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An investigation of cultural learning during the hospital briefing process from a facilities management perspectiveChandra, Venny, Centre for Health Assets Australasia, Faculty of Built Environment, UNSW January 2007 (has links)
The continued development of Facilities Management (FM) as a profession largely depends on it playing a stronger strategic role in the decision-making of organisations. This requires the capability of better understanding the clients' facility needs and requirements, which ultimately means that Facilities Managers must learn about the nature of clients' organisations and their organisational cultures. This study contends that in a project it is the briefing process that provides the greatest opportunity for cultural learning to occur, a process wherein it is important for the actors to converge upon shared understanding of facility needs and requirements. By focusing on culture at a cognitive rather than a behavioural level, this study has specifically attempted to identify the types of knowledge learned during a briefing process, to explore the process of cultural learning and the factors that encourage or impede such learning, and to produce an insight into the process. A hospital partnering project was adopted as a case study for investigating the process of cultural learning during the briefing process. Using Nonaka's (1994) theory of Knowledge Creation, this study portrays the briefing process as one wherein the social processes during briefing facilitate the conversion of tacit and explicit knowledge in a cyclical way. Sackmann's (1991) categorisation of knowledge has been used to analyse the social interactions during briefing by dissecting the different levels of knowledge being shared. In support of the cognitive perspective of learning and the conceptual understanding of culture as mindsets or cognitions, Laukkanen's (1996) Comparative Cause Mapping method was used to measure the cultural learning occurring among members of both the FM and their clients' groups, using an in-depth inquiry into five key concepts during the briefing process. Data was collected longitudinally during the briefing process using real-time observations and semi-structured interviews which maximised the comparative measures of similarities and differences in the Cause Maps depicting cultural learning. This integration of culture, learning, and briefing theories usmg Nonaka's (1994) knowledge creation theory, Sackmann's (1991) categorisation of knowledge, and Laukkanen's (1996) Comparative Cause Mapping method has produced interesting and useful insights into the process of cultural learning during the briefing process within a hospital partnering project. The study has found that significant cultural learning did take place during the briefing process and that partnering projects can present opportunities for this to occur. In particular, it is established that cultural learning is best conceived of as a process of social construction in which individuals, subgroups and groups engage in a collective approach to understanding facility needs and requirements. More specifically, briefing meetings were found to represent contexts for social interactions in which cultural learning took place. This learning occurred in constantly negotiated boundaries and through conflicts and disagreements, with actors competing in a dynamic process of social construction to have their version of understanding of the clients' needs and requirements prevail. The diverse client groups within the hospital context being studied provided a management opportunity for Facility Managers to act as 'mediators', which facilitated cultural learning. Finally, FM technical knowledge was shown to be an important tool for the FM group during the process of cultural learning as the participants negotiated their versions of knowledge.
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Facility Management : en studie av sex organisationer och företagAndersson, Therese, Sandberg, Marie January 2006 (has links)
<p>I och med att intresset ökat för produktivitetsförbättringar, med början under tidigt 1980-tal, har FM blivit mer och mer intressant för företag. Detta då de insett vikten av att stödjande funktioner måste hinna med i utvecklingen av kärnverksamheten för att ökad effektivitet skall kunna erhållas. FM beskrivs som ett sätt för företag och organisationer att samordna, organisera och sköta de stödfunktioner som krävs för att kärnverksamheten skall kunna bedrivas och bli så effektiv och produktiv som möjligt. Stödfunktionerna kan antingen utföras i intern eller extern regi. Med kärnverksamhet menas det som privat och offentlig sektor ser som sin huvuduppgift.