 584120 bytes, checksum: 561e1209173d3bb2ed8d913921d12c58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-29 / The general objective in this dissertation consists of analyzing the Foreign Direct Investment in the hypermarket chain in Brazil, emphasizing the products of proper mark as differentiation strategy front to the competition. Recently the retail sector comes growing of accented form, stimulated mainly for the strategies of growth adopted by the great hypermarket chain. Beyond investing in technology, expansion of store and internal growth, the great nets follow investing of significant form in the products of Proper Mark (MP). In this segment of products the leader of market CBD/P?o de A??car follows launching new itens of launched currently commercialization and already it possesses more than 14 thousand itens. To verify which the perception of the consumers in relation to the products of MP and which the determinative factors in the choice of the purchase place, a research was accomplished in Volta Redonda city with 187 customers of the Sendas, supermarket that belongs the CBD/P?o de A??car since 2003. It could be concluded there are two distinct strategies in the positioning of the MP products, it can be offered the product as strategy of customer loyalty, in view of that the main consumers of these products are pertaining people to the social class A and B, or can be grow up popularization strategies to increase the willing number of consumers to acquire these products, because the lowest social class still see them with distrust. / O objetivo geral nesta disserta??o consiste em analisar o Investimento Direto Estrangeiro nas redes supermercadistas no Brasil, enfatizando os produtos de marca pr?pria como estrat?gia de diferencia??o frente ? concorr?ncia. Nos ?ltimos anos o setor varejista vem crescendo de forma acentuada, impulsionado principalmente pelas estrat?gias de crescimento adotadas pelas grandes redes supermercadistas. Al?m de investir em tecnologia, expans?o de lojas e crescimento interno, as grandes redes seguem investindo de forma significativa nos produtos de Marca Pr?pria (MP). Neste segmento de produtos a l?der de mercado Companhia Brasileira de Distribui??o/ P?o de A??car segue lan?ando novos itens de comercializa??o e j? possui atualmente mais de 14 mil itens lan?ados. Para verificar qual a percep??o dos consumidores em rela??o aos produtos de MP e quais os fatores determinantes na escolha do local de compra, foi realizada uma pesquisa na cidade de Volta Redonda com 187 clientes do Sendas, supermercado que pertence a CBD/P?o de A??car desde 2003. Conclui-se que existem duas estrat?gias distintas no posicionamento dos produtos de MP, os supermercados podem oferecer o produto como estrat?gia de fideliza??o de clientes, tendo em vista que os principais consumidores destes produtos s?o pessoas pertencentes ?s classes A e B, ou podem criar estrat?gias de divulga??o para aumentar o n?mero de consumidores dispostos a adquirir estes produtos, pois as classes mais baixas ainda os v?em com desconfian?a.