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This diploma thesis provides a comprehensive proposal of stabilization mechanism for sensing and FPV camera for remote controlled propeller plane. Summarizes the current human knowledge milestones in the field and describes the current state of knowledge and the market situation. Taking into account all acquired knowledge the author then describes two different design proposals outlining its related processes, such as manufacturing, electronics installation and commissioning.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Poultry production is a very important economic activity in Brazil once the country is among the highest world avian producers. The knowledge of the pathogens epidemiology is essential to the control of infectious diseases and such control is very strict in chickens and turkeys on the avian industry. However, the avian population of the country shows a big diversity of domestic and wild birds and the chicken backyard population is out of this control. To investigate the presence of antibodies against specific viruses in the backyard chicken population, blood was collected of 867 non-vaccinated birds, from 60 farms and 22 counties from the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Neutralizing antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were detected in 65% (564/867) of the individuals, against avian reovirus (ARV) in 21.6% (187/867) and, against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in 80.2% (695/867). The results presented on the first chapter indicated that the tested viruses are circulating among this population. Among the wild species there is a group of Galliformes, classified at the Cracidae family and commonly known as guans, chachalacas and curassows which deserved a special attention in the present study. To determine the microbiota, the bacterial resistance and the presence of antibodies against specific viruses in these birds, fifty one serum and cloacal swab samples were collected from 10 different cracid species captive in the Rio Grande do Sul State during 2007. Serum samples were submitted to serum-neutralization test and specific antibodies were detected against IBV in 5.9% (3/51) of the cracids, against ARV in 15.7% (8/51) and, against IBDV in 35.3% (18/51). All the samples were found to be negative to fowlpox virus by the AGID test. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed from the cloacal swabs. After that, the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Ninety three bacterial isolates were obtained from 10 different genera. Escherichia spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are among the most prevalent genera. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in several isolates, with Serratia marcescens presenting the highest level of resistance to multi drugs followed by Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, among others. The results from the second chapter of this dissertation allowed us to conclude that bacterial resistance is spread in the captive cracid microbiota and, most importantly, these species are susceptible to the infection by IBV, IBDV and ARV. / A avicultura é uma das principais atividades econômicas do Brasil, que ocupa posição de destaque entre os exportadores de frango e subprodutos. O conhecimento da epidemiologia de patógenos que podem gerar prejuízos a essa atividade é essencial para o controle das enfermidades infecciosas. Este controle é realizado em larga escala em galinhas e perus criados no sistema industrial. Entretanto a população avícola do país consiste de uma grande diversidade de aves domésticas e selvagens, sendo o grupo conhecido como galinhas de terreiro formado por indivíduos desta espécie criados fora do sistema industrial. Com o objetivo de investigar a presença de anticorpos contra alguns vírus específicos na população de galinhas de terreiro, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 867 galinhas não vacinadas, em 60 propriedades de 22 municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, que foram testadas pela técnica de soroneutralização. Anticorpos contra o vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (IBV) foram detectados em 65% (564/867) destas aves, contra o reovírus aviário (ARV) em 21,6% (187/867) e contra o vírus da doença infecciosa da bolsa (IBDV) em 80,2% (695/867). Os descritos no primeiro capítulo desta dissertação permitiram demostrar a circulação dos vírus testados na população descrita. No segundo capítulo trabalhou-se com aves da ordem Galliformes, pertencentes à família Cracidae e conhecidos popularmente como jacus, jacutingas, araquãs e mutuns, com o intuito de conhecer a microbiota, resistência bacteriana e a presença de anticorpos contra vírus de aves, 51 amostras de soro e swab cloacal de 10 diferentes espécies de cracídeos cativos do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul foram coletadas durante o ano de 2007. As amostras de soro foram utilizadas para a detecção de anticorpos neutralizantes contra o IBV, ARV e IBDV, onde obteve os seguintes resultados: contra o IBV em 5,9% (3/51) das amostras positivas, contra o ARV em 15,7% (8/51) e contra o IBDV em 35,3% (18/51). Através do teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) determinou-se que todas as amostras de soro eram negativas para o vírus da bouba aviária. Para o isolamento e identificação bacteriana foram realizados dos swabs cloacais e, posteriormente, foi testada a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana. Foram obtidos 93 isolados bacterianos, divididos em 10 diferentes gêneros. Entre os gêneros bacterianos mais prevalentes estavam Escherichia spp., Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. Foi observada em grande número de isolados resistência à antimicrobianos, sendo que a bactéria Serratia marcescens apresentou o maior índice de resistência múltipla antimicrobiana. Os altos índices de resistência também foram detectados para Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli. Os resultados apresentados permitem concluir que a resistência bacteriana está disseminada na microbiota de cracídeos cativos e que indivíduos destas espécies são suscetíveis à infecção pelo IBV, IBDV e ARV, assim como as galinhas de terreiro.

A floating photovoltaic (FPV) system is a structure of solar cells placed on water, where the solar cells are mounted on floating modules that have to be anchored. To know the size of the anchoring equipment, the forces on the FPV need to be determined. The main force affecting the FPV is the wind force. The force from the wind is directly correlated with the drag coefficient, hence we need to determine the drag coefficient to understand the system. The goal of this thesis is to first find the difference in the drag coefficient between two configurations of FPVs and for a second case with a floater added in front of both setups. To determine the difference in drag coefficient, between the two cases, the wind flow over the FPVs were studied by simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and calculating the drag coefficient for each case. The simulations showed that the difference in drag coefficient in the cases without a floater had the biggest difference between the first FPVs where the difference was a factor of two. For the cases with the floater, the simulations gave a similar result for the two configurations, leading to a smaller difference between the two configurations. We conclude that if a system without a floater is built, the configurations of the FPVs are important, while if the floater is added in front of the FPV there is less importance in the configurations of the FPVs.

(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for outbreaks of feline panleukopenia in shelters. (2) Methods: Four shelters (AD) with 150 cats were included. Fecal samples were analyzed by parvovirus real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), including culture and sequencing of qPCR-positive samples. Information on cats, husbandry, hygiene, and infection management was evaluated to determine risk factors for feline panleukopenia and parvovirus shedding by logistic regression. (3) Results: Feline panleukopenia occurred in 28.0% (42/150) of cats (0 in shelter D). Shedding was found in 48.7% (73/150) (A: 21/73; B: 29/73; C: 7/73; D: 16/73). Of 73 qPCR-positive fecal samples, 65.8% (48/73) were culture-positive; sequencing revealed feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) isolates in 34/48 samples and vaccine virus isolate in 14/48; canine parvovirus was not detected. Presence of feline panleukopenia was significantly more likely in cats from shelter A (p < 0.05), unvaccinated cats (p < 0.001), and young cats (4 weeks to 2 years; p = 0.008). Parvovirus shedding was significantly more common in young cats (p < 0.001), cats with feline panleukopenia (p = 0.033), and group-housed cats (p = 0.025). (4) Conclusions: Vaccination is the most important measure to reduce the risk of feline panleukopenia in shelters. Risk of parvovirus shedding is especially high in young, group-housed cats.