</p><p>Den här uppsatsen är skriven i syfte att förtydliga begreppet FM, som kan uppfattas som relativt svårgreppbart. Vi vill även undersöka hur privata företag och offentliga organisationer har valt att använda sig av FM-begreppet och om det finns någon skillnad mellan privat och offentlig sektor gällande FM-strukturen och synsättet. För att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen har vi undersökt vad FM är enligt branschen, företagen och organisationerna, hur FM-strukturen ser ut i undersökningens företag och organisationer och vad som har integrerats i FM hos dessa. Vi har även undersökt varför FM har införts i undersökningens företag och organisationer och vilka mål som finns med FM efter införandet, samt hur dessa mål mäts. Vidare har vi tagit reda på hur studiens företag och organisationer själva upplever att FM har mottagits av respektive aktörs kärnverksamhets personal (aktörens egen kund), kundernas kund samt vilka för- och nackdelar det finns med FM.</p><p>Metoden som använts för att belysa dessa frågor, är kvalitativ med en blandning av induktiv och deduktiv datainsamling. Detta då delar av teoribildningen inom vårt ämnesområde inte är särskilt utvecklad. Vår insamling av empiri skedde genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer, tre med privata företag samt tre med offentliga organisationer. Den insamlade empirin samt den teori som fanns strukturerades sedan och analyserades.</p><p>Av undersökningen framgår att FM sträcker sig över ett mycket stort område med många olika sorters tjänster. Huvudsakligen är teori och empiri överens om vad FM är. Våra respondenters åsikter om FM går dock isär gällande frågan om fastigheten skall vara det viktigaste eller enbart en del i FM. Hos de företag/organisationer som intervjuats har ett företag varit en extern FM-enhet, de övriga fem har varit interna enheter. Vi har i vår empiri fått en bild av att effektivitet oftast är den grundläggande orsaken till varför företag/organisationer inför FM, men även andra faktorer såsom t.ex. förtydligande för företaget har spelat roll. Ökad effektivitet är även ett av målen med FM för företagen/organisationerna. Exempel på andra mål med FM är att kunskapen om stödfunktionerna ska öka. Gällande mål syns en stor skillnad mellan de interna FM-enheterna och den externa FM-enheten, då de interna enheterna inte har något vinstsyfte. Företagen/organisationerna valde att mäta sina mål på olika sätt. </p><p>Det finns främst positiva attityder angående FM-begreppet. Enligt våra respondenter har FM övervägande varit positivt för de som är anställda i kärnverksamheterna. Två av våra respondenter har dock uttalat sig om att en viss negativ inställning finns hos personalen. </p><p>Hur kundernas kund, alltså kärnverksamhetens kunder upplever FM har vi inte vid vår undersökning fått reda på, eftersom ingen av våra respondenter egentligen kunde svara på vår fråga. Enligt oss borde det ligga i FM-enhetens intresse att mäta kundernas kunds uppfattning.</p>
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Facility Management : en studie av sex organisationer och företagAndersson, Therese, Sandberg, Marie January 2006 (has links)
I och med att intresset ökat för produktivitetsförbättringar, med början under tidigt 1980-tal, har FM blivit mer och mer intressant för företag. Detta då de insett vikten av att stödjande funktioner måste hinna med i utvecklingen av kärnverksamheten för att ökad effektivitet skall kunna erhållas. FM beskrivs som ett sätt för företag och organisationer att samordna, organisera och sköta de stödfunktioner som krävs för att kärnverksamheten skall kunna bedrivas och bli så effektiv och produktiv som möjligt. Stödfunktionerna kan antingen utföras i intern eller extern regi. Med kärnverksamhet menas det som privat och offentlig sektor ser som sin huvuduppgift. Den här uppsatsen är skriven i syfte att förtydliga begreppet FM, som kan uppfattas som relativt svårgreppbart. Vi vill även undersöka hur privata företag och offentliga organisationer har valt att använda sig av FM-begreppet och om det finns någon skillnad mellan privat och offentlig sektor gällande FM-strukturen och synsättet. För att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen har vi undersökt vad FM är enligt branschen, företagen och organisationerna, hur FM-strukturen ser ut i undersökningens företag och organisationer och vad som har integrerats i FM hos dessa. Vi har även undersökt varför FM har införts i undersökningens företag och organisationer och vilka mål som finns med FM efter införandet, samt hur dessa mål mäts. Vidare har vi tagit reda på hur studiens företag och organisationer själva upplever att FM har mottagits av respektive aktörs kärnverksamhets personal (aktörens egen kund), kundernas kund samt vilka för- och nackdelar det finns med FM. Metoden som använts för att belysa dessa frågor, är kvalitativ med en blandning av induktiv och deduktiv datainsamling. Detta då delar av teoribildningen inom vårt ämnesområde inte är särskilt utvecklad. Vår insamling av empiri skedde genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer, tre med privata företag samt tre med offentliga organisationer. Den insamlade empirin samt den teori som fanns strukturerades sedan och analyserades. Av undersökningen framgår att FM sträcker sig över ett mycket stort område med många olika sorters tjänster. Huvudsakligen är teori och empiri överens om vad FM är. Våra respondenters åsikter om FM går dock isär gällande frågan om fastigheten skall vara det viktigaste eller enbart en del i FM. Hos de företag/organisationer som intervjuats har ett företag varit en extern FM-enhet, de övriga fem har varit interna enheter. Vi har i vår empiri fått en bild av att effektivitet oftast är den grundläggande orsaken till varför företag/organisationer inför FM, men även andra faktorer såsom t.ex. förtydligande för företaget har spelat roll. Ökad effektivitet är även ett av målen med FM för företagen/organisationerna. Exempel på andra mål med FM är att kunskapen om stödfunktionerna ska öka. Gällande mål syns en stor skillnad mellan de interna FM-enheterna och den externa FM-enheten, då de interna enheterna inte har något vinstsyfte. Företagen/organisationerna valde att mäta sina mål på olika sätt. Det finns främst positiva attityder angående FM-begreppet. Enligt våra respondenter har FM övervägande varit positivt för de som är anställda i kärnverksamheterna. Två av våra respondenter har dock uttalat sig om att en viss negativ inställning finns hos personalen. Hur kundernas kund, alltså kärnverksamhetens kunder upplever FM har vi inte vid vår undersökning fått reda på, eftersom ingen av våra respondenter egentligen kunde svara på vår fråga. Enligt oss borde det ligga i FM-enhetens intresse att mäta kundernas kunds uppfattning.
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Prozessorientiertes Facility Management in verteilten Umgebungen / Process Oriented Facility Management in Distributed EnvironmentsKarkola, Carsten 22 April 2006 (has links) (PDF)
The term Facility Management describes one part of business management with the goal of supporting the management activities through the delivery of infrastructure, technology and services. It covers the whole life cycle of a structural facility. An integration of facility management in the active processes of an enterprise or an enterprise group will be substantially supported by the introduction of an efficient, flexible and future-safe computer aided facility management system. But still no universal standards were established in this area. With high expenditure adapted single solutions are the rule, harm however the demand for a save investment independently of proprietary special solutions of individual manufacturers. An analysis of existing business standards shows that these solutions are suitable only partly for combining the existing isolated solutions in a virtual enterprise group in order to create a sustainable architectural approach for a process oriented facility management. In doing so the communication must not be reduced to pure data exchange, but only stable interface definitions and accurately specified document formats can lead to a continuous solution. In order to make these solutions for developers and end users in the phases of the design, the implementation and maintenance equally clear, a common vocabulary of concepts is necessary. The usage of the Unified Modeling Language gives thereby a promising basis. The concrete models with the contained types and their relations to each other are described over meta models. The usage of XML as means to data exchange between the individual components and for the description of the meta models guarantees a flexible and future-safe development basis. In the context of the work based on use cases the conception for a framework with core components for process oriented facility management in distributed environments is designed. The framework Simplix conceived by the author integrates meta models for the description of concrete data, workflow and access schemes. The designed modules are embedded into a component-based architecture, in order to obtain a greatest possible flexibility for the deployment in heterogeneous IT environments. The framework Simplix covers four core components. The SchemaService describes the concrete product models, the associated processes are represented by the WorkflowService. The realization of the access rules is realized by the SecurityService. The exchange of workflow messages with the encapsulated project data is done by the ExchangeService in XML. The presented design focuses on the integration of existing business and IT standards. The design of the four core components describes a possibility of standardization in the area of CAFM, which connects only the relevant data over processes detached from conventional export/import scenarios: &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Reduction of the complexity of conventional product models by a standardization over meta models, the actual product and process models can be designed for end users and to their vocabulary of concepts adapted&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Support of the Ad-Hoc-manipulation of concrete product and process models, only thereby can be achieved an integration of different vocabulary of concepts&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;The usage of standardized methods in the analysis and design phases makes a fast technical implementation of the individual services possible, especially during the integration of external software systems as always necessary in the CAFM sector&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Due to a clear interface specification external offers for individual services can be provided and used, the continuous use of XML makes an effective long-term data storage in a standardized, self-describing language possible&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; / Der Begriff Facility Management bezeichnet eine Facette des unternehmerischen Managements, die es zum Ziel hat, die unternehmerischen Aktivitäten durch die Bereitstellung von Infrastruktur, Technologien und Diensten zu unterstützen und umfaßt den gesamten Lebenszyklus einer baulichen Anlage. Eine Einbettung von Facility Management in die laufenden Prozesse eines Unternehmens oder eines Unternehmensverbundes wird durch die Einführung eines leistungsfähigen, flexiblen und zukunftssicheren Computer Aided Facility Management Systems wesentlich unterstützt. Allerdings haben sich auf diesem Gebiet noch keine durchgängigen Standards etabliert, mit hohem Aufwand angepaßte Einzellösungen sind die Regel, verletzen aber die Forderung nach Investitionssicherheit unabhängig von den proprietären Speziallösungen einzelner Hersteller. Eine Analyse vorhandener Geschäftsstandards zeigt, daß diese Ansätze nur teilweise dazu geeignet sind, die vorhandenen Insellösungen in einem virtuellen Unternehmensverbund miteinander zu kombinieren, um einen tragfähigen Architekturansatz für ein prozeßorientiertes Facility Management zu schaffen. Dabei darf die Kommunikation nicht auf den reinen Datenaustausch reduziert werden, sondern nur stabile Schnittstellendefinitionen und exakt spezifizierte Dokumentenformate können zu einer durchgehenden Lösung führen. Die konkreten Modelle mit den enthaltenen Typen und deren Beziehungen zueinander werden über Metamodelle beschrieben. Der Einsatz von XML als Mittel zum Datenaustausch zwischen den einzelnen Komponenten und zur Beschreibung der Metamodelle garantiert eine flexible und zukunftssichere Entwicklungsgrundlage. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wird auf der Basis von Anwendungsfällen die Konzeption für ein Framework mit Kernkomponenten zum prozeßorientierten Facility Management in verteilten Umgebungen entworfen. Das vom Autor konzipierte Framework Simplix integriert Metamodelle zur Beschreibung konkreter Daten-, Workflow- und Zugriffsschemata. Die dazu geplanten Module werden in eine komponentenbasierte Architektur eingebettet, um eine größtmögliche Flexibilität beim Einsatz in heterogenen IT-Umgebungen zu erzielen. Das Framework Simplix umfaßt vier Kernkomponenten. Der SchemaService beschreibt die konkreten Produktmodelle, die zugehörigen Prozesse werden über den WorkflowService abgebildet. Die Realisierung der Mechanismen zur Zugriffskontrolle werden vom SecurityService übernommen. Der Austausch von Workflow-Nachrichten mit den gekapselten Projektdaten erfolgt über den ExchangeService in XML. Der vorgestellte Ansatz setzt auf die Integration vorhandener Geschäfts- und IT-Standards. Der Entwurf der vier Kernkomponenten beschreibt eine Möglichkeit der Standardisierung im CAFM-Sektor, die losgelöst von herkömmlichen Export-/Import-Szenarios funktioniert und nur die relevanten Daten über Prozesse verknüpft: &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Reduzierung der Komplexität herkömmlicher Produktmodelle durch eine Standardisierung über Metamodelle, die eigentlichen Produkt- und Prozeßmodelle können für die Endanwender entworfen und an deren Begriffswelt angepaßt werden&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Unterstützung der Ad-Hoc-Manipulation von konkreten Produkt- und Prozeßmodellen, nur dadurch kann eine Integration verschiedener Begriffswelten erreicht werden&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;der Einsatz standardisierter Techniken im Entwurf und dem Design ermöglicht eine schnelle technische Umsetzung der einzelnen Dienste gerade bei der im CAFM immer notwendigen Einbindung von Fremdsoftware&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;auf Grund einer klaren Schnittstellenspezifikation können externe Serviceangebote für einzelne Dienste erstellt und genutzt werden, der durchgehende Einsatz von XML ermöglicht eine effektive Langzeitdatenhaltung in einem standardisierten, selbstbeschreibenden Format&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
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Study on barriers of implementation of building information modeling in facilities managementHe, Zhaoqiang, 贺照强 January 2012 (has links)
Innovation implementation within an organization has always been associated with barriers from all aspects. As a key innovation in the building industry, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been adopted rapidly in the design and construction process. Facilities management (FM) which contributed far more values than design and construction however did not seems to catch up with this trend. High cost, poor technology and other factors inherent within organizations were mostly mentioned in research papers and industry to be the key obstacles. This paper aimed to explore and identify the key organizational barriers of the implementation process of BIM in FM. Three case studies on large FM organizations in Hong Kong were reported through in-depth interviews. Two FM software providers were also interviewed to have a comprehensive understanding of BIM in FM interfacing technology.
Before the data collection process, two theoretical models were built to guide the data collection and analysis process. The first model was based on the information flow during the BIM in FM implementation process whilst the second model was about the required conditions for such process.
FM managers from three leading organizations in BIM implementation in Hong Kong were interviewed. Some published documents from the targeted organizations were reviewed to facilitate the research findings. Soft system analysis was adopted to analyze the barriers which impeded the implementation of BIM in FM. A cross case study was also conducted to strengthen the findings from the three case studies. Two overseas software providers with successful BIM in FM experiences were also interviewed. The technology of BIM in FM is found to be ready for importing the construction stage information to FM software packages. The additional functions based on BIM in FM, however, are still not readily available in the market.
The fragmentation between the project and facilities management teams was found to be the most significant barriers for BIM implementation. To overcome such barriers, organizations may consider establishing a coordination platform between the project management team and FM team. It could be the most efficient way when the fragmented organizational structure was not possible to be changed in a short time. A company-wide BIM standard would also be useful to help during the coordination process. / published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Philosophy
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A lifecycle framework for integrated facilities managementBarresi, John Francis, Jr., II 12 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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The effect of preferential procurement on small, medium and micro enterprises within the Molopo region of North West Province / Muthukrishna UdayanUdayan, Muthukrishna January 2004 (has links)
In his study, the impact of preferential procurement on Small, Medium and
Micro Enterprises (SMMEs') was evaluated. Most developing countries,
including South Africa are characterised by a rapidly growing population, high
unemployment rate and poverty. To redress the situation, the South African
government, both at National and Provincial level has shown an interest in the
development and sustainability of SMMEs'
There is a dire need for the redistribution of income and opportunities to the
historically disadvantaged individuals. The South African economy is not
labour absorbing because of the inherited capital-intensive structure of the
economy. The South African SMME sector is far from homogenous and would
require a fine tuned set of interventions rather than the generic assistance
currently provided. Only a few dynamic SMMEs' show a potential to contribute
to rapid employment creation whilst survivalist activities constitute the vast
majority of South African SMMEs' (Kesper, 2000).
It is also important for government to know the value of SMMEs', especially in
the creation of employment and the impact that preferential procurement has
on the SMME sector within the Molopo Region of the North West Province.
This study should serve as an informative reference to the North West
Province and other relevant stakeholders, seeking greater insight into the
effect that preferential procurement has on SMMEs' within the Molopo Region.
In order to obtain a meaningful insight on the data collected, two sets of
questionnaires were developed. The questionnaires were structured so as to
get the views of :
The management of the Department of Finance.
Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises.
The tabular and graphical representations indicate the responses from the
management of the Department of Finance and the owners of SMMEs' within
the Molopo Region.
Personal interviews were also carried out in order to obtain a meaningful
insight into the research.
However, there were some research limitations to the study as indicated
hereunder:
On going changes of government rules and regulations.
The continuous revision of government programmes.
Restructuring within government departments.
The results of the study reflect that SMMEs' do generate employment and the
management of the Department of Finance are fully aware of the impact that
preferential procurement has on the SMME sector within the Molopo Region,
with respect to job creation, empowerment and sustainability of the SMMEs'.
The need for a fully integrated and up to date database cannot be over
emphasised.
By contributing to the development of the country's economy, SMMEs' will
facilitate a greater and more equitable distribution of wealth. It will also assist
in reducing the gap between small and big businesses, allowing businesses to
meet the challenge of a global competitive economy. / (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2004
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An investigation of cultural learning during the hospital briefing process from a facilities management perspectiveChandra, Venny, Centre for Health Assets Australasia, Faculty of Built Environment, UNSW January 2007 (has links)
The continued development of Facilities Management (FM) as a profession largely depends on it playing a stronger strategic role in the decision-making of organisations. This requires the capability of better understanding the clients' facility needs and requirements, which ultimately means that Facilities Managers must learn about the nature of clients' organisations and their organisational cultures. This study contends that in a project it is the briefing process that provides the greatest opportunity for cultural learning to occur, a process wherein it is important for the actors to converge upon shared understanding of facility needs and requirements. By focusing on culture at a cognitive rather than a behavioural level, this study has specifically attempted to identify the types of knowledge learned during a briefing process, to explore the process of cultural learning and the factors that encourage or impede such learning, and to produce an insight into the process. A hospital partnering project was adopted as a case study for investigating the process of cultural learning during the briefing process. Using Nonaka's (1994) theory of Knowledge Creation, this study portrays the briefing process as one wherein the social processes during briefing facilitate the conversion of tacit and explicit knowledge in a cyclical way. Sackmann's (1991) categorisation of knowledge has been used to analyse the social interactions during briefing by dissecting the different levels of knowledge being shared. In support of the cognitive perspective of learning and the conceptual understanding of culture as mindsets or cognitions, Laukkanen's (1996) Comparative Cause Mapping method was used to measure the cultural learning occurring among members of both the FM and their clients' groups, using an in-depth inquiry into five key concepts during the briefing process. Data was collected longitudinally during the briefing process using real-time observations and semi-structured interviews which maximised the comparative measures of similarities and differences in the Cause Maps depicting cultural learning. This integration of culture, learning, and briefing theories usmg Nonaka's (1994) knowledge creation theory, Sackmann's (1991) categorisation of knowledge, and Laukkanen's (1996) Comparative Cause Mapping method has produced interesting and useful insights into the process of cultural learning during the briefing process within a hospital partnering project. The study has found that significant cultural learning did take place during the briefing process and that partnering projects can present opportunities for this to occur. In particular, it is established that cultural learning is best conceived of as a process of social construction in which individuals, subgroups and groups engage in a collective approach to understanding facility needs and requirements. More specifically, briefing meetings were found to represent contexts for social interactions in which cultural learning took place. This learning occurred in constantly negotiated boundaries and through conflicts and disagreements, with actors competing in a dynamic process of social construction to have their version of understanding of the clients' needs and requirements prevail. The diverse client groups within the hospital context being studied provided a management opportunity for Facility Managers to act as 'mediators', which facilitated cultural learning. Finally, FM technical knowledge was shown to be an important tool for the FM group during the process of cultural learning as the participants negotiated their versions of knowledge.
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Ein prozessorientiertes Modell zur Verrechnung von Facility-Management-Kosten am Beispiel der Funktionsstelle Operationsbereich im KrankenhausDiez, Karin January 2009 (has links)
Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 2009 / Hergestellt on demand
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Untersuchung und Realisierung von Modulen zur Verwaltung der Netzwerkkomponenten im CampusrechnernetzBachmann, Heiko. Hübner, Uwe. January 2001 (has links)
Chemnitz, Techn. Univ., Diplomarb., 2001.
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